热电厂净水装置反洗废水的回收

热电厂是用水大户,化水工艺用水来自地表水,地表水首先通过纤维过滤器和一体化净水器进行预处理,预处理工艺中产生约200t/h的反洗废水.为提高水资源利用率,降低新鲜水取用量,实现工艺水回收再利用,本文将首先分析该反洗废水的产生情况,并对废水成分进行分析,随后将这部分废水通过全自动净水设备进行处理,使之达到原水水质标准后回...     

工业清洗过程用水减量的数学模型及求解

分析了10个过程的工业清洗用水流量、进出口浓度、杂质传质速率之间的关系,建立了10个过程用水数学模型,并转化为一个有约束条件的优化问题。提出了一套基于混合遗传算法的工业清洗过程用水的优化方法,编制了清洗过程用水的应用程序。优化结果表明:新鲜水可由252.42 t/h降至150.20 t/h,节水量102.23 t/h,污水减少量102.23 t/h,节水率达40.5%。     

废水回用方式对水网络碳足迹的影响分析

针对典型高耗水化工企业,分析其水网络的碳足迹,对推进清洁生产、优化水资源配置、降低二氧化碳排放具有重要意义.选择新鲜水和电能这两项决定性因素.计算水网络的碳足迹,分析了钛白粉厂不同废水回用方式对水网络碳足迹的影响.研究结果表明,钛白粉厂直接回用水网络和再生回用水网络的碳足迹分别比初始水网络降低了24.69%和26.38...     

用工业废碱水处理反渗透法高含盐排放浓水

反渗透处理装置排放的浓水含盐量很高，如果不经处理直接排放势必对周围环境造成污染和水的浪费，氧化铝生产工艺废水中含有大量的碳酸钠、苛性碱等碱类物质，pH值达到13左右，回水量约2000m^3／h，用这些废水和反渗透浓水混合进行软化处理，降低浓水中的钙镁离子含量，并对难去除的硫酸盐进行稀释降低浓度，回用到蒸发循环水系统作为补充用水、氧化铝生产部分工艺用水、设备冷却用水，达到浓水回收再利用的目的。该方案实施后效果十分显著，回收反渗透浓水约60m^3／h，减少污水系统补充新水，降低生产用水费用约每年176万元。     

水泥窑余热发电系统水综合利用

<正>我公司(3 000+6 000)t/d生产线于2008年配套建设了闪蒸纯低温余热发电系统,装机容量16MW。发电系统用水占公司总用水量的60%,其用水结构主要是冷却塔循环水系统的补充水、化学制水系统用水、射水抽气系统用水、少量的绿化冲洗和生活用水。我们对该系统用水进行综合利用,最大限度降低了废水排放,减少了对一次水的需求量,节约了用水成本。     

中海石油中捷石化有限公司循环水排污回收再利用

为节约新鲜水用量,减少污水排放,中海石油中捷石化有限公司循环水排污回收再利用项目改进传统处理工艺,采用"三法净水一体化设备+电渗析"的组合工艺对排污水进行处理,使吨油水耗由原先的1.1 t降至0.6 t左右,处理出水满足回用要求,不仅降低了后续污水处理装置的负荷,每年还可节约综合用水成本约500万元,成为企业整体节水减排工作的重要组成部分。     

水夹点分析与数学规划法相结合的用水网络优化设计

提出了水夹点分析和数学规划法相结合的用水网络最优设计法。水夹点分析基于对过程用水的理解,获得新鲜水用量目标并给出用水网络设计的基本规则。在此基础上建立过程使用新鲜水、排放废水和回用的各种可能匹配方案的用水网络超结构及其MINLP模型。既避免了用水夹点综合设计用水网络得不到真正意义上的最优解,又在一定程度上防止超结构规模过大,MINLP维数太高,求解困难。采用通用代数建模系统GAMS得到用水网络最优设计方案。文献中的应用实例表明,本文所提方法可充分发挥水夹点分析确定新鲜水用量或回用结构的简洁实用性和超结构MINLP寻求最佳方案的优点。     

环己烷-水萃取法处理环己酮废水

采用环己烷-水萃取法处理环己烷空气氧化制备环己酮中产生的废水。结果表明:环己烷-水萃取装置可利用现有设备进行改造,经过环己烷萃取处理,环己酮废水的COD值从9 400 mg/L降低到1 050mg/L,去除率达到89%。在100 kt/a环己酮装置上,利用环己烷-水萃取法处理废水14.5 t/h,运行72 h后,综合能耗为26.075 M J/t,且无蒸汽消耗,环己烷循环使用,可回收环己酮、环己醇104 t/a。     

滤池冲洗排水回用于循环冷却水的工程应用

通过对全厂排放废水的调查研究，结果表明砂滤器冲洗排水可回用到循环水系统，根据水质各项指标分析数据，经一体化净水器沉淀、过滤处理后能有效地降低污水中的CODcr和SS等，使出水水质能够满足工业回用水要求。经过10个月的工业运行，监测的碳钢试管平均腐蚀速率及粘附速率与新鲜水效果相当，一体化净水器不仅能节约大量水资源，减少废水排放产生社会效益，而且能为企业带来一定的经济效益。     

并联连续再生/再循环的多杂质间歇用水系统优化方法

为了有效地减少多杂质间歇用水系统的新鲜水消耗量和再生处理量,针对多杂质间歇过程用水网络提出连续操作并联再生处理单元水网络结构模型及其优化设计方法。通过在用水网络中设置中间储罐和再生单元以实现对不同水质废水并联分质处理,建立了减少用水系统的新鲜水用量和再生水量以及废水排放量的数学规划模型,采用GAMS软件对一个实例进行求解。计算和分析表明：提出的水网络结构与优化设计方法可有效地解决按水质对废水进行并联处理的间歇用水系统,使系统的新鲜水用量和再生水流率同时达到最小。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。