生活垃圾卫生填埋技术模糊综合评价方法研究

结合我国生活垃圾卫生填埋技术的发展现状,将模糊综合评价的技术评价体系应用到生活垃圾的卫生填埋技术,建立了模糊综合评价指标体系,并利用实例进行了验证,结果现实与实际情况符合,证明所建立的模型和指标具有一定的信度和效度,对实践具有重要的指导意义。     

废弃混凝土处理方式的环境影响比较

废弃混凝土处理过程的环境影响是辅助废弃混凝土管理决策的重要依据。采用生命周期评价方法,对废弃混凝土再生骨料利用、再生原料利用、基础填料利用和填埋四种方式的环境影响,进行了核算。其中,生命周期影响评价方法采用“中点法”计算生命周期环境影响状况,并通过社会支付意愿的概念将生命周期影响状况结果转化为以货币价值表示的单一环境影响分值。结果表明:在材料替代的前提下,废弃混凝土再生骨料利用的环境影响最低,最能体现废弃混凝土的资源价值。目前西宁市建筑垃圾填埋弃置的收费标准,不能弥补填埋造成的环境影响,亦不足以改善废弃混凝土的再生利用。     

绿色建筑部品全生命周期成本与效益评价方法研究

提出全生命周期成本效益评价方法包括费用效益法和费用估算方法,以及这些方法的使用范围和使用现状。根据全生命周期评价理论与建筑部品全生命周期阶段划分,重点研究绿色建筑部品全生命周期评价技术路线,以及绿色建筑部品全生命周期各阶段成本与效益评价方法。得出科学的绿色建筑部品全生命周期成本和效益的评价方法有利于促进绿色建筑事业的长远健康发展。     

基于土地集约使用的垃圾填埋场全生命周期实践

在城市土地集约化利用的背景下,垃圾填埋场作为市政基础设施,从全生命周期视角对其进行土地集约使用的实践具有重要的现实意义。因此,在梳理垃圾填埋场全生命周期管理与土地集约使用的文献研究基础上,对垃圾填埋场全生命周期进行了界定与四阶段划分;详细阐述了场址选择、用地规模确定、总图布置、垃圾坝选择、填埋作业和封场利用等5个环节中土地集约使用实践的要点与保障措施。该应用实践成果对垃圾填埋场全生命周期土地集约使用的实践具有一定的指导意义和参考价值。     

德国Rostock生态居住区设计及全生命周期分析

一．引言 1建筑全生命周期分析的概念 全生命周期分析也叫全生命周期评价。这项技术是用来评价项目进行过程中每一个阶段的影响，包括原材料的生产，加工，运输，使用，维修维护，废弃处理或者循环使用。全生命周期评价可以被看作是从产品角度对整个社会生态可持续发展提供战略性全局观的工具。它的结果是以分析报告的形式表现出来的——利用颜色来代替数据——这样使公司可以看到现今产品在可持续发展原则全生命周期内下对环境的主要影响。全生命周期评价可以帮助公司避免对环境，社会以及经济做出狭隘的判断。     

我国城市生活垃圾处理技术的探究

垃圾填埋技术与人们的生活息息相关,随着经济的高速发展,生活垃圾也与日俱增。对垃圾的合理处理引起了社会广泛的关注。本文将会分析我国广泛应用的垃圾填埋技术-卫生填埋、焚烧、堆肥,以及垃圾填埋技术的新进展。     

建设方驱动模式的BIM实施全生命周期管理及目标评价方法研究

建设单位驱动模式的BIM实施项目是实现BIM在项目全生命周期完整实施的主要模式。在建筑项目全生命周期内应用BIM技术,有利于参建各方尤其是建设方极大地节约资金成本和时间成本,并使绿色建筑的理念得以贯彻实施。因此,分析了以建筑工程全生命周期管理BLM理念为基础的建筑工程项目全生命周期BIM实施的管理架构、管理流程及内容、文档管理等,并研究了项目全生命周期BIM实施目标评价的指标体系及目标评价方法。     

基于全生命周期的建筑节能多级模糊综合评价分析

讨论了基于全生命周期的建筑节能多级模糊综合评价的相关问题,以求为未来建筑节能设计提供理论支撑,分析了全生命周期建筑节能评价指标体系的构建方法,探讨了全生命周期建筑节能评价指标的相关内容,最后建立多级模糊综合评价模型,对建筑节能的相关问题进行评述。     

