酶催化酯交换制备MLM型结构脂的研究

采用Lipozyme RM IM脂肪酶为催化剂,在无溶剂体系中,催化大豆油和辛酸(C8∶0)、癸酸(C10∶0)进行酯交换反应制备MLM型结构脂.辛酸、癸酸单独与大豆油反应时,癸酸在产品中的含量比辛酸高并且反应速率快;辛酸、癸酸混合与大豆油反应同其分别单独与大豆油反应没有区别,因此选择辛酸、癸酸混合与大豆油进行酯交换反应.在目标产品(27％ C8∶0和10％ C10∶0)的基础上,探讨了辛酸与癸酸摩尔比、底物摩尔比(酸与大豆油摩尔比)、反应温度及Lipozyme RM IM添加量(基于底物总质量)对酯交换产品中辛酸、癸酸含量的影响,同时对脂肪酶可重复利用次数进行了考察.得到的最佳反应条件为:辛酸与癸酸摩尔比4∶1,底物摩尔比6∶1,反应温度55℃,Lipozyme RM IM添加量7％;在此条件下达到目标产品要求的反应时间仅需4h.在最佳反应条件下,利用该酶反应了12批次(每批次为24 h)后,结果仍可达到目标产品的要求.     

酸性离子液体催化大豆油酸解反应

研究了酸性离子液体催化大豆油与辛酸、癸酸反应合成中长碳链结构脂的主要影响因素。对离子液体进行了筛选,考察了底物摩尔比(大豆油与辛酸癸酸混合物(摩尔比3∶1)摩尔比)、催化剂添加量、反应温度、反应时间对中碳链脂肪酸(MCFA)结合率的影响。以1-羧甲基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐为催化剂,利用单因素实验确定最佳反应条件为:底物摩尔比1∶8,催化剂添加量12%(以底物质量计),反应时间9 h,反应温度130℃。在最佳反应条件下,反应产物中MCFA的结合率为46.72%,辛酸、癸酸的结合率分别为30.04%、16.68%。通过考察辛酸、癸酸参与反应的难易程度可知,癸酸较辛酸更容易发生酸解反应。     

酶法改良大豆油制备质构脂质的研究

研究了固定化脂肪酶催化大豆油与辛酸酸解制备质构脂质的工艺.脂肪酶筛选实验表明,在所选用的三种脂肪酶中,来自Rhizomucor miehei的固定化脂肪酶RM IM催化效果最好.以RM IM为催化剂,进一步考察了酶用量、底物摩尔比、水分添加量、反应温度、反应时间等因素对辛酸插入率的影响.结果表明:当大豆油500mg时,最佳的反应条件为:反应温度40℃,底物摩尔比6∶1(辛酸∶大豆油),固定化酶10%(底物重量百分比),水分添加量10%(酶的重量百分比),反应24h,辛酸的插入率为43%,质构脂质的脂肪酸分布最合理.     

离子液体催化大豆油酸解制备中长碳链结构酯

以中碳链脂肪酸(MFCA)和大豆油为原料,酸性离子液体1-甲基-3-羧甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐[AAMIM][HSO4]为催化剂,通过酸解反应制备中长碳链结构酯(MLCT)。在单因素试验基础上结合正交试验最终得到最佳工艺条件为:反应温度为140℃,反应时间为6 h,底物物质的量比为10∶1,催化剂添加量为4%(以底物总量计),中碳链脂肪酸的结合率最大为51.49%。在对辛酸、癸酸选择性试验的基础上得出癸酸与辛酸在酸解反应过程中具有竞争性,且癸酸占有竞争优势。纯化脱酸后产品中MLCT占总质量的72.96%。     

响应面优化脂肪酶催化合成中长碳链甘三酯

采用响应面设计对脂肪酶Novozym 435在无溶剂体系中催化甘油和中长碳链脂肪酸(辛酸、癸酸和油酸混合物)酯化反应合成中长碳链甘三酯进行了研究.研究发现:反应温度、加酶量和反应时间对中长碳链甘三酯得率具有显著性影响(P＜0.05),而底物摩尔比(脂肪酸与甘油摩尔比)对中长碳链甘三酯得率不具有显著性影响.优化得到的最佳条件为:反应温度90℃,加酶量6.5％(以脂肪酸和甘油的总质量计),底物摩尔比3.5∶1,反应时间12.97 h.在此条件下,平均甘三酯得率为78.5％;产品中甘三酯、甘二酯、甘一酯和游离脂肪酸含量分别为85.6％、0.3％、0.1％和14.0％;产品甘三酯中辛酸、癸酸和长碳链脂肪酸含量分别为25.4％、10.7％和63.9％,与目标中长碳链甘三酯产品指标基本一致.     

