二维金纳米阵列制备及其光学响应

有序贵金属纳米结构由于其本身所特有的光学响应及灵活调控能力,在微纳光电子材料与器件研究领域得到了广泛应用。在众多相关研究中,如何实现金（Au）纳米周期结构的大面积快速制备是人们关心的重要问题之一。采用纳米球自组装刻蚀方法,在大孔周期结构模板内部成功制备了新型二维Au纳米阵列,并有效避免了杂散Au纳米颗粒的产生。通过进一步的工艺优化和参量控制,实现了Au纳米颗粒尺寸的灵活调控,并探讨了其结构形成的物理机理。光学测试研究结果揭示了二维Au纳米阵列的表面等离子体吸收与散射响应,并证明其在近红外飞秒脉冲激励下具有显著的双光子吸收（饱和）效应。该研究结果在太阳能电池,光开关及材料微纳制备等领域具有潜在应用。     

空心微球结构材料的制备及应用

综述了国内外空心微球结构材料的制备方法,包括自组装法、模板-界面聚合法、喷雾反应法、乳液法等。对空心微球结构材料在不同领域中的最新研究进展做了评述。     

溅射法制备纳米薄膜材料及进展

溅射技术以其在制备薄膜中的独特优点,成为获得高性能纳米材料的重要手段.本文介绍了离子束溅射和磁控溅射技术的基本原理、方法及其在制备纳米材料中的应用和优点,以国内外这方面的最新进展.文章最后对我国纳米材料今后的应用及发展前景进行了展望.     

纳米半导体材料的制备技术

介绍了纳米半导体材料的定义、性质及其在未来信息技术中的地位,讨论了纳米半导体材料的制备方法。     

半导体纳米结构的光学性质及其应用

1 SiGe/Si基纳米结构对含有Ge和SiGe纳米岛（量子点）的硅基纳米结构的兴趣日益增长，可用它们新近发现的光敏性质和光发射性质来解释，特别是固溶体SiGe是制造中红外(3~5.5 μm)和远红外(8~13μm)区探测器有前途的材料。改变SiGe的成分、厚度和掺杂程度，可以控制亚带内和亚带间红外吸收带的位置和强度（В. С. Аврутин,俄科院微电子学与超纯物质工艺问题研究所）。1992年以前形成这种结构的主要方法是最小尺寸受限制的光刻法。在Si-Ge异质系统块状体中自发形成的纳米岛的整合效应可得到极限尺寸(10~100 nm)的量子点，并导致…     

半导体纳米结构的新光电子学性质

纳米光子学国际会议于 1 999年 3月在俄罗斯科学院微结构物理研究所的所在地下诺夫戈罗德举行。这已是有关半导体纳米结构物理的第二次会议。第一次会议于 1 998年召开。会上讨论两个方向的现状。第一 ,与以硅 (Si Ge、Si/A3B5、Si/Ge/C、Si/Ge/Sn、Si/Si O2 量子阱和量子点 )、多孔硅和含有稀土元素的纳米晶体硅为基础的异质结构的光电子学性质基础有关的物理现象 ,相应的纳米结构生长工艺和特性 ;第二 ,在具有量子阱的半导体结构中的热载流子在强电场和磁场中的非平衡、反转分布及带内光学跃迁的物理问题 ,包括反转机理和在中、远红…     

纳米CeO_2的制备方法及应用研究进展

综述了纳米CeO2的几种主要制备方法及其研究进展,并介绍了纳米CeO2的主要应用领域和研究前沿。     

TiO2纳米薄膜的制备及应用进展

TiO2纳米薄膜在光催化、传感、环境工程等领域具有广阔的应用前景，本文根据国内外的研究报道及作者对TiO2纳米薄膜的研究，简单地介绍了它的制备方法和应用。     

Si基纳米结构的电子性质

各种Si基纳米发光材料在Si基光电子器件及其全Si光电子集成技术中具有潜在的应用前景,从理论和实验上对其电子结构进行研究,有助于我们深化对其发光机制的认识与理解。本文主要从量子限制效应发光这一角度,着重介绍了Si纳米晶粒、Ge/Si量子点,SiO2/Si超晶格和超小尺寸Si纳米团簇等不同Si基纳米结构的电子性质以及它们与发光特性之间的关系。还讨论了介质镶嵌和表面钝化对其电子结构的影响。     

Structural and Functional Adaptive Artificial Bone: Materials,Fabrications, and Properties

It is an urgent need that defect repair can develop from simple device fixation to living tissue reconstruction, from short life function replacement to permanent regeneration repair. At present, bone transplantation has become the second largest transplantation surgery after blood transfusion, and artificial bone transplantation generates great hope for the repair and treatment of bone defect. In order to repair bone defect, artificial bone must have good biological properties and sufficient mechanical properties, and it should also have the shape matching to bone defect site and the connected porous structure. For structures and properties requirements of artificial bone, in this review three major challenges faced by artificial bone transplantation are systemtically analyzed and current methods and strategies to address these issues are discussed: 1) the need for developing a type of bone scaffold material with both biological and mechanical properties, 2) the need for realizing the controllable fabrication of individual shape and multistage pore structure of bone scaffold, 3) the need for realizing the transformation from man-made structure to biological structure. Besides, it summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of these methods and discusses the potential future directions of structural and functional adaptive artificial bone for bone defect regeneration.     

