热塑性塑料/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的研究进展

概述了蒙脱土的结构、有机改性机理和热塑性塑料/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备方法,同时介绍了无定型热塑性塑料/蒙脱土和结晶型热塑性塑料/蒙脱土复合材料的最新研究进展和今后研究开发的方向。     

聚合物/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的制备研究

本文以聚丙烯和有机蒙脱土为原料，采用插层复合法制备聚合物／层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料，用透射电镜对复合材料的结构进行表征，测定了复合材料的力学性能，结果表明，用马来酸酐化聚丙烯作界面相容剂，聚丙烯大分子链分子插层进入到有机改性蒙脱土的硅酸盐片层中间，并且聚丙烯／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的力学性能有一定的提高。     

蒙脱土/淀粉基纳米复合材料研究

合成了多羟基小分子胺盐改性蒙脱土，并同淀粉进行复合。X射线衍射结果表明，多羟基小分子胺盐与蒙脱土层间Na^ 发生了离子交换反应，并进入层间，淀粉与有机蒙脱土共混后几乎未能进入土层。采用少量聚乙烯醇(PVA)对有机蒙脱土进行预插层，然后再与淀粉进行共混，当m(PVA)／m(淀粉)=1／9，m(有机蒙脱土)／m(PVA 淀粉)=4％时，制成的复合材料没有衍射峰出现，说明其可能是一种剥离型的纳米复合材料。     

聚合物/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料制备研究进展

近年来,聚合物基有机/无机纳米复合材料作为材料科学领域中的一枝新秀,已引起人们的广泛关注,这类材料具有有机和无机材料的特点,并通过两者之间的耦合产生出许多优异的性质,有着广阔的应用前景.聚合物与蒙脱土插层是制备高性能聚合物/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的一种新方法,也是当前材料科学领域的研究热点.本文从材料结构及性能、制备方...     

尿素和甲酰胺混合塑化热塑性淀粉／纳米黏土复合材料性能研究

使用尿素和甲酰胺混合塑化剂制备的热塑性淀粉（UFPTPS）可以有效抑制淀粉的重结晶，并用这种热塑性淀粉作为纳米黏土高岭土和蒙脱土的基质，制备了纳米黏土增强UFPTPS。扫描电镜表明，随着黏土含量的增加，塑化效果逐渐变差，3％（质量含量，下同）高岭土或蒙脱土增强的UFPTPS中可以看到残存的淀粉颗粒和未熔融的淀粉。红外光谱表明，淀粉中C-O-H基团和C-O-C基团都参加了与黏土的相互作用。热重分析表明，纳米黏土提高了热塑性淀粉的热稳定性。X射线衍射说明加入纳米黏土后作为基质的UFPTPS仍可以抑制淀粉重结晶。纳米黏土对UFPTPS起到增强的作用。随着水含量的增加，增强效应逐渐被弱化，在高水含量（23％）时，水分对材料力学性能影响很小。与UFPTPS相比，纳米黏土增强UFPTPS耐水性明显提高。     

聚丙烯/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料研究进展

介绍了近年来国内外聚丙烯/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料研究进展,分析了目前存在的问题和今后研究的方向,并简述了纳米聚丙烯的应用前景。     

橡胶/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备技术进展

橡胶／蒙脱土纳米复合材料具有优异的特性，如补强性、阻隔性和透明性，因而成为橡胶工业中研究的重点方向之一。总结了近年来国内外关于橡胶／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的研究报道，重点介绍了橡胶／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的结构、制备技术和插层机理。     

聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的研究进展

综述了聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备、结构类型等,并以尼龙、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯等聚合物为例,介绍了纳米复合材料的最新研究进展。     

聚乳酸/有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料研究进展

总结了近年来在聚乳酸/有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备、结构与性能等方面的研究进展,并对今后的研究方向及应用前景进行了展望。     

聚合物／层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的研究进展

聚合物／层状硅酸盐（PLS）纳米复合材料是近十多年迅速发展起来的新交叉科学。由于聚合物纳米复合材料具有常规聚合物复合材料所没有的结构、形态以及较常规聚合物复合材料更优异的物理力学性能、耐热性和气体液体阻隔性能等，因而显示出重要的科学意义和应用前景。综述了聚合物／层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的制备、结构、性能和应用情况，最后展望了其应用前景。     

Production of Thermoplastic Starch/MMT‐Sorbitol Nanocomposites by Dual‐Melt Extrusion Processing

A “green” processing method, dual‐melt extrusion, was used to prepare thermoplastic starch/montmorillonite nanocomposites without organic reactions in the solution. XRD demonstrates that sorbitol enlarged the interlayer distance of MMT during the first step. MMT‐sorbitol, formamide and starch were used to obtain TPS/MMT nanocomposites in the second step. XRD and TEM reveal that TPS intercalated the layers of MMT. With increasing MMT content, improvements in thermal stability, tensile strength, Young's modulus and energy break, and a slight decrease of elongation at break, appeared. The effect of water content on the tensile strength and elongation at break was also studied.

