火电厂厂级负荷优化分配算法的分析

机组负荷优化分配和机组优化组合是电力系统经济调度的重要环节,因此,负荷优化分配算法日益受到广大学者的关注。在经过了国内外长期的研究和广泛的应用,目前已出现了很多有价值的负荷优化分配方法。本文对国内外出现的负荷优化分配算法进行分析、比较和总结,阐述各种算法的基本原理,针对相关算法分析比较其优缺点。     

空间自由曲面数控加工算法研究及存在的问题

空间自由曲面数控加工无干涉刀位轨迹产生算法是数控加工中的关键技术之一，阐述了国内外有关算法的研究状况，探讨了算法的原理及存在的一些有待进一步研究的问题。     

空间自由曲面数控加工算法研究及存在的问题

空间自由曲面数控加工无干涉刀位轨迹产生算法是数控加工中的关键技术之一，阐述了国内外有关算法的研究状况，探讨了算法的原理及存在的一些有待进一步研究的问题。     

停泵水锤的简易算法及算例

针对目前国内外使用最广泛的各种水锤简易算法，进行归纳比较和对照。并结合工程实例，采用多种算法分析，然后对各种算法的优缺点和适用条件进行了比较，以便得出最佳计算方案。     

高速铁路弓网图像边缘检测算法研究综述

图像处理技术在高速铁路弓网状态检测中具有检测精度高、速度快、成本低、易于操作和实时性强等优势。总结了国内外高速铁路弓网图像边缘检测算法,分析了这些算法的运算过程,并通过MATLAB平台仿真获取了各边缘检测算法的弓网图像,结合边缘图像进一步分析了各算法的优势与不足,为探索弓网图像边缘检测的最优算法提供了理论依据。     

由超声多普勒频移信号估计胎心率算法探讨

胎心率监护在临床医学中具有重要参考价值.采用超声多普勒技术进行无创监护是目前临床使用最为广泛的监护手段之一.为了能够从多普勒频移信号中准确的估计瞬时胎心率,国内外在算法思想和算法实现领域进行了长期和较为广泛的研究.本文将研究过程中了解到的各种算法思想和算法实现进行了归纳与探讨.     

装备野外通行路径优化算法研究进展

随着野外装备智能化的不断发展，野外环境下的装备路径优化成为近年来研究的重要领域之一，其在促进军事力量的发展和推动军事智能化的进程等方面起到重要作用。目前国内外对于既有道路下车辆优化方法的研究和总结较为成熟，但由于野外环境的复杂性和未知性，基于既有道路的优化算法无法在野外路径优化中直接应用。因此，本文基于国内外野外环境下的装备路径优化技术的研究现状，从环境建模和路径优化算法两个研究层面进行了归纳总结，并将野外路径优化算法分为单装备路径优化和多装备路径优化，阐述了各方法的适用范围与利弊，针对野外环境下的动力学问题，重点阐述了动力学约束下的装备路径优化算法，最后对未来野外路径优化算法的发展方向进行了展望。     

六分量力传感器及其校准系统

对当前国内外多分量测力传感器进行了分析,从理论上探讨了六分量力传感器的数学模型。在传统的牛顿迭代算法中引入了遗传算法的思想,创造了随机牛顿算法;对逐步回归算法进行了研究与相应的改进,并进行了大量的结果对比分析;设计开发了六分量力传感器及其校准系统,从而使六分量力传感器的精度得到可靠的保证。     

虚拟齿轮测量中心的碰撞算法

介绍了虚拟齿轮测量中心的概念,同时根据齿轮测量中心测头形式将测头与工件碰撞检测分为触测式碰撞和连续扫描式碰撞,结合国内外的碰撞检测算法,分析算法在虚拟齿轮测量中心两种碰撞检测中的应用.     

快速成型技术中分层算法的研究综述

作为快速成型技术中必不可少的环节,根据对零件制造精度和装配要求及效率的侧重不同,多年来多种分层算法已被国内外学者开发出来。在同等加工条件下,根据加工精度要求和层厚变化的不同,将分层算法大致分为等层厚分层算法和适应性分层算法两类。从常用的立体光刻(STL)模型、原始计算机辅助设计(CAD)模型和点云数据3种数据模型入手,简述了两类分层算法的研究和发展;介绍了采用斜边的分层算法、基于区域划分的混合算法、曲面分层算法等先进分层算法;讨论了分层算法中待解决的问题:直接分层算法的文件格式标准和轮廓的精确拟合等问题。最后,总结得出了分层算法未来的研究方向和趋势。     

气化炉三维扫描测量与数据处理

以德士古气化炉耐火砖的内壁蚀损检测设备为基础,对采集到的点云数据做了进一步处理.通过对数据的筛选和剔除,实现了数据点的平滑降噪细化和精简.然后利用点云对整、网格划分和分色显示等方法,最终完成了内壁腐蚀情况的三维建模.重点讨论了点云数据的预处理及后处理的方法,并根据内壁耐火砖的腐蚀阈值,提出了一种气化炉内壁腐蚀区域的识别与分割方法.对耐火砖的腐蚀分析、气化炉的生产与维修提供了可靠依据,并在工程应用中获得了一致认可.     

