正癸烷+正戊醇,+1-己醇,+庚醇二元混合物在293.15到363.15K和大气压力下的密度和粘度（英文）

Densities (ρ) and dynamic viscosities (η) for three binary mixtures of n-decane with 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol and 1-heptanol are presented at temperatures from 293.15 to 363.15 K and atmospheric pressure over the entire composition range. The density and viscosity are measured using a vibrating tube densimeter and a cylindrical Couette type rotating viscometer, respectively. Excess molar volumes (VE), viscosity deviations (Δη) and excess Gibbs energy of activation of viscous flow (ΔG*E) are calculated from the experimental measurements. Intermo-lecular and structural interactions are indicated by the sign and magnitude of these properties. Partial molar vol-umes and infinity dilution molar partial volumes are also calculated for each binary system. These results are correlated using Redlich–Kister type equations.     

1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑二氰胺盐离子液体的热稳定性和热分解动力学(英文)

Thermal stability and thermal decomposition kinetics of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([bmin+][N(CN) ]2-) were investigated using both isothermal and non-isothermal thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) under high pure nitrogen as carrier gas. The long-term thermogravimetric studies revealed that the highest temperature used should be 110 °C, at which [bmin+][N(CN)2-] lost less than 10% by mass in 10 hours. The non-isothermal activation energy values determined using Friedman and ASTM methods were (150±13) and (147±2) kJ·mol –1 , respectively. Multivariate non-linear-regression methods showed that expanded Fn and CnB models were the best fit models with highest correlation coefficient of 0.9994, and the apparent activation energies were consistent with iso-conversional methods.     

N-(4,6-二甲基嘧啶-2-基)苯胺盐的合成及生物活性研究

报道了20个N-(4,6-二甲基嘧啶-2-基)苯胺盐,其中19个未见文献报道。采用琼脂稀释法对它们进行了室内毒力测试,求出毒力回归方程。结果表明,该类化合物对多种植物病菌均有较好的抑菌和杀菌作用。讨论了N-(4,6-二甲基嘧啶-2-基)苯胺盐结构与生物活性的关系。     

蒽在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺和1-N-2-甲基吡咯烷酮中溶解度的测定与关联

用平衡法测定了蒽在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMA)和1-N-2-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)中20—95℃下的溶解度;应用UNIFAC法建立了蒽在DMF、DMA和NMP中的溶解度的模型方程,并采用MATLAB语言对模型方程进行了求解,计算得到了蒽在DMF、DMA和NMP中的溶解度。结果表明,实验测定值与模型计算值总体规律吻合较好,蒽在DMF、DMA和NMP中溶解度模型计算值和实验值的平均偏差分别为17.56%,15.24%和29.65%,UNIFAC可以预测蒽在DMF、DMA和NMP中的溶解特性,为蒽的溶剂法分离过程中溶剂的选择和工艺优化提供了一定的理论依据。     

蒽在N，N-二甲基甲酰胺、N，N-二甲基乙酰胺和1-N-2-甲基吡咯烷酮中溶解度的测定与关联

蒽是煤焦油中的重要组成部分，是精细化工的重要原料。采用溶剂法以粗蒽为原料分离精制高纯度蒽过程中，溶剂的合理选择和工艺条件的优化与蒽在溶剂中的溶解特性密切相关。因此。获得蒽在不同溶剂中的溶解特性对选择溶剂和改进工艺具有重要的指导意义。     

1-(3-(N-胱胺)丙基)-3-甲基咪唑溴离子液体的合成与表征

以1,3-二溴丙烷与N-甲基咪唑为原料,制备1-溴丙基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐离子液体。采用二叔丁基二碳酸酯保护胱胺的单侧氨基,然后再与1-溴丙基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐发生取代反应生成1-(3-(N-胱胺)丙基)-3-甲基咪唑溴离子液体;分别用核磁、红外对中间体和产物进行表征,结果表明我们成功合成了新型氨基功能化离子液体。     