     

New Polylactide/Layered Silicate Nanocomposites, 6

The measurement of rheological properties of any polymeric material under molten state is crucial to gain fundamental understanding of the processability of that material. In the case of polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites, the measurements of rheological properties are not only important to understand the knowledge of the processability of these materials, but is also helpful to find out the strength of polymer‐layered silicate interactions and the structure‐property relationship in nanocomposites. This is because rheological behaviors are strongly influenced by their nanoscale structure and interfacial characteristics. In order to get this knowledge in the case of polylactide/montmorillonite nanocomposites, we have studied melt rheological properties of these materials in detail. On the basis of rheological data, we have conducted foam processing of pure polylactide and one representative nanocomposite by a newly developed pressure cell technique using carbon dioxide as a physical‐blowing agent.

The time variation of the elongational viscosity of one of the intercalated polylactide/montmorillonite nanocomposites.     

嵌入法制备聚合物/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的研究进展

本文介绍和对比了嵌入法制备聚合物／层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的三种类型,与溶液嵌入法（包括单体嵌入聚合法和聚合物溶液嵌入法）相比,熔融嵌入法具有更广泛的适用性。并从热力学和动力学角度出发,分析了影响嵌入过程的各种因素。     

蒙脱土对热塑性淀粉结晶和力学性能的影响

用熔融挤出方法制备的甘油塑化热塑性淀粉(GTPS)/蒙脱土(MMT)复合材料,可以有效抑制GTPS长时间放置的结晶行为,提高其力学性能。不同相对湿度下复合材料、GTPS、淀粉的X ray衍射说明,MMT对GTPS结晶有抑制作用;力学测试表明,随着w(MMT)=0%提高到30%,复合材料最大应力达到27 31MPa,应变从85 3%下降到17 8%,杨氏模量达到206 7MPa,断裂能从1 921N·m下降到1 723N·m。红外(FTIR)谱图显示复合材料中淀粉分子的碳氧(C—O)基团向高波数移动,蒙脱土中可反应性羟基(OH)向低波数移动。这表明蒙脱土分子可反应OH和淀粉分子OH之间有氢键形成,使GTPS中淀粉分子之间氢键难以形成,蒙脱土在复合材料中起到阻隔剂的作用,是抑制GTPS结晶的主要原因;扫描电子显微镜(SEM)显示,蒙脱土均匀分散在GTPS中,提高了材料力学性能。     

Preparation and Properties of Biodegradable Thermoplastic Starch/Clay Hybrids

Biodegradable thermoplastic starch (TPS)/clay hybrids were prepared by melt intercalation. Three organically modified montmorillonite (MMT) with different ammonium cations and one unmodified Na⁺ MMT (Cloisite Na⁺) were used. Cloisite Na⁺ showed the best dispersion in the TPS matrix. It was observed that the TPS/Cloisite Na⁺ hybrid showed an intercalation of TPS in the silicate layer due to the matching of the surface polarity and interactions of the Cloisite Na⁺ and the TPS, which gives higher tensile strength and better barrier properties to water vapor as compared to the other TPS/organoclay hybrids as well as the pristine TPS. It was found that the dynamic mechanical properties of the TPS/clay hybrids were also affected by the polar interactions.     

无机纳米复合技术在热塑性弹性体研究中的应用

综述了热塑性弹性性/无机物纳米复合的研究进展,并展望其技术发展趋势。     

Thermoplastic Starch Nanocomposites Reinforced with Cellulose Nanocrystal Suspensions Containing Residual Salt from Neutralization

Sulfuric acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of cellulose commonly isolates cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). Neutralizing the reactant solution with sodium hydroxide facilitates efficient downstream processing, but residual salt remains in the product. This study examines the reinforcing effects of CNCs from suspensions that contain residual salt on the mechanical properties of thermoplastic starch nanocomposites. By reinforcing starch films with up to 5 wt% CNCs, stiffness and strength are improved by 118% and 79%, respectively, indicating a good dispersion of CNCs in the starch matrix. Compared to nanocomposites incorporating salt-free CNCs, the remaining salt has no significant impact on the material's mechanical performance. The results indicate great potential of CNCs containing residual salt as biobased, low-cost nanofiller in hydrophilic polymer matrices.     

聚丙烯／聚苯乙烯／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备

通过对钠基蒙脱土的有机化处理，有机土与聚苯乙烯的复合，聚苯惭烯／蒙脱土复合材料与聚丙的复合等三个步骤制备出了聚丙烯／聚苯乙烯／蒙脱土纳米复合材料。     

聚氨酯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料制备及其性能研究

本文采用蒙脱土纳米材料改性聚氨酯，得到了理想的预期效果。通过单体插层，聚氨酯的单体可插层于蒙脱土中，经过多元醇与异氰酸酯的聚合反应制备了聚氨酯／蒙脱土纳米复合材料。用蒙脱土纳米材料改性聚氨酯，研究结果表明：蒙脱土纳米材料不仅提高了聚氨酯的模量，同时又使其强度不下降，密度不增大，这是加入其他刚性粒子所达不到的。同时探讨了聚氨酯／蒙脱土纳米复合材料之所以具有这些优良的力学性能的理论依据。