棉织物的壳聚糖金属配合物/H2O2室温漂白

通过壳聚糖在极稀的溶液中与金属离子Cu2+、Zn2+进行配位,形成2种壳聚糖金属配合物,研究这2种配合物催化H2O2氧化分解的动力学和对棉织物的室温漂白效果。结果表明：壳聚糖金属配合物在室温下能够较好地催化H2O2分解,分解率符合表观一级反应动力学;pH值、配合物初始浓度是影响壳聚糖金属配合物催化性能的重要因素。CTS′- Zn(II)配合物初始质量浓度为3g/L,pH值为11时催化效果最好;CTS′- Cu (II)配合物初始质量浓度为3g/L,pH值为8时催化效果最好。对棉织物的室温漂白效果与传统工艺相近,且强力保留率能达到90%以上。     

金属配合物对双氧水分解速率及漂白速率的影响研究

研究自制的金属配合物在棉织物双氧水漂白过程中,硅酸钠加入的不同方式、不同漂白温度对双氧水分解速率以及棉织物漂白速率的影响,并计算未加金属配合物低温漂白工艺及加金属配合物低温漂白工艺中双氧水分解速率常数以及半衰期。结果表明,70℃低温漂白,金属配合物/双氧水体系双氧水分解速率常数增加,半衰期减小。金属配合物在双氧水漂白过程中能够催化双氧水有效分解,显著提高棉织物的漂白速率,可实现低温漂白。     

低温漂白助剂金属铜肽配合物的合成及表征

以硫酸铜和肽为原料,制备金属铜肽配合物,并应用于棉织物的双氧水低温漂白。通过测定漂白织物的白度和毛效,优化了金属铜肽配合物的制备工艺,即n(Cu~(2+))∶n(肽)为1∶2,p H值8,室温反应24 h。采用红外光谱对配合物的结构进行表征;在p H=8,室温下金属配合物的稳定常数为2.23×10~6。该金属铜肽配合物对双氧水漂白有较好的催化活性,能够实现棉织物双氧水低温漂白。     

响应面分析法优化棉针织物金属配合物低温漂白工艺

为进一步优化金属配合物漂白棉织物工艺,在已经优化的单因素基础上缩小优化范围,选取金属配合物用量、双氧水用量、硅酸钠用量、温度为自变量,以织物的白度作为响应值,利用Box-Behnken Design试验和响应面分析法,研究了变量以及各因素之间的交互作用对织物白度的影响。模拟得到二次多项式回归方程的预测模型,优化得出金属配合物漂白棉织物的最佳漂白工艺:H2O2用量10 m L/L,金属配合物用量2 g/L,Na2Si O3 3 g/L,精练剂0.07 g/L,70℃处理60 min。     

金属配合物催化棉织物低温漂白研究进展

为深入了解金属配合物催化剂在棉织物低温漂白前处理中的应用,开发性能更加优异的金属配合物催化剂,对国内外相关研究进展进行了综述。主要介绍了以环多胺、席夫碱、吡啶、卟啉、酞菁及大环酰胺等几种典型配体与过渡金属形成的配合物催化剂在棉织物低温漂白中的应用。对金属配合物/双氧水低温漂白体系与传统棉织物氧漂体系进行了比较分析。结果表明,金属配合物是一种高效的催化剂,在双氧水低温漂白体系中的使用可有效解决传统棉织物氧漂工艺存在的能耗大、织物损伤严重等问题。最后指出了金属配合物催化剂在现阶段研究过程中存在的不足,并对未来的研究和发展进行了展望。     

