Modeling approaches to pressure balance dynamic system in shield tunneling简

In order to deal with modeling problem of a pressure balance system with time-delay, nonlinear, time-varying and uncertain characteristics, an intelligent modeling procedure is proposed, which is based on artificial neural network （ANN） and input-output data of the system during shield tunneling and can overcome the precision problem in mechanistic modeling （MM） approach. The computational results show that the training algorithm with Gauss-Newton optimization has fast convergent speed. The experimental investigation indicates that, compared with mechanistic modeling approach, intelligent modeling procedure can obviously increase the precision in both soil pressure fitting and forecasting period. The effectiveness and accuracy of proposed intelligent modeling procedure are verified in laboratory tests.     

机器人避障模型简

研究了机器人在存在12个不同形状、不同大小障碍物的平面区域内避障的最短路径及最短时间路径问题.结合图论中的Dijsktra算法,获得了机器人避障的最佳路线;并对最佳路线进行了平滑处理,分别建立了问题一、二的非线性规划优化模型;利用Maple软件和Lingo软件编程,求出了最短路径、最短时间路径及切点的坐标.     

Purification process of coal-based coke powder as anode for Li-ion batteries简

A process of purification of coal-based coke powder as anode the treatment of coke powder with dilute hydrofluoric acid solution, for Li-ion batteries was attempted. The process started with followed by united-acid-leaching using sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid. The effects of altering the hydrofluoric acid addition, hydrofluoric acid concentration, contact time, temperature and acid type were investigated. A minimum ash content of 0.35% was obtained when proper conditions were applied. The electrochemical performance of purified coke powder shows greatly improved electrochemical performance. The as-purified coke powder presented an initial reversible capacity of 257.4 mAh/g and a retention rate of 95% after 50 cycles. The proposed purification process paves a way to prepare a promising anode material with good performance with low cost of coke powder for Li-ion batteries.     

Fatigue damage evaluation by metal magnetic memory testing简

Tension-compression fatigue test was performed on 0.45% C steel specimens. Normal and tangential components of magnetic memory testing signals, Hp（y） and Hp（x） signals, with their characteristics, K of Hp（y） and Hp（x）M of Hp（x）, throughout the fatigue process were presented and analyzed. Abnormal peaks of Hp（y） and peak of Hp（x） reversed after loading; Hp（y） curves rotated clockwise and Hp（x） curves elevated significantly with the increase of fatigue cycle number at the first a few fatigue cycles, both Hp（y） and Hp（x） curves were stable after that, the amplitude of abnormal peaks of Hp（y） and peak value of Hp（x） increased more quickly after fatigue crack initiation. Abnormal peaks of Hp（y） and peak of Hp（x） at the notch reversed again after failure. The characteristics were found to exhibit consistent tendency in the whole fatigue life and behave differently in different stages of fatigue. In initial and crack developing stages, the characteristics increased significantly due to dislocations increase and crack propagation, respectively. In stable stage, the characteristics remained constant as a result of dislocation blocking, K value ranged from 20 to 30 A/（m·mm）-1, and Hp（x）M ranged from 270 to 300 A/m under the test parameters in this work. After failure, both abnormal peaks of Hp（y） and peak of Hp（x） reversed, K value was 133 A/（m·mm）-1 and Hp（x）M was -640 A/m. The results indicate that the characteristics of Hp（y） and Hp（x） signals were related to the accumulation of fatigue, so it is feasible and applicable to monitor fatigue damage of ferromagnetic components using metal magnetic memory testing （MMMT）.     

Research of inverse mathematical model to high-speed trains简

Operation safety and stability of the train mainly depend on the interaction between the wheel and rail. Knowledge of wheel/rail contact force is important for vehicle control systems that aim to enhance vehicle stability and passenger safety. Since wheel/rail contact forces of high-speed train are very difficult to measure directly, a new estimation process for wheel/rail contact forces was introduced in this work. Based on the state space equation, dynamic programming methods and the Bellman principle of optimality, the main theoretical derivation of the inversion mathematical model was given. The new method overcomes the weakness of large fluctuations which exist in current inverse techniques. High-speed vehicle was chosen as the research object, accelerations of axle box as input conditions, 10 degrees of freedom vertical vibration model and 17 degrees of freedom lateral vibration model were established, respectively. Under 250 km/h, the vertical and lateral wheel/rail forces were identified. From the time domain and frequency domain, the comparison of the results between inverse and SIMPACK models were given. The results show that the inverse mathematical model has high precision for inversing the wheel/rail contact forces of an operation high-speed vehicle.     