激光辐照改变功能材料物理性质

本文系统地介绍了近年来国内外应用激光辐射改变功能材料电、光、磁等物理性质的研究工作，涉及半导体材料、介电材料、高温超导材料和磁性材料等方面；分析了激光辐射改变材料物理性质的机理；讨论了该项技术的发展前景和存在的问题；指出；应用激光辐照技术，有选择地改变材料辐照层结构，以获得所需材料表层的物理性质，应是这一领域的主要研究目标。     

Functional Textiles with Smart Properties: Their Fabrications and Sustainable Applications

Benefiting from inherent lightweight, flexibility, and good adaptability to human body, functional textiles are attracting tremendous attention to cope with wearable issues in sustainable applications around human beings. In this feature article, a comprehensive and thoughtful review is proposed regarding research activities of functional textiles with smart properties. Specifically, a brief exposition of highlighting the significance and rising demands of novel textiles throughout the human society is begun. Next, a systematic review is provided about the fabrication of functional textiles from 1D spinning, 2D modification, and 3D construction, their diverse functionality as well as sustainable applications, showing a clear picture of evolved textiles to the readers. How to engineer the compositions, structures, and properties of functional textiles is elaborated to achieve different smart properties. All these tunable, upgraded, and versatile properties make the developed textiles well suited for extensive applications ranging from environmental monitoring or freshwater access to personal protection and wearable power supply. Finally, a simple summary and critical analysis is drawn, with emphasis on the insight into remaining challenges and future directions. With worldwide efforts, advance and breakthrough in textile functionalization expounded in this review will promote the revolution of smart textiles for intelligence era.     

2-2型PZT/环氧树脂复合压电材料的研究

采用浇注法制备出了并联式2-2型PZT-环氧树脂复合压电材料,对其相关性能进行研究,结果表明,浇铸发生固化反应的最佳配比工艺为环氧树脂与聚酰胺650体积比为4∶1,室温下固化3~5天。复合材料的介电损耗随着测试频率的增大而下降并趋于稳定;随着锆钛酸铅(PZT)含量的增加,压电常数(d33)、介电常数(ε)、介电损耗(tanδ)数值均逐渐增大。在1kHz的测试频率下,复合材料的d33=146.5pC/N,ε=2 100,tanδ=0.090。弯曲强度(σf)=162.2 MPa。当复合材料的PZT的体积分数为63.5%时,σf=162.2 MPa,挠度为6%~10%。     

Functional Materials for Memristor-Based Reservoir Computing: Dynamics and Applications

The booming development of artificial intelligence (AI) requires faster physical processing units as well as more efficient algorithms. Recently, reservoir computing (RC) has emerged as an alternative brain-inspired framework for fast learning with low training cost, since only the weights associated with the output layers should be trained. Physical RC becomes one of the leading paradigms for computation using high-dimensional, nonlinear, dynamic substrates. Among them, memristor appears to be a simple, adaptable, and efficient framework for constructing physical RC since they exhibit nonlinear features and memory behavior, while memristor-implemented artificial neural networks display increasing popularity towards neuromorphic computing. In this review, the memristor-implemented RC systems from the following aspects: architectures, materials, and applications are summarized. It starts with an introduction to the RC structures that can be simulated with memristor blocks. Specific interest then focuses on the dynamic memory behaviors of memristors based on various material systems, optimizing the understanding of the relationship between the relaxation behaviors and materials, which provides guidance and references for building RC systems coped with on-demand application scenarios. Furthermore, recent advances in the application of memristor-based physical RC systems are surveyed. In the end, the further prospects of memristor-implemented RC system in a material view are envisaged.     

Neutral Stable Nitrogen-Centered Radicals: Structure,Properties, and Recent Functional Application Progress

Persistent and stable nitrogen-centered organic radicals, including non-heterocyclic/heterocyclic nitrogen-centered radicals and nitrogen-centered radical complexes, have attracted much attention due to their special multiple physical properties. Up to now, numerous nitrogen-centered radical materials have been developed and applied as functional materials in magnetic, electronic, optical, and biologic fields. This review aims to discuss their structural features, physical properties, and recent progress in materials applications. Finally, an outlook providing inspiration for the future development is given.     

氧化钒薄膜的性能和制备

为制备低相变温度、高相变特性的氧化钒薄膜,分析了氧化钒的结构,及其结构决定的特有相变,相变前后独特的光电性能及其应用。比较研究了各种制备方法,得到最低相变温度、最高的电阻变化率和电阻温度系数分别达24℃、105-、5.2%K-1,研究表明,掺杂改性及新的成膜工艺的研究是氧化钒薄膜的发展方向。     

电磁屏蔽材料的进展

文章介绍了电磁屏蔽的基本理论，近年来电磁屏蔽材料最新的发展情况，各种新型电磁材料的研究和应用，并对电磁屏蔽材料的研究和应用前景作了展望。     

Automotive Applications of Thermoelectric Materials

This report reviews several existing and potential automotive applications of thermoelectric technology. Material and device issues related to automotive applications are discussed. Challenges for automotive thermoelectric applications are highlighted.     

利用STM构建金属有机材料的纳米结构和改变电学性质

研究和开发利用扫描隧道显微镜(STM)对材料进行纳米尺度加工的功能，藉助于STM针尖和样品之间的强电场在金属有机络合物Ag-TCNQ薄膜表面构建了纳米点、纳米点阵和纳米线等纳米结构。伏安(I-U)特性曲线和扫描隧道的测试表明，在针尖强场作用后材料表面的局域电子态密度迅速增大，在电学上由高阻态转变为低阻态，这种效应可能归因于金属原子和有机分子之间的电荷转移。这些纳米结构展示了用作高密度存储器和纳米导线的可能性，有机导电材料将是未来纳米电子材料的理想候选者，而STM则将成为纳米电子学微细加工的有力工具。