Optimizing ontology alignment through Memetic Algorithm based on Partial Reference Alignment

All the state of the art approaches based on evolutionary algorithm (EA) for addressing the meta-matching problem in ontology alignment require the domain expert to provide a reference alignment (RA) between two ontologies in advance. Since the RA is very expensive to obtain especially when the scale of ontology is very large, in this paper, we propose to use the Partial Reference Alignment (PRA) built by clustering-based approach to take the place of RA in the process of using evolutionary approach. Then a problem-specific Memetic Algorithm (MA) is proposed to address the meta-matching problem by optimizing the aggregation of three different basic similarity measures (Syntactic Measure, Linguistic Measure and Taxonomy based Measure) into a single similarity metric. The experimental results have shown that using PRA constructed by our approach in most cases leads to higher quality of solution than using PRA built in randomly selecting classes from ontology and the quality of solution is very close to the approach using RA where the precision value of solution is generally high. Comparing to the state of the art ontology matching systems, our approach is able to obtain more accurate results. Moreover, our approach’s performance is better than GOAL approach based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) and RA with the average improvement up to 50.61%. Therefore, the proposed approach is both effective.     

A Compact Co-Evolutionary Algorithm for sensor ontology meta-matching

With the proliferation of sensors, semantic web technologies are becoming closely related to sensor network. The linking of elements from semantic web technologies with sensor networks is called semantic sensor web whose main feature is the use of sensor ontologies. However, due to the subjectivity of different sensor ontology designer, different sensor ontologies may define the same entities with different names or in different ways, raising so-called sensor ontology heterogeneity problem. There are many application scenarios where solving the problem of semantic heterogeneity may have a big impact, and it is urgent to provide techniques to enable the processing, interpretation and sharing of data from sensor web whose information is organized into different ontological schemes. Although sensor ontology heterogeneity problem can be effectively solved by Evolutionary Algorithm (EA)-based ontology meta-matching technologies, the drawbacks of traditional EA, such as premature convergence and long runtime, seriously hamper them from being applied in the practical dynamic applications. To solve this problem, we propose a novel Compact Co-Evolutionary Algorithm (CCEA) to improve the ontology alignment’s quality and reduce the runtime consumption. In particular, CCEA works with one better probability vector (PV) \(PV_{better}\) and one worse PV \(PV_{worse}\), where \(PV_{better}\) mainly focuses on the exploitation which dedicates to increase the speed of the convergence and \(PV_{worse}\) pays more attention to the exploration which aims at preventing the premature convergence. In the experiment, we use Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative (OAEI) test cases and two pairs of real sensor ontologies to test the performance of our approach. The experimental results show that CCEA-based ontology matching approach is both effective and efficient when matching ontologies with various scales and under different heterogeneous situations, and compared with the state-of-the-art sensor ontology matching systems, CCEA-based ontology matching approach can significantly improve the ontology alignment’s quality.     

基于局部标准匹配结果的本体匹配技术

针对已有的基于进化算法的本体匹配技术要求事先提供完整的标准匹配结果的缺陷,提出一种基于局部标准匹配结果的本体匹配技术．首先提出通过本体概念聚类算法以构建局部标准匹配结果,并在此基础上建立基于局部标准匹配结果的本体匹配问题的多目标优化模型;然后设计一种基于局部标准匹配结果的MOEA/D算法;最后,采用2012年的本体匹配评价竞赛的测试数据集进行实验,实验结果表明所提出的方法是有效的．     

大规模本体分块与映射研究

针对当前在大规模本体映射方面存在的不足,提出一种新的基于遗传算法的大规模本体分块与映射方法.首先,对本体进行预处理,把本体表示成有向无环图,将本体分块问题转换成图分割问题.然后采用基于遗传算法的GPO( Genetic-Partition-Ontology)算法对有向无环图进行分块,该算法不需要输入分块个数;最后利用基于本体块结构和基于参考点相结合方法找到正确的块映射.理论分析和实验结果表明,本文提出的映射方法能取得很好的结果.     

本体结构特征分析与匹配应用研究

针对本体匹配中结构蕴含的隐式语义信息难以正确表示和充分使用问题,提出将本体结构特征量化引入本体匹配。根据本体与复杂网络的相似性,分析本体具有的网络特征,提出了一系列基于结构和语义特征的理论和节点、边的量化标准,并将其用于核心节点的选取和边权重的度量。将本体匹配转换为基于元素个体特征和整体组织结构的有权标签图匹配问题,通过二次规划方法求取近似最优匹配。实验证明本体拓扑结构特征对本体匹配具有较大影响,其与核心节点匹配的紧密藕合能够显著提高匹配的准确性。     

