菠萝纤维的阳离子改性及其染色性能

采用阳离子改性剂对菠萝纤维进行阳离子改性,优化了菠萝纤维阳离子改性工艺条件,探讨了阳离子改性剂用量、氢氧化钠用量、改性温度、改性时间对菠萝纤维上染率的影响。结果表明,最佳改性工艺为改性剂用量10g/L,氢氧化钠用量10g/L,改性温度80℃,时间60min,经过阳离子改性处理后的菠萝纤维染色性能得到提高。     

环氧-硫脲改性棉织物活性无盐染色

用环氧氯丙烷对棉织物处理后,再用硫脲代替乙二胺进行改性,改性的优化工艺为:硫脲10 g/L,氢氧化钠6 g/L,改性温度40℃,改性时间60 min,浴比1∶30。硫脲改性后,棉织物的降解温度提高,可染性明显增强,可以实现活性染料无盐染色,且匀染性和色牢度有所改善。     

氯化血红素/菠萝叶纤维改性材料的制备及表征

以菠萝叶纤维为原料,在氢氧化钠预处理后,通过酯化反应制备氯化血红素/菠萝叶纤维改性材料。采用氯化血红素对菠萝叶纤维进行改性,考察了氯化血红素质量浓度、接枝温度、反应时间对接枝率的影响,确定较佳接枝条件为氯化血红素质量浓度为1.0g/L、反应时间2h、接枝温度40℃。通过扫描电镜、红外光谱、X射线衍射及热重分析等,对菠萝叶纤维改性前后结构和性能进行表征。结果表明,改性纤维表面已接枝了氯化血红素,且半纤维素被去除;改性纤维仍属于Ⅰ型纤维素,结晶度由65.0%提高到74.3%,改性纤维的热稳定性降低。     

菠萝叶纤维脱胶工艺及染色性能

探讨了不同脱胶工艺对菠萝叶纤维物理性能的影响。用浓烧碱对菠萝叶纤维溶胀改性,并用活性染料对棉纤维、苎麻纤维、改性的菠萝叶纤维和未改性菠萝叶纤维染色。结果表明,菠萝叶纤维对活性染料的染色性能介于棉纤维与苎麻纤维之间,改性后的菠萝叶纤维对染料的上染性和提升性显著提高,可用活性染料染中深色或深色。     

阳离子改性菠萝纤维的无盐无碱染色

采用阳离子改性剂LD-8201对菠萝纤维进行改性,再用雅格素NF进行无盐无碱中性固色染色。探讨了改性工艺中改性剂和碳酸钠质量浓度,改性温度和改性时间对上染率和K/S值的影响;以及染色工艺中元明粉质量浓度、染色温度和染色时间对改性菠萝纤维上染率和K/S值的影响。优化的改性工艺为:阳离子改性剂LD-8201 10 g/L,碳酸钠20 g/L,改性温度70℃,改性时间50 min;雅格素NF系列活性染料的染色工艺:染色温度80℃,染色时间80 min。     

菠萝纤维/棉混纺针织物的阳离子改性工艺研究

本文采用双活性基活性染料对阳离子改性后的菠萝纤维/棉混纺针织物进行染色,探讨了改性工艺中改性剂用量、氢氧化钠用量、改性温度及改性时间对上染率和K/S值的影响,并通过正交实验优化改性工艺,得到最佳改性工艺:改性剂5 g/L,氢氧化钠10 g/L,改性温度70℃,时间50 min。     

菠萝叶高值化利用生产生物制品过程研究

该研究开发了一种简单、高效的菠萝叶转化生物乙醇、酵母蛋白质和纤维材料方法。菠萝叶通过机械压榨产生叶汁和纤维材料,每吨新鲜菠萝叶可产生0.75 t叶汁和0.12 t干纤维。菠萝叶汁自身的营养成分完全可以提供酿酒酵母生长所需,含有的糖分主要为葡萄糖和果糖,采用酿酒酵母进行厌氧发酵生产生物乙醇及酵母蛋白质。通过发酵参数优化,在温度30℃,初始pH 4.0,接种量10%(体积分数)的发酵条件下,乙醇的产量最高达12.88 g/L,干酵母粉可达3.83 g/L。研究结果将菠萝叶转化为具有利用价值的生物原料,可为我国菠萝种植废弃物的综合利用提供参考。     

菠萝纤维/棉混纺针织物的低盐低碱染色

采用双活性基活性染料诺威克隆蓝FN-R对阳离子改性菠萝纤维/棉混纺针织物进行染色,讨论了染色工艺中元明粉和纯碱用量,染色温度和时间对织物上染率和K/S值的影响。优化的染色工艺为:元明粉10 g/L,纯碱9 g/L,染色温度65℃,时间70 min。结果表明,活性染料对阳离子改性菠萝纤维/棉混纺针织物进行染色,可以在低盐低碱条件下达到较好的染色效果。     

菠萝叶纤维及其混纺织物的研究

制备了30/70菠萝叶纤维/长绒棉混纺纱和30/30/40菠萝叶纤维/粘胶/腈纶混纺纱,研究由该两种纱线制成的相应纬编针织物的服用性能,结果表明：菠萝叶纤维在混纺纱中呈束状,强伸性及初始模量差异性大;菠萝叶纤维/长绒棉纬编针织物可缝性、手感风格、抗折皱性能、起毛起球性较好,菠萝叶纤维/粘胶/腈纶纬编针织物柔软、易扭曲、弯曲起皱,悬垂性较好;织物的压缩性能、后整理稳定性能好。     

菠萝叶纤维卜公茶皂素前处理的可行性

采用卜公茶皂素对菠萝叶纤维纱线进行前处理。分别采用沸煮工艺、轧堆工艺和汽蒸工艺三种方式,测试了处理后菠萝叶纤维的白度、强力和毛效指标,得到的优化前处理工艺为：卜公茶皂素粉末质量浓度20 g/L,卜公茶皂素分散液质量浓度0.8 g/L,浴比1〖KG-*5〗∶〖KG-*5〗30,100 ℃浸渍60 min。处理后纱线具有较好的白度、毛效、强力以及强力保留率。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press