改性聚乙烯蜡氧化的研究

对石蜡改性聚乙烯蜡的空气氧化进行了研究,考察了石蜡加入量、催化剂用量、激发温度、反应温度、反应时间和空气流速对反应过程的影响。结果表明:在石蜡加入量35%、催化剂W-1用量2.5～3.5%、激发温度170～180℃、反应温度145～150℃、反应7h及空气流速5～6m/s的反应条件下,可以制得酸值30～35mgKOH·g-1的氧化蜡。产物红外谱图表明产物主要由脂肪酸、酯以及一部分未反应的原料组成。     

环氧聚丁二烯胺化物的研制

以二乙醇胺为胺化剂,以酚类为催化剂制备了环氧聚丁二烯(EPB)的胺化反应产物,研究了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量、胺用量及环氧值等因素对产物胺值的影响。结果表明:在一定范围内提高反应温度(90～160℃)、反应时间(0 5～9h)、m(催化剂)∶m(EPB)=(0～0 1)∶1、m(二乙醇胺)∶m(EPB)=(0 1～0 8)∶1,以及环氧值(3 0～7 6g/100g)可以提高产物胺值(20～100mgKOH/g)。     

高羟值大豆油多元醇的合成与表征

以环氧大豆油(ESO)、异丙醇为主要原料合成了高羟值大豆油多元醇.讨论了水和催化剂用量等因素对合成反应的影响,并对反应产物进行了红外(IR)及核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)分析.结果表明,水的用量为50 g、催化剂的质量分数为0.75%时,大豆油多元醇的羟值相对较高,达到266.3 mgKOH/g,粘度为33500 mPa·s;同时推测了产物的基本结构.     

酸改性流化催化裂化废触媒催化松香裂解反应性能

采用浸渍法制备了硫酸改性FCC废触媒负载型催化剂,以松香裂解为探针反应进行催化性能研究,利用XRD、IR、SEM和BET对催化剂物理化学性质进行了表征。结果表明,FCC废触媒表面积炭和金属堆积严重,经活化和酸改性后,催化剂保留了Y型分子筛骨架结构,其表面片层剥离现象明显,孔道结构改善,比表面积与孔体积分别由88.048m2·g-1、0.113 cm3·g-1增加至149.528 m2·g-1、0.153 cm3·g-1,FT-IR谱显示氢键吸收峰明显增强形成了Al-O-H酸中心;FCC废触媒改性的焙烧温度、液/固质量比、硫酸浓度和烘干温度影响催化剂积炭、金属杂质的清除和活性中心的形成,导致催化剂性能不同;松香裂解的适宜反应条件是催化剂用量为12%,反应温度为543 K,反应时间为1.5 h,反应后松香酸值由169.50 mgKOH·g-1降为3.90 mgKOH·g-1,酸改性FCC废触媒对松香裂解反应显示出良好的催化活性。     

三氯化铁催化山梨糖醇醚化反应的研究

以山梨糖醇为原料,六水合三氯化铁(FeCl_3·6H_2O)为催化剂,采用跟踪测定产物羟值的办法,研究了山梨糖醇醚化反应的失水规律。考察了制备方法、FeCl_3·6H_2O的用量以及反应温度对山梨糖醇醚化反应的影响,并采用傅里叶变换红外光谱法(FTIR)和气-质联用(GC-MS)技术,对山梨糖醇醚化产物的结构进行了分析。结果表明,FeCl_3·6H_2O对山梨糖醇的醚化失水反应具有良好的催化效果,当添加量为0.6%～0.8%、反应温度为140～150℃、真空度在-0.1MPa左右、反应时间为2～3h时,可将醚化产物的羟值控制在1300～1360 mgKOH·g~(-1)范围内。     

合成环氧大豆油工艺改进的研究

用相转移催化剂对硫酸铝催化法合成环氧大豆油技术进行了改进研究.实验结果表明,比没有改进的硫酸铝催化法合成环氧大豆油产品的环氧值有了很大的提高,同时大大缩短了反应时间,实验确定的最佳投料比为:m(大豆油)∶m(27%双氧水)∶m(甲酸)∶m(硫酸铝)∶m(相转移催化剂)=1∶(0.8～1.0)∶(0.13～0.15)∶(0.075～0.085)∶(0.0001～0.001).环氧大豆油产品环氧值在8.0%左右,酸值为0.40～0.50 mgKOH·g-1,色泽较浅.     

环保增塑剂DOTP的合成工艺研究

研究了环保增塑剂DOTP的合成工艺,结果表明,磨浆可有效减小粒径促进反应,得出了体系中酯醇物质的量之比与泡点的关系,及Y=0.0002X2-0.0307X+0.3439;并通过正交实验得出合成的最佳工艺条件为:醇酸物质的量之比为2.6∶1;催化剂用量0.5%,当反应3h后,酸值即可小于2mgKOH·g-1,反应6h可达到0.63mgKOH·g-1,温度仅230℃左右。     

Amberlyst-15催化木糖醇醚化反应研究

以酸性离子交换树脂Amberlyst-15(A-15)为催化剂,通过跟踪测定产物羟值,研究了木糖醇的醚化脱水规律。考察了反应时间、催化剂用量、反应温度对木糖醇醚化过程的影响。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱法（FTIR）和气相色谱-质谱联用法（GC-MS）分析了木糖醇醚化产物的结构。结果表明,当A-15用量为体系质量的0.4%～0.5%、反应温度为140～155℃、真空度为-0.1MPa、反应时间为1.5～2h时,可以将醚化产物的羟值控制在1250～1450mg KOH·g-1范围内。     

稻壳直接液化及催化裂解制备液体燃油

利用软化液软化新鲜稻壳和粉碎稻壳,判断软化是否更有利于后续实验。在稻壳直接液化初级生物油的基础上,利用甘油辅助蒸馏技术,将生物油分成轻组分和酚类组分,将轻组分依次进行催化酯化、催化裂解,分别测定了产物的酸值、羟值、粘度,并且探讨了催化剂回收次数。结果表明:稻壳软化后不利于后续实验,可以直接使用;催化酯化反应最佳温度为80℃,反应时间为2h,酸值从3.65mgKOH/g降到1.82mgKOH/g;催化裂解反应用HZSM-5作为催化剂时,产物的综合性能较好,酸值最低(2.24mgKOH/g),羟值最高(131.27),粘度中等(1.8mPa.s)。催化剂使用2次后,性能下降较多,必须再生。     

水性双组分丙烯酸-聚氨酯的合成与表征

使用相转化法,即将水溶性丙烯酸树脂和HDI缩二脲混合,然后加水稀释转相,制备了水性双组分丙烯酸聚氨酯。研究了丙烯酸树脂配方对双组分聚氨酯性能的影响,并用红外光谱(FTIR)对涂膜固化进行了表征。结果表明,以丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯为溶剂,在羟值为120 mgKOH·g-1、酸值为30 mgKOH·g-1的水溶性丙烯酸树脂中,添加10 %的甲基丙烯酸异冰片酯,获得的双组分聚氨酯乳液粒径小。室温干燥12 h,固化反应完成,涂膜交联密度高。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.