基于注频锁相技术的发射波束形成系统

研究了利用注频锁相技术实现低成本、高集成度、高效率的发射波束形成系统。首先介绍了发射波束形成的原理,并研究了注频锁相振荡器相位系统平衡点的稳定性,根据注频锁相振荡器的相位噪声理论给出了注频锁相振荡器阵列的设计原则,然后根据理论分析设计了一种可以产生高稳定度、低相位噪声具有任意相位加权系数的多通道射频相干信号的波束形成系统,利用计算机仿真该系统实现了发射波束扫描,证明了基于注频锁相技术的发射波束形成系统的可实现性。最后搭建了四通道注频锁相振荡器阵列,测量结果表明注频锁相振荡器阵列可以产生具有任意相位加权系统的多通道相干信号,进一步证明了该发射波束形成系统的有效性。     

基于注频锁相振荡器阵列的多波束扫描技术

研究了利用注频锁相振荡器阵列实现非线性有源天线阵多波束扫描技术,给出了注频锁相振荡器阵列的拓扑结构及相位动力学方程组,建立了基于注频锁相振荡器阵列的多波束天线加权模型并详细分析了加权矩阵的确定方法,最后对直线阵和矩形平面阵多波束扫描的方向图进行了计算机仿真并搭建了两波束扫描实验系统,进一步验证了该技术的可行性.     

基于注频锁相技术的接收天线本振阵列

文中以注频锁相技术为基础,提出一维和二维注频锁相耦合本振阵列基本结构,分析了注频锁相本振阵列的相位动力学方程,推导了稳定同步状态本振信号间的相对相移与振荡器自由振荡频率的关系,为注频锁相技术在接收天线本振阵列的应用提供理论基础.     

非线性有源天线阵多波束相位分布控制方法

研究了基于注频锁相振荡器阵列的非线性有源天线阵多波束拓扑结构模型,详细分析了一维线阵、二维面阵多波束相位分布的控制方法并完成了一维线阵、二维面阵的相位分布仿真和方向图仿真,验证了该方法的有效性。最后,完成了多波束性能的分析。     

有源天线阵波束电扫描新技术

研究了利用互注频锁相技术实现的低成本、高集成度、高效率的新型非线性有源天线阵列,给出了耦合振荡器阵列的幅度及相位动力系统满足的微分方程组,然后针对控制非线性有源天线阵列波束扫描这一实际应用,找到了可以实现有源天线阵列波束扫描的相位动力系统的轨道及振荡器自由振荡频率需满足的条件,并对轨道的稳定性进行了分析,提出了一种不用移相器实现非线性有源天线阵列波束电扫描的方法,最后利用计算机仿真验证了该方法的可行性.     

二维矩形耦合本振阵列的波达方向估计

提出以矩形耦合振荡器阵列为本振阵列,分析了矩形耦合本振阵列的相位控制原理及方法,推导了耦合本振阵列稳定锁相同步时,本振阵列阵元间形成均匀的相位分布,且等相位差只与边界上振荡器的自由振荡频率有关。利用耦合本振阵列阵元间等相位差的这一属性,调节耦合本振阵列边界上的振荡器自由振荡频率,改变耦合本振相邻阵元的等相位差,实现波达方向估计。文中对波达估计算法进行了计算机仿真,验证了其理论分析结果,为注频锁相耦合振荡器阵列应用于天线接收技术提供有力的理论基础。     

低相噪锁相介质振荡器研究

针对高的相位噪声指标要求,对取样锁相介质振荡器进行了研究.通过相位噪声分析,明晰了采用介质振荡器与取样锁相技术降低相位噪声的机理,并分别对介质振荡器与锁相环路进行了设计.设计中,应用HFSS与ADS对介质振荡器进行了联合仿真,体现了计算机辅助设计的优势.最终研制出17 GHz锁相介质振荡器,测试结果为:输出功率13.1 dBm;杂波抑制>70 dB;谐波抑制>25 dB; 相位噪声为-105 dBc/Hz@1 kHz,-106 dBc/Hz@10 kHz,-111 dBc/Hz@100 kHz,-129 dBc/Hz@1 MHz.     