无溶剂体系中酶催化合成结构脂质条件初探

以菜籽油和辛酸为原料,在无溶剂体系中用脂肪酶催化酸解合成结构脂质。对6种不同来源的脂肪酶进行筛选,结果表明Lipozyme RMIM催化活性高、Sn-1,3位特异性强。以Lipozyme RMIM为催化用酶,考察了反应时间、反应温度、底物比(菜籽油与辛酸摩尔比)、加酶量、体系水分含量对酸解反应的影响。结果表明,在反应时间15 h,反应温度50℃,底物比1∶4,加酶量10%条件下,辛酸合成率达40%。     

酶催化大豆油酸解制备质构脂质反应条件的优化

探讨了正己烷体系中各因素对酶催化大豆油酸解制备质构脂质反应的影响,在单因素实验基础上,采用响应面设计实验,以辛酸插入率为考察指标,确定了最佳反应条件。结果表明,最优反应条件为:反应温度35.8℃,加酶量11.9%(底物的质量分数),底物摩尔比5.7∶1(辛酸/大豆油),加水量15.4%(酶的质量分数),反应时间20.4 h。在此条件下,实验测得辛酸插入率高达44.903 7%,与模型预测值45.689 8%非常吻合。     

酶法催化酯交换制备甘油二酯工艺优化研究

以大豆油和单甘酯为原料,在无溶剂体系中利用固定化脂肪酶Novozym 435催化合成甘油二酯。通过单因素实验和响应面实验研究反应温度、底物摩尔比、反应时间和酶添加量对甘油二酯含量的影响。结果表明:4个因素对甘油二酯含量影响的大小依次为反应温度、反应时间、酶添加量、底物摩尔比;合成甘油二酯的最佳工艺条件为大豆油与单甘酯摩尔比1∶2、酶添加量9%、反应温度83℃、反应时间6. 5 h,在此条件下甘油二酯含量为(51. 2±0. 2)%。     

基于核桃油-辛酸酶法合成的 新型结构脂

本文研究了以核桃油、辛酸为实验原料,通过Box-Benhnken响应面优化核桃油-辛酸结构脂的制备工艺,以其辛酸插入率为评价标准从固定化脂肪酶Novozym 435、Lipozyme TL IM 和 Lipozyme RM IM 中筛选出辛酸插入率最高的酶,考察底物摩尔比、酶的添加量、反应时间及反应温度对核桃油-辛酸结构脂中辛酸插入率的影响,在单因素试验的基础上,利用四因素三水平响应面法确定核桃油-辛酸结构脂的制备工艺。结果表明固定化脂肪酶 Lipozyme TL IM 较适合制备核桃油-辛酸结构脂,其最佳酸解反应的条件为底物摩尔比(辛酸:核桃油)为3:1,酶添加量为10wt%,反应时间为12.6h,反应温度为44.8℃,在此条件下,辛酸插入率为32.37%。该条件适于制备的核桃油-辛酸结构脂,通过对核桃油-辛酸结构脂制备工艺的优化可为结构脂的开发与应用提供理论借鉴。     

无溶剂体系中酶促合成中碳链甘三酯

在无溶剂体系下,采用Lipozyme 435催化甘油和中碳链脂肪酸(辛酸和癸酸混合物)酯化合成中碳链甘三酯(MCT).结果表明在无溶剂体系下,反应温度对MCT得率具有显著影响.通过单因素试验和正交试验,得出制备MCT的最佳工艺条件为:反应温度90℃,加酶量(以脂肪酸质量计)5％,底物摩尔比(脂肪酸与甘油摩尔比)3∶1,反应时间16 h.在此条件下,MCT得率为92.10％,产物中甘二酯、甘一酯和游离脂肪酸含量分别为6.03％、0.13％和1.74％.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press