一种基于马尔科夫网的本体匹配算法

概率模型是解决不确定性推理和数据分析的有效工具。针对本体匹配的不确定性,提出一种基于马尔科夫网的本体匹配改进算法。采用多种传统匹配算法计算相似度矩阵,改进相似度传播规则,添加2种结构稳定性约束规则和1种Disjoint一致性约束规则,定义其对应团的势函数。根据相似度矩阵和上述规则,给出马尔科夫网的构造方法,使用循环置信度传播算法计算随机变量的后验概率,依据后验概率得到最后的本体匹配结果。在OAEI2010数据集上进行实验,结果表明,与iMatch本体匹配系统相比,该算法能有效降低概率模型的复杂度,提高本体匹配的准确率和召回率。     

基于本体相似度的构件查询算法研究

为了解决语义网环境下构件查询的查全查准率问题,本文提出了基于本体相似度构件查询算法。首先介绍了本体的形式化定义和构件的刻面描述方法,用本体语言(OWL)对构件本体进行形式化的描述;然后针对本体的概念相似度理论和构件刻面匹配度公式存在的不足,用构件本体的概念相似度代替公式中的匹配度,对构件刻面匹配度公式进行改进和分析,提出了本体相似度构件查询算法;算法通过计算查询树和构件树各子刻面本体概念的RDF描述相似度和RDF图结构相似度,再由构件本体相似度匹配公式进行相似度的比较,检索出相似度高的构件。实验结果表明,该算法具有理想的查全查准率。     

一种基于语义网的本体映射改进算法

针对目前基于语义网的本体映射算法中背景本体搜索面少、本体收集不精确的问题,利用基于虚拟文档的映射技术提取在Word—Net中与概念同义的同义词集,将对单个概念进行搜索转换成对同义概念集进行搜索,从而扩大本体搜索面,获取更多背景本体。提出基于语义环境的动态本体映射算法来排除错误背景本体,使本体收集更加精确。实验结果表明,该算法可有效提高映射的查全率和查准率。     

基于语义的网格服务优化匹配

为了能够在分布、动态、复杂的网格资源查找过程中做到高效率、高精度的匹配,该文对语义Web技术和匹配算法进行了改进。在本体描述方面,针对网格特性对OWL-S进行了扩充,引入了网格服务的语义表示形式,使得Agent可以参与进来。在基于语义的服务匹配方面,定义了服务发布和请求条件的领域限定并在领域内进行服务匹配,设计了一种基于语义的网格服务匹配框架,给出了该框架的结构图,并分析说明了其中关键部件的功能和特点。该框架的正确合理性经原型实现得到了证明。     

一种基于子图近似同构的e-Learning学习资源本体匹配方法

针对e-Learning学习资源本体异构问题, 提出一种基于子图近似同构的本体匹配方法。该方法对现有本体匹配方法进行扩展, 综合编辑距离、层次关系等特征, 计算本体的结构级相似性, 以点、边有序交替匹配来判断实体的有向图近似同构问题, 实现本体匹配判定。演示算法处理过程, 给出算法时间复杂度理论分析, 说明其有效性。     

基于接口匹配的构件组装

基于构件的软件开发（CBSD）以软件体系结构为蓝图，通过可复用构件的组装构建高质量大规模应用系统。如何找到合用的可复用构件以及怎样在体系结构指导下进行构件的组装是CBSD的关键环节。研究了构件匹配的基本原理和理论基础，在此基础上分析了基于软件构件组装的系统开发技术并给出了对候选构件进行组合的配置算法。     

Parameterized point pattern matching and its application torecognition of object families

The problem of recognizing and localizing objects that can vary in parameterized ways is considered. To achieve this goal, a concept of parameterized point pattern is introduced to model parameterized families of such objects, and a parameterized point pattern matching algorithm is proposed. A parameterized point pattern is a very flexible concept that can be used to model a large class of parameterized objects, such as a pair of scissors with rotating blades. The proposed matching algorithm is formulated as a tree search procedure, and it generates all maximum matchings satisfying a condition called δ-boundedness. Several pruning methods based on the condition of δ-boundedness and their efficient computing techniques are given. The proposed matching algorithm is applied to a real shape matching problem in order to check the validity of the approach     

基于匿名消息广播的电子选举方案

针对目前基于语义网的本体映射算法中背景本体搜索面少、本体收集不精确的问题,利用基于虚拟文档的映射技术提取在Word-Net中与概念同义的同义词集,将对单个概念进行搜索转换成对同义概念集进行搜索,从而扩大本体搜索面,获取更多背景本体.提出基于语义环境的动态本体映射算法来排除错误背景本体,使本体收集更加精确.实验结果表明,该算法可有效提高映射的查全率和查准率.     