Mass spectrometry analysis of the influenza virus

The role of mass spectrometry to probe characteristics of the influenza virus, and vaccine and antiviral drugs that target the virus, are reviewed. Genetic and proteomic approaches have been applied which incorporate high resolution mass spectrometry and mass mapping to genotype the virus and establish its evolution in terms of the primary structure of the surface protein antigens. A mass spectrometric immunoassay has been developed and applied to assess the structure and antigenicity of the virus in terms of the hemagglutinin antigen. The quantitation of the hemagglutinin antigen in vaccine preparations has also been conducted that is of importance to their efficacy. Finally, the characterization and quantitation of antiviral drugs against the virus, and their metabolites, have been monitored in blood, serum, and urine. The combined approaches demonstrate the strengths of modern mass spectrometric methods for the characterization of this killer virus. [This article was published online 10 September 2008. An error was subsequently identified. This notice is included in the online and print versions to indicate that both have been corrected 7 November 2008.]     

Histochemical and ultrahistochemical localization of heavy metals in calf organs

Cadmium, zinc, selenium, and copper were administered, singly or in combination, orally or subcutaneously. Experiment I included 32 calves of both sexes; six received Cd (two groups), Zn, Cd, and Zn, and Cd and Se (two groups) and one group was a control. In Experiment II (21 bulls), three were given Cd, Cd, and Cu, and Cd and Zn, respectively, and one group was a control. For light microscopy, in Experiment I the highest amounts of silver granules were present in the samples of liver, small intestine, and vesicular gland of all the exposed groups; in Experiment II the most affected organs were liver, kidney, and small intestine. For electron microscopy, in Experiment I, after administration of Cd and Zn, the highest amounts of granules were seen in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes and cells of the proximal and distal renal tubules and the lowest amounts were found in glandular cells of the pancreas. Administration of Cd and Se resulted in the presence of large numbers of granules in the nuclei and nucleoli of spermatogonies. In Experiment II, ingestion of Cd and Zn in feed led to the appearance of highest amounts of granules in the nucleoli, nuclei, and cytoplasm of cells in testes, kidneys, and pancreas. Following Cd intake, the highest accumulation of granules was observed in the nucleoli of hepatocytes and cells of the proximal and distal renal tubules. Combined Cd and Cu produced the highest number of granules in cells of the proximal and distal renal tubules and in the nucleoli and nuclei of germinal epithelium.     

软体足式机器人驱动、建模与仿真研究综述

软体足式机器人因其优越的移动性能及面对复杂地形的通过能力受到越来越多研究者的关注。由于受到材料性质、驱动方法及制造工艺等多方面的限制,如何实现软体足式机器人的创新结构设计,提升软体机器人的运动速度和负载能力是目前亟待解决的问题之一。综述从仿生结构与驱动方法的角度对目前软体足式机器人的研究发展进行了系统阐述。由于软体机器人多为连续变形结构,加之软材料的物理非线性和软结构变形的几何非线性,力学建模与仿真一直是软体机器人研究领域的瓶颈。梳理了目前软体机器人的主要建模理论,总结了软体机械臂的建模与控制方法,进一步将其拓展到软体足式机器人的系统建模中。介绍了传统商业软件的应用与物理仿真引擎开发的进展,分析了软体机器人虚拟仿真的主要方法,展望了软体足式机器人的应用场景与未来研究方向。     

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF NOVEL ACTIVE ACTUATOR TO CONTROL LOW FREQUENCY VIBRATIONS OF SHAFT SYSTEM

Aiming at providing with high-load capability in active vibration control of large-scale rotor system, a new type of active actuator to simultaneously reduce the dangers of low frequency flexural and torsional vibrations is designed. The actuator employs electro-hydraulic system and can provide a high and circumferential load. To initialize new research, the characteristics of various kinds of active actuators to control rotor shaft vibration are briefly introduced. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the preliminary results via presenting the structure, functions and operating principles, in particular, the working process of the electro-hydraulic system of the new actuator which includes a set of high speed electromagnetic valves and a series of sloping cone-shaped openings, and presenting the transmission relationships among the control parameters from control signals into the valves to active load onto shaft. The course of the work is dynamic, and a series of spatial forces and moments are put on the shaft to get an external resultant force to reduce excitations that induce vibration of shafts. By checking states of vibration, the actuator can control the impulse width and the interval of injection time for applying different control force to a vibration shaft in two circumference directions through the regulating action of a set of combination directional control valves. The results from simulating analysis and experiment show evidence of that this design can satisfy the case of active process of decreasing of flexural and torsional vibrations.     