底部开放的半封闭卫生填埋设计思想

全封闭卫生填埋是目前流行的城市固体废弃物最终处置方法之一。但是由于技术和经济方面的原因,该方法在实际应用中存在不少问题。笔者提出底部开放的半封闭卫生填埋设计思想,阐述了发展这种填埋方式的合理性和必要性,分析了填埋场渗滤液经由土壤和周围水体的衰减机制,对渗滤液总量控制技术和尚待研究的其它问题进行了讨论。     

全生命周期视角下的战略采购成本管理

战略采购的实施,应在集中市场与资源的基础上,更加着眼于对物料供应的细分、对供应商的评价和管理以及对战略采购全生命周期成本的分析,从而为企业争取明显的竞争优势。本文介绍了全生命周期成本管理理论在战略采购中的应用逻辑,结合物料细分理论构建了全生命周期成本因素分析模型。在此基础上提出现阶段战略采购面临的突出问题,包括全生命周期成本数据收集与整合困难,缺少专业、客观的分析工具,缺乏基于全生命周期理念的采购决策与策略调整。最后,从战略采购流程机制改进、供应商评价、战略供应商管理模式优化和技术环境建设等角度,提供可供参考的解决方案。     

面向健康诊断的工程项目全生命期信息管理研究

针对当前工程技术系统的健康诊断分专业、成本高、实用性较差、效果不理想等问题,本文运用工程项目全生命周期理论、项目结构分解以及集成管理理论,构建了面向健康诊断的工程项目全生命期信息系统模型,确立工程项目各专业技术系统及全生命期各个阶段的集成信息系统框架和信息管理机制,并为运用该模型信息体系进行工程项目的健康诊断提出了一些具体建议。     

建筑业企业转型升级模式研究

随着经济发展进入新常态,建筑业也步入增速换挡、结构调整、动力转换的攻坚期。新常态下,伴随建筑业变革而来的工程总承包、全生命周期管理等模式,为行业转型升级注入强大活力。对建筑业企业转型升级的典型模式及影响因素进行归纳,从资源、技术创新、资本积累、战略管理和文化品牌5 个层面建立了企业转型升级指标体系并运用模糊层次分析法（FAHP）为指标赋权。引入灰色关联-TOPSIS 模型选择适合于企业的转型升级模式。并运用实例分析验证了模型的适用性,以期为企业的战略规划制定和高质量发展提供指导。     

A prototype whole-life value optimization tool for façade design

Façade design is a cross-disciplinary multi-objective optimization process. The major barrier to devising an optimal façade solution is the evaluation of the true values of alternative façade design options. A simple approach is to focus on a limited number of design criteria that can be evaluated through mono-disciplinary commercial software, while overlooking other cross-disciplinary design criteria. This paper describes a prototype whole-life value optimization tool for façade design, which accounts for the functional, financial, and environmental sustainability of alternative façade options. The tool adopts an integrated approach involving accurate simulation, systematic parametric analysis, and automatic design optimization. The tool is trialled on a real-world façade design project, and it successfully identified optimal façade solutions that outperform the original solutions obtained from the conventional façade design process.     

Construction sector views on low carbon building materials

As is the case in a number of countries, the UK construction industry faces the challenge of expanding production whilst making ambitious greenhouse gas emission reductions. Embodied carbon constitutes a growing proportion of whole-life carbon emissions and accounts for a significant share of total UK emissions. A key mitigation strategy is increasing the use of alternative materials with lower embodied carbon. The economic, technical, practical and cultural barriers to the uptake of these alternatives are explored through a survey of construction professionals and interviews with industry leaders. Perceptions of high cost, ineffective allocation of responsibility, industry culture, and the poor availability of product and building-level carbon data and benchmarks constitute significant barriers. Opportunities to overcome these barriers include earlier engagement of professionals along the supply chain, effective use of whole-life costing, and changes to contract and tender documents. A mounting business case exists for addressing embodied carbon, but has yet to be effectively disseminated. In the meantime, the moral convictions of individual clients and practitioners have driven early progress. However, this research underscores the need for new regulatory drivers to complement changing attitudes if embodied carbon is to be established as a mainstream construction industry concern.     