TRFIA螯合剂中间体2,6-二(3′-溴甲基-1′-吡唑基)-4-溴吡啶的合成、分离与表征

以2,6-二（3-甲基-1-H-吡唑基）-4-溴吡啶为原料,经重氮化、溴化合成了新型时间分辨荧光免疫分析（TR-FIA）双功能螯合剂中间体2,6-二（3＇-溴甲基-1＇-吡唑基）-4-溴吡啶,通过IR、GC-MS1、HNMR和元素分析等对其结构进行了确认,探讨了合成条件及反应机理。同时,通过GC-MS1、HNMR和元素分析等对第一副产物4-溴-2-（3＇-溴甲基-1＇-吡唑基）-6-（3＇-甲基-1＇-吡唑基）吡啶的结构也进行了确认,以其为原料可继续合成目标化合物,大幅提高总产率。     

2-氯-5-氯甲基吡啶在不同溶剂中溶解度的测定与关联(英文)

2-Chloro-5-chloromethylpyridine is a crucial intermediate of pesticides. Its solid-liquid equilibrium data will provide essential support for industrial design and further theoretical studies. The solubilities of 2-chloro-5-chloromethylpyridine in water, methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, acetone, trichloromethane and toluene at different temperatures were measured using the synthetic method by a laser monitoring observation technique. The solubility data were correlated with the modified Apelblat equation and Wilson equation. The calculated values were in good agreement with the experimental values.     

N,N-二甲基-3-羟基-3-(2-噻吩基)丙胺的合成与拆分

以2-乙酰噻吩、多聚甲醛、二甲胺盐酸盐为起始原料合成3-二甲胺基-1-(2-噻吩基)-1-丙酮盐酸盐,然后经硼氢化钠还原,(S)-(+)-扁桃酸拆分,得到(S)-N,N-二甲基-3-羟基-3-(2-噻吩基)丙胺,总收率38.8%,e.e值95.6%。回收的扁桃酸可再应用于拆分。     

室温下离子液体中间体1-(3’-磺酸基)丙基-3-甲基咪唑盐的合成

在室温条件下合成离子液体中间体1-(3’-磺酸基)丙基-3-甲基咪唑盐。反应条件为:以丙酮为溶剂,1,3-丙磺酸内酯与N-甲基咪唑(1∶1.1,摩尔比)为原料,在室温下搅拌反应4 h。过滤后,向反应母液中可直接加入等摩尔比的两种反应原料循环使用。所得产品颗粒均匀,结晶度好。一次反应的产率为57.8%,滤液循环4次的总产率可达95%。以IR、1HNMR和MS表征产品的结构。该方法在室温进行,反应母液循环利用,具有操作简单、节约能源和溶剂用量少等优点。     

Densities,conductivities, and viscosities of aqueous solutions of N-hexyl,methylpyrrolidinium bromide and N-butyl,methylpyrrolidinium bromide at different temperatures

The densities, conductivities, and viscosities were measured for ternary solutions of N-hexyl, methylpyrrolidinium bromide ([PP1,6]Br)-N-butyl,methylpyrrolidinium bromide ([PP1,4]Br)-H2O and its binary...     

Densities and viscosities for ionic liquids [BMIM][BF4] and [BMIM][Cl] and their binary mixtures at various temperatures and atmospheric pressure

The density and viscosity of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [BMIM][BF₄] and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [BMIM][Cl] and their binary mixtures within the temperatures from 303.15 K to 323.15 K and at ambient pressure were determined in this work. The temperature dependences of density and viscosity were satisfactorily described with the linear model and the Vogel-Tammann-Fulcher type equation, respectively. The molar volume and viscosity of binary IL mixtures were predicted through ideal mixing rules showing that almost null deviations for IL mixtures were observed and their mixing was remarkably close to linear ideal behavior in the molar volumes, while comparatively large errors in viscosity occurred. Additionally, the molar volume of the investigated pure ILs and their mixtures could well be predicted by a predictive model presented by Valderrama et al. (Fluid Phase Equilib., 275 (2009) 145).     