六毫米波段注入锁定振荡器

本文描述一种六毫米波段注入锁定振荡器.该振荡器由耿管振荡器、环行器、锁相参考源组成,耿管振荡器采用背腔式稳频和谐振帽电路结构,输出端经环行器与高稳定度锁相源连接.注锁振荡器的输出功率大于60mW,振荡频率为46.1GHz,偏离载频10kHz处,单边带(SSB)相位噪声≤-71.7dBc/Hz,杂波≤-40dB.     

毫米波信号源调频噪声测试研究

本文对用延迟线调频鉴频器测量毫米波信号源相位噪声的方法进行了分析和讨论,并测试了35GHz 体效应振荡器及锁相信号源的相位噪声。     

低相位噪声微波振荡器设计

针对Ka和Ku波段上、下变频装置对微波振荡器低相位噪声和小型化的要求,该文采用单环锁相式频率合成技术完成了微波振荡器的设计,并对锁相环的相位噪声进行了理论计算。分析了鉴相频率、鉴相器灵敏度和环路带宽对锁相环输出相位噪声的影响,根据分析结果对微波振荡器电路参数合理选择,同时兼顾了低相位噪声与小型化的设计要求。测试结果表明,振荡器的相位噪声指标与理论计算一致,各项指标均达到要求,可满足实际工程应用。     

Injection-locking technique for the detection of gravitational waves

After a general presentation of the gravitational waves, this paper shows models which have investigated the injection-locking process in various fields, and their common result in mechanical, rf, microwave and quantum oscillators. The third chapter presents the two complementary approaches that are necessary to obtain a satifactory noise analysis of the injection-locking process, and the present state-of-the-art concerning Nd:yag lasers. Finally, the experimental results confirm the validity of the models and the feasibility of the expected performance. The limits of the models and corresponding investigations of interest are indicated.     

Indirect optical injection-locking of multiple X-band oscillators

Experimental results of indirect optical injection-locking of two X-band oscillators are presented. An S-band master source is used to lock both oscillators over 18 MHz using the laser diode nonlinearities. System FM noise degradation is 14 dB and the means to improve system performance are suggested.     

Balanced monolithic oscillators at K- and Ka-band

A technique for generating accurate antiphase signals is presented in this paper. Monolithic oscillators at 20 and 40 GHz are realized using this technique. These oscillators have dual outputs that are mutually locked in antiphase. The inherent amplitude and phase balances between the output signals are verified. This is achieved by direct measurement using injection-locking polar diagrams, as well as low-frequency measurements of the down-converted oscillator outputs. The operation of the balanced oscillator as a multidevice power-combining oscillator is also investigated. Improvements of phase noise reduction and frequency stabilization are demonstrated at the combined oscillator output. This new oscillator topology shows significant potential in balanced circuits like mixers, multipliers, and modulators where circuit performance relies on the precise generation of the balanced signals     

Comparison of Indirect Optical Injection-Locking Techniques of Multiple X-Band Oscillators

Experimental results of indirect optical injection-locking of two X-band FET oscillators are presented. An S-band master source is used to synchronize both oscillators simultaneously, with 18-MHz locking range using the fiber-optic link nonlinearity. The source of the optical link nonlinearity is traced to the laser diode by interferometric measurement. Both the laser diode and the FET oscillator nonlinearities can be exploited to achieve frequency multiplication of the master oscillator signal. The merits of these different methods are evaluated based on the locking range and the FM noise level of the injection-locked oscillator.     