Anodic behavior and microstructure of Al/Pb-Ag-Co anode during zinc electrowinning简

In order to study the anodic behavior and microstmctures of A1/Pb-Ag-Co anode during zinc electrowinning, by means of potentiodynamic investigations, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and X-ray diffraction （XRD） analyses, the mechanism of the anodic processes playing on the surface of A1/Pb-0.8%Ag and A1/Pb-0.75%Ag-0.03%Co anodes prepared by electro-deposition from methyl sulfonic acid bath for zinc electrowinning from model sulphate electrolytes have been measured. On the basis of the cyclic voltammograms obtained, information about the corrosion rate of the composite in PbO2 region has been concluded. The microstructures were also observed by means of SEM and XRD which showed Pb-0.75%Ag-0.03%Co alloy composite coating has uniform and chaotic orientation tetragonal symmetry crystallites of PbSO4, but Pb-0.8%Ag alloy composite coating has well-organized orientation crystallites of PbSO4 concentrated in the certain zones after 24 h of anodic polarization. It is important that Al/Pb-0.75%Ag-0.03%Co anode oxide film consists of non-conductive dense MnO2 and PbSO4 and a, fl-PbO2 penetrated into which, in fact, are the active centers of the oxygen evolution after 24 h of anodic polarization.     

重量法标定流量计简

在利用太阳能热泵供热实验台对系统的供热性能进行实验研究时,流量计因被测介质不同及长期使用会产生实验误差.为了提高测量水平,减少误差对实验的影响,本文中的实验采用重量法,分别对室内、外管路上的LZB型玻璃转子流量计和MCE08-787型累积式流量计进行了标定,并求出了各自的流量修正系数,以此来提高实验台的测量精度,从而保证实验结果的可靠性和准确性.     

我国高校教师职业倦怠解析简

教师已经成为工作倦怠的高发人群之一。近几年来,我国高校教师职业倦怠问题日渐突出,教师的职业倦怠问题对学校教育教学质量的负面影响越来越严重。探析教师职业倦怠的表现、影响、产生原因,分析缓解职业倦怠的对策。有助于增强教师教学积极性,提高教学效率。     

Nickel extraction from low grade laterite by agitation leaching at atmospheric pressure

This research work deals with the extraction of nickel from a low grade nickel laterite ore, taken from a deposit located in southwestern of Iran, through agitation leaching at atmospheric pressure. The assaying and mineralogical studies carried out on the nickel laterite sample, showed the 0.88% Ni, and principally consisted of oxide and silicate crystalline phases i.e. dolomite, quartz, magnetite, and goethite. Among numerous factors affecting such process, four major parameters i.e. temperature, agitator speed (r/min), leaching agents and their concentration were considered in a two-level full factorial experimental design. The agitation leach tests showed that the ore could be leached at atmospheric pressure with sulfuric acid while citric acid was almost unpromising. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) using DX7 software was employed to identify effective parameters. Sulfuric acid concentration and temperature were the most effective parameters on Ni extraction. Furthermore, the factorial models for experiment responses were developed. The results showed 83% Ni extraction after 4 h leaching, under optimized conditions i.e. temperature at 95 °C, acid concentration at 5 N and agitator speed at 1000 r/min. This study revealed that factorial experimental design can be implemented to identify effective parameters on the agitation leaching process of nickel laterite.     

Molybdenum removal from copper ore concentrate by sodium hypochlorite leaching

The removal of molybdenum from a copper ore concentrate by sodium hypochlorite leaching was investigated. The results show that leaching time, liquid to solid ratio, leaching ternperature, agitation speed, and sodium hypochlorite and sodium hydroxide concentrations all have a significant effect on the removal of molybdenum. The optimum process operating parameters were found to be: time, 4 h: sodium hydroxide concentration, 10%; sodium hypochlorite concentration, 8%; liquid to solid ratio, 10:1; temperature, 50℃; and,agitation speed, 500 r/min. Under these conditions the extraction of molybdenum is greater than 99.9% and the extraction of copper is less than 0.01%. A shrinking particle model could be used to describe the leaching process. The apparent activation energy of the dissolution reaction was found to be approximately 8.8 kJ/mol.     

Extraction of vanadium from vanadium slag by high pressure oxidative acid leaching

To extract vanadium in an environment friendly manner, this study focuses on the process of leaching vanadium from vanadium slag by high pressure oxidative acid leaching. Characterizations of the raw s...