Measurement and correlation of physical properties of aqueous solutions of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide,piperazine and their aqueous blends

The density, viscosity and refractive index of aqueous solutions of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAOH), pi-perazine (PZ) and their aqueous blends are determined at several temperatures (303.15 to 333.15 K). All these measured physicochemical properties decreases with an increase in temperature. The density data is used to cal-culate the coefficient of thermal expansion and excess molar volume of al aqueous binary and ternary solutions. The coefficient of thermal expansion increases with increase in temperatures and concentrations. The negativity of excess molar volume for al the aqueous solution decreased with increase in temperature. Each physical prop-erty is correlated with temperature by least square method and the corresponding coefficients for each property are presented. The prediction values from correlations for the physical properties are in good agreement with the experimental values.     

Electrical conductivities for four ternary electrolyte aqueous solutions with one or two ionic liquid components at ambient temperatures and pressure

Thiswork provides amethod to explore the transport property of the electrolyte aqueous solutionswith one or two ionic liquids, especially focus on their electrical conductivity. The conductivities were measured for the ternary systems NaCl–[C₆mim][Cl] (1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride)–H₂O, [C₆mim][BF₄]–[C₆mim][Cl]–H₂O, NaNO₃–[C₆mim][BF₄](1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate)–H₂O, and [C₄mim][BF₄] (1-butyl-3- methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate)–[C₆mim][BF₄]–H₂O, and their binary subsystems NaNO₃–H₂O, NaCl–H₂O, [C₆mim][BF₄]–H₂O, [C₆mim][Cl]–H₂O, and [C₄mim][BF₄]–H₂O, respectively. The conductivities of the ternary systems were also determined using generalized Young's rule and semi-ideal solution theory in terms of the data of their binary solutions. The comparison showed that the two simple equations provide good predictions for conductivity of mixed electrolyte solutions and the mixed ionic liquid solutions based on the conductivity of their binary subsystems.     

The role of the symmetry and the flexibility of the anion on the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ionic liquids☆

The transport properties of ionic liquids (ILs) are crucial properties in view of their applications in electrochem-ical devices. One of the most important advantages of ILs is that their chemical–physical properties and conse-quently their bulk performances can be well tuned by optimizing the chemical structures of their ions. This will require elucidating the structural features of the ions that fundamentally determine the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ILs. Here we showed for the first time that the“rigidity”, the order, and the compactness of the three-dimensional ionic networks generated by the anions and the cation head groups determine the formation and the sizes of the nanostructures in the apolar domains of ILs. We also found that the properties of ionic networks are governed by the conformational flexibility and the symmetry of the anion and/or the cation head group. The thermal stability of the nanostructures of ILs was shown to be con-trolled by the sensitivity of the conformational equilibrium of the anion to the change of temperature. We showed that the viscosity of ILs is strongly related to the symmetry and the flexibility of the constitute ions rather than to the size of the nanostructures of ILs. Therefore, the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ILs, especially the thermal stability of the nanostructures, can be fine-tuned by tailoring the symmetry and the conformational flexibility of the anion.     

Determination of physical properties for the mixtures of [BMIM]Cl with different organic solvents

Physical properties including refractive index, density, viscosity and conductivity for binary mixtures of 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) and different organic solvents at 298.15 K have been investigated. Ex-cess molar volumes have been calculated and obtained data has been fitted by the Redlich–Kister equation. The density and refractive index were found to increase with increasing concentration of [BMIM]Cl, however, excep-tions do exist as in the case of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)/[BMIM]Cl. For DMSO/[BMIM]Cl, the density decreases with increasing concentration. The addition of different organic solvents was able to disrupt the interactions within mixtures, leading to free mobility of ions. The free mobility of ions has been found to enhance conductivity and decrease viscosity to varying extents in al mixtures studied. It has been observed that solubility parameters, dielectric constants and composition of the solvents used play a vital role in determining the resultant properties. The data obtained wil play an important role in understanding the effect of the addition of organic solvents in ILs to enhance their applicability.     