金属配合物/H_2O_2体系棉针织物温堆工艺研究

将自制的金属配合物应用于棉针织物双氧水轧堆工艺中,采用单因素实验,探究了金属配合物用量、双氧水用量、轧余率、硅酸钠用量以及堆置温度和时间对织物白度、毛效及强力的影响,确定了棉织物轧堆的最佳工艺条件:金属配合物6g/L,30%H_2O_230mL/L,硅酸钠8g/L,精练剂0.4g/L,渗透剂JFC 3g/L,轧余率100%,70℃下堆置60min。并与TAED低温轧堆工艺、传统轧蒸工艺进行了比较,结果表明,经金属配合物/H_2O_2体系轧堆工艺漂白棉织物的白度以及毛效值显著提高,效果优于活化剂TAED/H_2O_2体系低温轧堆漂白工艺;织物的毛效值与传统轧蒸工艺相近,只是白度略低于传统轧蒸工艺,织物损伤明显低于传统轧蒸工艺。     

卟啉铁/双氧水体系在棉织物低温催化漂白中的应用

针对传统碱氧漂白加工过程中的能耗、污染及织物强力损失等问题,将仿酶型金属化合物卟啉铁作为新型低温漂白催化剂应用于棉织物双氧水低温漂白加工。采用单因素和正交试验方法研究了催化剂质量浓度、pH值、双氧水质量浓度、漂白温度及漂白时间等工艺因素对低温漂白后棉织物白度和拉伸断裂强力指标的影响。研究结果表明：在卟啉铁质量浓度为0.001 g/L、30%双氧水质量浓度为2 g/L、漂白温度为60℃、pH 值为12 及漂白时间为45 min 的条件下,漂白后棉织物的白度可达75.02%,强力保留率为91.9％,其白度高于常规碱氧漂白和四乙酰乙二胺（TAED）活化漂白工艺,断裂强力优于常规碱氧漂白工艺但低于TAED 活化漂白工艺。     

双核希夫碱金属锰仿酶配合物的合成及其应用

以水杨醛、浓硫酸、碳酸钠与1,3-二氨基-2-丙醇为原料,采用2步法合成工艺制得双水杨醛磺酸钠缩二氨基-2-丙醇配体,再将配体与金属盐乙酸锰进行配位得到双核希夫碱金属锰配合物,红外光谱和能量色散X-射线能谱表征了配合物。将配合物应用于棉织物的低温漂白,探讨了配合物浓度、p H和乙酰胺用量对漂白效果的影响。结果表明,在配合物浓度为8μmol/L、p H为10.5~11.0、乙酰胺用量为8~9 g/L的条件下,处理后的棉织物白度达77.7%,毛细管效应达8.7 cm/30 min。     

双氧水/明胶铜配合物体系漂白残液的回用

探讨双氧水/明胶铜配合物体系低温漂白棉织物后的残液再利用性能,研究了在漂白残液中添加不同用量的明胶铜配合物、硅酸钠和双氧水对棉织物漂白效果的影响。结果表明,双氧水/明胶铜配合物体系的漂白残液中仍然残留双氧水及漂白助剂,只需添加少量明胶铜配合物、硅酸钠和双氧水,就能继续对棉织物进行低温漂白,并获得良好的漂白效果。双氧水/明胶铜配合物体系漂白残液再利用的较佳工艺为:在双氧水/明胶铜配合物体系漂白残液中补加明胶铜配合物1 g/L和双氧水6~10 m L/L(具体用量可根据白度要求而定),75℃处理20 min,加入3 g/L硅酸钠,继续保温处理40 min。     

棉织物双氧水/金属蛋白配合物的低温漂白

将自制的金属蛋白配合物应用于棉织物双氧水漂白工艺中,探讨金属蛋白配合物质量浓度、双氧水体积浓度、硅酸钠质量浓度,以及处理温度对棉织物漂白效果的影响。优化的金属蛋白配合物漂白工艺为:金属蛋白配合物2 g/L,30%双氧水10 m L/L,渗透剂JFC 1 g/L,精练剂0.2%(omf),在70℃下处理20 min,然后加入4 g/L硅酸钠,继续漂白处理30 min。结果表明,棉织物金属蛋白配合物低温70℃漂白的白度基本达到传统高温90℃漂白水平,且碱用量大大减少,织物损伤显著降低。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the