基于破损形态控制的RC结构耐久性设计体系

混凝土结构的耐久性设计直接关切到结构耐久性能,目前结构耐久性研究还没有形成设计体系,仅仅局限于环境区划、材料制备及结构寿命的理论分析状态.通过对混凝土结构耐久性的分析,确定把破损形态作为混凝土结构耐久性极限状态的控制目标.本着结构全寿命设计理念,基于结构抗力与环境作用的时变性,提出了极限破损状态控制目标的结构全寿命、分阶段的耐久性设计体系,以期完善结构耐久性设计体系.     

Using BIM to integrate and achieve holistic future-proofing objectives in healthcare projects

Future-proofing (FP) as a proactive initiative for asset management is an urgent need against uncertainty, particularly in health care due to unforeseeable demographic shifts and rapid advances in medical technology. Building information modelling (BIM) is a data-driven initiative, but a rigorous analysis between them will indicate that a synergy exists. The aim of this study is to develop a classification ontology of the interactions between FP and BIM by considering the perceptions of health care construction experts. Interviews with 13 senior managers were conducted adopting the method of interpretative phenomenological analysis and an interaction matrix of BIM capabilities for implementing holistic FP objectives has been developed. The outcome is a taxonomy analysis of 30 interactions with supporting empirical evidence which was further measured quantitatively. For benefits realization in the context of BIM and FP, the industry experts recognize FP as a strategy that supports organizational and building performance. BIM drives towards life cycle operation information and data maintainability via communicating the FP strategy from a whole-life perspective and ensuring knowledge transfer across all stages. Health care Operators and construction experts should be able to benefit from this taxonomy analysis as an aid to planning for FP throughout their BIM processes.     

Bridge Annual Maintenance Prioritization under Uncertainty by Multiobjective Combinatorial Optimization

Abstract:   Bridge managers are facing ever-increasing tasks of prioritizing limited budgets to cost-effectively maintain normal functionality of a huge inventory of deteriorating civil infrastructures such as highway bridges over the life cycle. A satisfactory maintenance planning scenario should meet managers' specified requirements for the optimum balance between whole-life costing and structural performance. This article presents a general computational procedure to prioritize on an annual basis maintenance efforts for deteriorating reinforced concrete bridge crossheads over a designated time horizon. Within each year, none or one of the available maintenance types with different performance improvement capabilities could be applied and the time of application for any maintenance intervention is considered to be uniformly distributed within a 1-year time interval. Effects of uncertainties associated with bridge crosshead deterioration processes with and without maintenance interventions are considered by means of Monte Carlo simulation to predict probabilistically structural performance and life-cycle maintenance cost. The resulting combinatorial optimization problem is automated by a multiobjective genetic algorithm. It produces a group of different sequences of annualized maintenance interventions that lead to optimized tradeoff among condition, safety, and life-cycle cost objectives. This enables bridge managers to determine a preferred annual maintenance prioritization solution by comparing different alternatives.     

基于动态可靠度的桥梁性能分析

在研究了现有混凝土桥梁抗力和荷载时变性的基础上,建立了桥梁动态可靠性的随机过程模型,并利用蒙特卡罗方法计算寿命周期内的动态可靠指标,同时,利用此模型对一座基于全寿命设计理念的试验桥进行时变性能对比分析与寿命预测,对合理、经济、科学的制定维护时间与维护方案具有重要的指导意义。     

由典型建筑静力坍塌事故思考应急管理及救援发展

对以"美国佛罗里达州迈阿密戴德县某高层公寓坍塌事故"为代表的建筑静力坍塌事故进行资料搜集及剖析,结合当前国内部分建筑已进入"中老年"时期的背景下,建议从政策制度制定、技术攻关、装备研发与配置方面系统提升在役建筑的全寿命消防安全等级,防范化解建筑坍塌风险及提高坍塌事故救援处置能力.     

土木工程学科虚拟实验室的整体框架研究和软件系统开发

在我国高校普遍存在实验室资源不足的背景下,本文对建设土木工程学科虚拟实验室进行探索研究。提出了土木工程学科虚拟实验室的建设思路、架构和网络部署模型及虚拟实验课程框架等土木工程学科虚拟实验室整体框架。并开发了土木工程学科虚拟实验室系统,还对建筑认知实验课程、工程施工管理类实验课程、PKPM建筑全生命系列实训课程等典型虚拟实验课程的开发和应用进行了详细介绍。该系统已在国内几十家高校中得到应用,为国内土木工程学科实验教学提供了新思路。