Prediction of the density and viscosity in biodiesel blends at various temperatures

Biodiesel defined as mono-alkyl esters of vegetable oils and animal fats, has had a considerable development and great acceptance as an alternative fuel for diesel engines. Density and viscosity are two important physical properties to affect the utilization of biodiesel as fuel. In this work, mixtures of biodiesel and ultra low sulfur diesel (ULSD) were used to study the variation of density (ρ) and kinematic viscosity (η) as a function of percent volume (V) and temperature (T), experimental measurements were carried out for six biodiesel blends at nine temperatures in the range of 293.15-373.15 K. Both, density and viscosity increases because of the increase in the concentration of biodiesel in the blend, and both of them decrease as temperature increases. One empirical correlation was proposed to estimate the density: ρ = α·V + β·T + δ; and three empirical correlations were developed to predict the kinematic viscosity: η = exp[ln(γ) + ?·V + ω/T + λ·V/T²], η = exp[ln(γ) + ω/T + λ·V/T²] and η = exp[ln(γ) + ω/T + λ·V/T]. The corresponding parameters were optimized by the Levenberg-Marquardt method. The estimated values of density and viscosity are in good agreement with the experimental data because absolute average prediction errors of 0.02% and 2.10% were obtained in the Biodiesel(1) + ULSD(2) system studied in this work.     

Densities and Viscosities of Oleic Acid at Atmospheric Pressure

The densities of oleic acid were measured over the temperature range from (293 to 459) K at atmospheric pressure using a densimeter based on the modified hydrostatic weighing method. The dynamic viscosities of the same oleic acid sample were measured using a capillary viscometer (VPZ-2 m) in the range from (293 to 363) K at atmospheric pressure. The combined expanded uncertainty of the density, atmospheric pressure, viscosity, and temperature measurements at the 95% confidence level with a coverage factor of k = 2 is estimated to be 0.15%, 1.0%, 3.5%, and 15 mK, respectively. The values of uncertainty for density and viscosity include the effects of purity and calibration (total expanded uncertainty). These experimental data were used to develop wide-range correlations for the density and viscosity based on theoretically confirmed Arrhenius–Andrade and Vogel-Tamman-Fulcher (VTF) models. The value of the glass temperature ( T _g= 179.78 K.) for the oleic acid was estimated using the VTF parameters derived from the present viscosity measurements. To additionally validate the reliability of the measured density data, the same oleic acid samples were measured using the pycnometric method. The present study showed that the densities measured using the modified hydrostatic weighing densimeter (HWD) agree with the values obtained using the pycnometric method within 0.09% for Sample 1 and 0.25% for Sample 2.     

Synthesis,Characterization, Surface Properties and Micellization Behaviour of Imidazolium‐based Ionic Liquids

Ionic liquids (IL) have emerged as a prospective new material for a wide range of industrial applications, owing to their unique structures and properties. Hence, understanding the structure–property relationships of IL is very important for both fundamental and industrial applications. In this study, a series of imidazolium‐based IL with different chain lengths, namely C₈mimBF₄, C₁₀mimBF₄ and C₁₂mimBF₄, were synthesized. Their molecular structures were confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the IL synthesized were thermally stable in the desired temperature range. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) results of IL was analyzed in order to understand the effect of alkyl length on micellar size. Conductivity and surface tension measurements were carried out to determine the adsorption and aggregation characteristics in aqueous solutions. The influences of temperature as well as alkyl chain length on viscosity were also investigated. Surface adsorption parameters such as surface excess, minimum area, effectiveness and efficiency were also determined from equilibrium surface tension data. A careful analysis of the thermodynamic aspects of air‐ionic liquid aqueous systems reveals that free energies of adsorption are favoured over micellization for all systems.     

强缔合体系醋酸-水溶液密度和粘度测定及关联

测定了醋酸水二元体系常压下在298.15—363.15K时的密度和粘度数据,由密度数据计算出超额体积VE的值,并用Redlich Kister方程进行了回归;同时对粘度的数据也按超额性质的方法进行了处理,求出了不同温度不同组成下的ηE值。数据处理过程中发现,ηE/(x1x2)随组成没有变化,在不同温度下为一常数,根据这一特殊现象,建立了由纯物质的粘度数据来计算醋酸水体系在任意温度和组成下的粘度数据,并把所得粘度的计算值和实验值进行比较,120个数据点的平均相对误差为1.1%,结果比较满意。