不同因素对汽车传动离合器接合过程影响分析

离合器是汽车传动系统的重要组成部分,其接合过程直接影响到车辆起步性能和动力传递,并影响系统各单元的使用寿命。针对离合器接合过程的特点,对滑摩状态和接合状态进行动力学分析,建立系统的动力学模型;从滑摩功和冲击度两个方面对离合器接合过程进行评价,获取影响换挡品质的评价指标因素;根据动力模型和数学模型,基于Simulink建立离合器接合过程的分析模型;研究不同坡度及载重等因素对离合器接合过程中摩擦片的角速度、滑摩功及冲击度的影响,获取各因素的影响规律。结果可知:随着油门开度和油门变化率的逐渐增大,离合器接合角速度和接合时间都有所增大,接合过程产生的滑摩功也不断增多;随着起步坡度、载重的增大,离合器接合角速度逐渐减小,接合时间逐渐增大,接合过程产生的滑摩功也不断增多;分析过程和结果为此类设计提供参考。     

The effect of basic nitrogen compounds on the tribological performance of sulphurised olefin

The effect of the molecular structure of basic nitrogen compounds on the lubricating properties of sulphurised olefin has been investigated using a Timken tester. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX) were used to study the chemical states of sulphur and nitrogen on the rubbed surfaces and the reaction rates of sulphur and iron separately. It was found that the antiwear and friction reduction properties of sulphurised olefin are greatly influenced by the different molecular structures of the basic nitrogen compounds. A composite additive package containing basic nitrogen compounds with sulphurised olefin can produce either synergistic or antagonistic effects, due to the influence of the different molecular structures of the basic nitrogen compounds. XPS analysis revealed that a tribochemical protective film containing nitrogen and sulphur was formed on the rubbed surface. EDAX analysis indicated that the reaction rates between elemental sulphur and iron were influenced by the different molecular structures of the basic nitrogen compounds. It was found that the apparent reaction rates of elemental sulphur and iron are related to the tribological characteristics of the additive package.     

基于刚柔耦合的高方平筛动力学建模与振动模态分析

针对高方平筛和其上固结的柔性吊杆组成的动力学系统,进行了刚柔耦合的动力学建模和振动模态分析。将筛体—偏重块系统和吊杆分别作为刚体和弹性的可变形体,建立了筛体稳态圆振动方程和吊杆悬臂梁力学模型,总结出系统固有频率的计算方法。在此基础上,采用有限元方法对系统进行了模态计算和动力学响应分析。结果表明,理论模型能够很好地反映筛体与吊杆之间的动力学耦合关系;以理论分析为基础的载荷和边界条件的设置,使有限元仿真结果较准确地模拟了系统实际的振动特性。     

三种海上风力机支撑基础与船舶碰撞的动力响应分析

建立了5 MW海上风力机与船舶碰撞模型,采用非线性动力学理论,对比和分析3种海上风力机支撑基础在不同速度船舶撞击下结构的抗撞性能及塔顶的风力机响应特性。结果表明：相对于三角架基础和导管架基础,单柱基础海上风力机位移和加速度响应更加明显;碰撞过程中,不仅碰撞区域发生变形,而且管桩连接部位、斜撑杆交叉处也有较明显的应变产生,应在设计过程中对这些部位进行加固。由海上风力机支撑基础撞击深度和接触力可知,导管架基础的抗撞性能最好。     

增压器涡轮叶片疲劳蠕变寿命预测方法

根据径流式增压器涡轮的结构与工作特点,分析了涡轮叶片的载荷与应力空间分布特征;针对增压器涡轮由疲劳与蠕变交互作用引起的叶根断裂失效模式,研究了增压器涡轮叶片叶根的载荷与应力变化历程,建立了涡轮叶片叶根的载荷与应力描述方法;然后建立了增压器涡轮叶片叶根疲劳蠕变寿命预测方法及模型,并运用建立的模型对增压器涡轮叶片叶根进行了寿命评估。