一种S波段压控振荡器级联的注入锁定

针对压控振荡器(VCO)阵列注入锁定电路复杂和规模受限问题,提出一种S波段VCO阵列级联的新方法。通过在多个VCO之间加入耦合网络,将传统的单级注入改进为级联注入锁定,并通过网络级联方式实现级联级数的扩展。各级VCO之间通过耦合网络实现级联,首级VCO通过信号源参考信号进行锁定,次级VCO耦合前级VCO射频输出端信号进行锁定,每级均通过VCO电压调谐端进行注入。注入信号可锁定VCO输出频率,改善每级VCO输出相位噪声。通过级间耦合的形式,实现了一个微波源锁定多个VCO的输出。设计加工了2种级联注入VCO阵列,VCO的输出频率与注入信号频率相同,各级VCO相噪保持一致,当源相噪为-107.28 dBc/Hz时,各级VCO的输出相噪保持一致,为-105 dBc/Hz。该注入锁定方式电路简洁且成本低,未来有望应用在相控阵中。     

Output Power and Loss Analysis of 2/sup n/ Injection-Locked Oscillators Combined through an Ideal and Symmetric Hybrid Combiner

The scattering matrix for an ideal (2/sup n/+1) port combiner, formed by interconnecting (2/sup n/-1) magic-tee hybrids, is developed. This matrix is then used to describe a coherent power-summing technique for 2/sup n/ injection-locked oscillators for n=3. The losses that arise from combining oscillators with different injection-locking characteristics are evaluated by two methods: 1) expressions for the output power and loss of the combiner as functions of the input signals are obtained with amplitude and phase as parameters; 2) a semigraphical solution for the combined output and loss is obtained by means of a flow chart and computer-generated gain, loss, and phase characteristics of a single-hybrid junction. The amplitude and phase balance required between individual oscillators for efficient power addition is described, giving the engineer a quantitative measure of the multiple-oscillator design requirements.     

Precise delay generation using coupled oscillators

A new delay generator based on a series of coupled ring oscillators has been developed; it produces precise delays with subgate delay resolution for chip testing applications. It achieves a delay resolution equal to a buffer delay divided by the number of rings. The coupling employed forces the outputs of a linear array of ring oscillators oscillating at the same frequency to be uniformly offset in phase by a precise fraction of a buffer delay. The buffer stage used in the ring oscillators is based on a source-coupled pair and achieves high supply noise rejection while operating at low supply voltages. Experimental results from a 2-μm N-well CMOS implementation of the delay generator demonstrate that it can achieve an output delay resolution of 101 ps while operating at 141 MHz with a peak error of 58 ps     

S波段大功率注入锁频磁控管的输出特性

在多路注入锁频大功率连续波磁控管的相干功率合成实验中,输出特性分析有利于提升合成效率。搭建了一款S波段20 kW连续波磁控管注入实验系统,该系统包含幅频可调的微波源和移相器,由磁控管信号发生系统、注入锁定系统以及相位差检测系统3个小系统组成。利用外部注入信号,分别对磁控管输出信号的相位稳定度、频谱和相位噪声进行实验分析,实现了对实际磁控管在外部注入前后的特性分析。其中,相位差波动最小不足4°,最大17°,锁频带宽在2.9~13 MHz之间变化,在偏移频率1 MHz内对相位噪声抑制超过40 dB;并对注入锁频信号与输出信号之间的关系进行了总结,为多路大功率磁控管的功率合成提供理论依据。     

On the dynamics of two-dimensional array beam scanning viaperimeter detuning of coupled oscillator arrays

Arrays of voltage-controlled oscillators coupled to nearest neighbors have been proposed as a means of controlling the aperture phase of one-dimensional (1-D) and two-dimensional (2-D) array antennas. It has been demonstrated, both theoretically and experimentally, that one may achieve linear distributions of phase across a linear array aperture by tuning the end oscillators of the array away from the ensemble frequency of a mutually injection-locked array of oscillators. These linear distributions result in steering of the radiated beam. It is demonstrated theoretically that one may achieve similar beamsteering in two dimensions by appropriately tuning the perimeter oscillators of a 2-D array. The analysis is based on a continuum representation of the phase in which a continuous function satisfying a partial differential equation of diffusion type passes through the phase of each oscillator as its independent variables pass through integer values indexing the oscillators. Solutions of the partial differential equation for the phase function exhibit the dynamic behavior of the array during the beamsteering transient