棉织物色泣现象成因及其消除

以萃取活性染料染色织物浮色的方式,探究活性染料染色棉织物的色泣牢度与浮色之间的关系。结合染色原理对活性染料染色棉织物经储存后色泣牢度下降的原因进行了分析,并尝试使用加强皂洗和固色处理的方式提高织物色泣牢度。结果表明,浮色是影响活性染料染色棉织物色泣牢度的重要因素,已上染的活性染料经一定时间储存后发生水解断键可能是导致色泣牢度下降的重要因素。增加1~2次皂洗可以提高色泣牢度,固色剂JAL-01和固色剂JAL-02均可以显著提高棉织物活性染料染色的色泣牢度,但其中固色剂JAL-01对织物的色光影响较大。     

天然染料黄连对棉织物的染色研究

采用天然染料黄连的提取液对棉织物染色,通过试验确定了预媒染染色的最佳工艺条件,并采用超声波对黄连染色的最佳工艺进行染色实验,分析了超声波对各种染色方法的影响,比较了K/S值和颜色特征值的变化。对织物色牢度测试表明黄连染棉织物的水洗牢度较差,但超声波及媒染处理可以改善织物的水洗牢度。     

棉织物的黄连植物染料媒染染色

采用天然染料黄连提取液对纯棉织物进行预媒染染色.通过试验,优化了不同金属离子预媒染染色的工艺条件,分析了不同金属离子对染色效果的影响,比较了K/S值和颜色特征值的变化.织物色牢度测定结果表明,黄连染色棉织物的皂洗牢度较差,但采用柠檬酸或酒石酸固色可以改善织物的皂洗牢度.     

明胶预处理棉织物的茶多酚染色

采用茶多酚对明胶预处理后的棉织物进行染色,研究了染色pH值、温度、时间和茶多酚质量分数、媒染剂和媒染方式等对棉织物颜色参数的影响;测试了染色后织物色牢度、抗紫外线和抗菌性能。结果表明:明胶改性可提高茶多酚的染色深度;明胶改性棉织物的优化染色工艺为茶多酚30%(omf)、染色pH值6、温度90℃、时间60 min;采用不同的媒染剂可分别染得棕色、灰黑色和深棕色,同浴媒染法染得的颜色最深;茶多酚染色织物UPF值高达50+;茶多酚硫酸铜媒染织物对大肠埃希菌和金黄葡萄球菌的抑菌率接近100%;明胶预处理后茶多酚直接染色和媒染染色织物的耐皂色洗牢度和耐摩擦色牢度均达到3级以上。     

阳离子改性棉的酸性染料染色性能

文中介绍了棉织物阳离子改性的原理,采用阳离子改性剂T对棉织物进行了阳离子改性处理,并用5种酸性染料分别对其染色,分别测试了染色后各织物的颜色参数、染色深度和水洗牢度。结果表明,阳离子改性后的棉织物能够与酸性染料很好地结合,且有良好的水洗牢度,对6种常见的纤维无沾色。     

棉织物色媒体浸渍法改性工艺

采用色媒体对棉织物进行改性,然后进行活性染料无盐染色。研究了改性工艺温度、改性时间、改性pH值和色媒体用量对改性织物染色K/S值和染色牢度的影响。结果表明,棉织物色媒体浸渍改性的较佳工艺条件为:色媒体用量3%(owf),pH值7,温度70℃,处理时间60 min;改性后织物染色的K/S值得到提高。     

大黄染料在改性纤维素纤维织物中的媒染染色研究

对大黄染料在改性纤维素纤维织物中的媒染进行了研究.采用正交实验法分别对改性棉试样进行了稀土预媒、铁盐预媒和铝盐预媒染色,确定了其最优工艺条件.通过测试改性棉、改性麻织物的直接染色、预媒染色、后媒染色试样的皂洗牢度和摩擦牢度,得知媒染能增加大黄染料用于改性纤维素纤维织物染色的固色效果.由稀土与金属盐媒染剂染色试样的染色性能对比,得出稀土不仅可以代替铝盐,而且环保,实现了服装面料的纯天然化.     

改性棉织物活性染料无盐染色效果评价

使用自制阳离子改性剂WLS改性棉织物,并对改性前后棉织物活性染料染色性能进行了分析,测试了织物表面染色深度K/S值、固色效率、耐摩擦牢度和匀染性能指标。结果表明,在相同K/S值的情况下,改性棉织物采用无盐低碱染色工艺比传统染色工艺能节约染料用量3%,同时可改进织物的干、湿耐摩擦色牢度,提高染料的固色效率而不影响织物的匀染性。     

棉织物阳离子改性工艺对黄色系天然染料染色性能和织物紫外防护性能的影响

分析了棉织物阳离子改性对黄色系中草药姜黄和大黄染色效果的影响,测试了染色织物的耐洗、耐摩擦色牢度及紫外防护功能。结果表明棉织物阳离子改性提高了这两种黄色素上染织物的染色深度。棉织物的阳离子改性工艺为:阳离子改性剂用量20g/L,NaOH用量10g/L,改性温度60℃和70℃,改性时间40~60min。染色织物干摩和皂洗沾色(棉)牢度都较好,达到4-5级;浅色织物的湿摩和褪色牢度分别为4-5级和3-4级。姜黄和大黄染色的棉织物均具有一定的紫外防护功能。     

WLS-20在硫化染料染色棉织物固色中的应用效果评定

用自制阳离子化羽毛蛋白助剂WLS-20对棉织物进行浸渍改性后用硫化染料染色,对比了改性与未改性棉织物的染色性能,再用此助剂对改性与未改性染色棉织物进行固色处理。在前期研究的基础上,再用此助剂对不同硫化染料用量和不同种类硫化染料染色的改性与未改性棉织物进行固色后处理,评定了WLS-20在硫化染料染色棉织物固色中的应用效果。结果表明:与未改性棉织物相比,染品在染料用量相同时,WLS-20改性棉织物比普通棉织物得色更深,经WLS-20助剂固色处理,皂洗时白布的沾色明显减少,染色织物的耐摩擦牢度、耐洗色牢度提高0.5~1级。可见,WLS-20助剂是一种多功能助剂,既能作为纤维改性剂,又可作为染色织物的固色剂。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the