模型驱动架构的语义组合Web服务的验证

针对语义Web服务的组合与验证问题,提出了基于模型驱动架构（MDA）的组合方法与基于语义匹配度的匹配方法。组合方法使用UML类图和用例图对OWL-S进行静态组合建模,使用活动图对OWL-S进行动态组合建模。在建模过程中使用基于语义匹配度的匹配方法,选择可用的子Web服务确定最合适的组合Web服务,并将该组合UML模型转化为可验证的Promela语言,使用SPIN工具进行验证,通过验证的UML模型作为模板保存于本体的知识库中以便使用。该模型提高了开发语义Web服务的效率,保证了组合过程的正确性,还能利用模板与语义匹配度实时发现与选择可用的Web服务。     

基于语义相似度的Web服务匹配研究

现有的语义Web服务匹配算法没有考虑到本体概念间的多元关系,导致概念的语义不能被完整地反映出来,从而影响了算法的匹配性能。利用本体概念间的多元关系定义了一种语义距离,并通过该语义距离给出了概念间的语义相似度计算方法,在此基础上提出基于语义相似度的Web服务匹配算法。该算法通过本体概念间的语义相似度来反映Web服务的匹配程度。最后,通过对比实验验证了该算法的可行性和有效性。     

一种概念相似度传播改进算法

相似度传播在本体概念相似度计算中有着重要的作用,常见的相似度传播算法大都采用固定比例的相似度传播值,未对相似度转播值进行合理的定量分析。针对以上问题,提出一种概念相似度传播改进算法,该算法根据匹配节点的概念信息量大小判断其子父节点匹配概率大小,通过匹配概率大小调整相似度传播值,从而进行更精确的相似度传播。理论分析与实验结果证明该算法是有效的。     

Axiom-based ontology matching

Abstract: Managing multiple ontologies is now a core question in most of the applications that require semantic interoperability. The semantic web is surely the most significant application of this report: the current challenge is not to design, develop and deploy domain ontologies but to define semantic correspondences among multiple ontologies covering overlapping domains. In this paper, we introduce a new approach of ontology matching named axiom-based ontology matching. As this approach is founded on the use of axioms, it is mainly dedicated to heavyweight ontologies, but it can also be applied to lightweight ontologies as a complementary approach to the current techniques based on the analysis of natural language expressions, instances and/or taxonomical structures of ontologies. This new matching paradigm is defined in the context of the conceptual graphs model, where the projection (i.e. the main operator for reasoning with conceptual graphs which corresponds to homomorphism of graphs) is used as a means to semantically match the concepts and the relations of two ontologies through the explicit representation of the axioms in terms of conceptual graphs. We also introduce an ontology of representation, called MetaOCGL, dedicated to the reasoning of heavyweight ontologies at the meta-level.     

一种基于人工免疫的本体匹配算法

针对目前本体匹配算法存在运行效率低和匹配准确度不高等问题,提出一种基于人工免疫的动态本体匹配算法,用来快速地从现有本体中筛选出用户所需的子本体。该算法根据用户行为信息构建抗原本体模型,利用情景匹配确定其领域上下文环境,然后通过结构匹配获得匹配度最高的本体,最后对本体执行语义匹配得到最终需要的子本体。实验表明,该算法提高了本体匹配的准确度和效率。     

基于双标签集的标签匹配集成学习算法

当标识示例的两个标签分别来源于两个标签集时,这种多标签分类问题称之为标签匹配问题,目前还没有针对标签匹配问题的学习算法。 尽管可以用传统的多标签分类学习算法来解决标签匹配问题,但显然标签匹配问题有其自身特殊性。 通过对标签匹配问题进行深入的研究,在连续AdaBoost(real Adaptive Boosting)算法的基础上,基于整体优化的思想,采用算法适应的方法,提出了基于双标签集的标签匹配集成学习算法,该算法能够较好地学习到标签匹配规律从而完成标签匹配。 实验结果表明,与传统的多标签学习算法用于解决标签匹配问题相比,提出的新算法不仅缩小了搜索的标签空间的范围,而且最小化学习误差可以随着分类器个数的增加而降低,进而使得标签匹配分类更加快速、准确。     

基于接口连接关系的服务组合启发式算法

针对服务组合规划问题,提出了一种基于服务连接关系的启发式算法.该算法首先根据领域本体中概念条件出现概率提出了一种新的服务接口分量关联程度量化指标,再利用二分图稳定匹配算法解决了多输入输出分量接口匹配问题,在此基础上将服务组合规划抽象为与或图搜索,采用启发式算法实现了服务组合.实验结果表明,该算法能够根据用户请求动态的生成复合服务,通过服务连接分析预处理,可以有效解决输入输出接口多分量的服务连接问题,提高了服务组合效率.