海藻酸丙二醇酯对面团流变学和面包烘焙特性的影响

采用粉质仪、拉伸仪和质构分析仪研究添加不同比例(0.1%、0.2%、0.3%和0.4%)的海藻酸丙二醇酯(PGA)对面团流变学特性和面包烘焙特性的影响。结果表明,添加PGA能改善面团的粉质和拉伸特性,能显著提高面团的吸水率,延长面团的稳定时间,提高粉质评价指数,增大面团的延展性、拉伸阻力和拉伸比值。添加PGA能增大面包比容,显著提高面包的弹性,降低面包硬度,改善面包的口感,提高面包的感官评分。PGA添加量在0.2%~0.3%时,对面团和面包的改善效果最为显著,面包品质最好。     

香菇粉对烘焙食品品质的影响研究

香菇具有丰富的营养和保健价值,开发香菇烘焙食品具有重要价值。研究了香菇粉对面包、饼干、蛋糕品质的影响。结果表明,香菇粉添加量与面包、饼干和蛋糕的品质具有负相关作用,但适量添加对其品质影响不显著。香菇粉对面包、饼干和蛋糕的影响程度不一样,其中对面包的影响作用最大,其次是蛋糕,最后是饼干。在面包中添加香菇粉的适宜量为0～2%,在饼干中添加香菇粉的适宜量为0～8%,在蛋糕中添加香菇粉的适宜量为0～4%。在保证烘焙食品品质的前提下,可以适量添加香菇粉,提高烘焙食品的营养价值和保健价值。     

不同仪器品质指标与面包烘焙品质关系研究

利用面筋仪、粉质仪、吹泡仪及揉面仪测定了30个不同筋力小麦品种的面团流变学特性,并分析了各仪器品质指标间及其与面包烘焙品质的相关性.结果表明,大多数品质指标之间存在显著的相关性,并与面包烘焙品质存在极显著的相关性.进一步的因子分析和逐步回归分析表明,揉面仪的和面时间、面筋仪的湿面筋指数、粉质仪的弱化度、吹泡仪的韧性等是单一仪器反映面包烘焙品质的重要指标;而和面时间、峰积分(或8分钟积分)、湿面筋含量、弱化度、曲线形状等则可作为多种仪器反映面包烘焙品质的综合评判指标.各种仪器通过检测面团流变学特性反映面包烘焙品质的适合程度依次为揉面仪、面筋仪、粉质仪、吹泡仪.     

磷酸盐在烘焙食品中的应用

曲奇饼干、蛋糕,和面包等的烘焙食品中均可使用磷酸盐。例如,在酵母面包面团中,磷酸钙能起面团改良剂的作用,能改善面团的流变性质,控制pH使酵母保持最佳活性,在蛋糕的面糊料中,磷酸盐能抑制有害酶的活性;在面团、面糊料,和烘焙食品中,聚磷酸盐(尤指平均链长为18至34磷酸盐分子者)能抑制微生物。使用磷酸钙尚具有补充矿物质的作用。然而,磷酸盐在烘焙食品中的最广泛的用途是作为膨松剂中的酸     

谷氨酰胺转胺酶对大豆面包品质及加工特性的影响

研究在含12.5%大豆粉的面粉中添加不同水平的谷氨酰胺转胺酶(TG)(0.25%、0.50%、0.75%和1.00%)对形成面团的粉质特性、拉伸特性、超微结构以及面包烘焙品质的影响.结果表明:混合粉中添加不同水平的TG后与未加TG的混合粉相比,面团的吸水率增加,面团的形成时间和稳定时间增加,面团的弱化度有所下降.添加不同水平的TG后,面团的抗拉伸阻力Rax增加,延伸性下降.在0.50%～0.75%范围内添加TG可改善富含大豆粉面团的超微结构和面包的烘焙品质.     

小麦麸皮及面粉戊聚糖对面团特性及面包烘焙品质影响的比较研究

从小麦麸皮和面粉中分别制备水溶和水不溶戊聚糖，将其以0．5％的比例添加到面粉中，以研究其对面团特性及面包烘焙品质的影响。研究发现，小麦麸皮水溶戊聚糖对面团特性及面包烘焙品质的影响与面粉中的水溶戊聚糖相似，可明显改善面团特性及面包烘焙品质，主要体现在：可增加面团的粉质吸水量，增加面团的稳定时间，增加面包的体积，改善面包的内部质构；小麦麸皮水不溶戊聚糖对面团特性及面包烘焙品质有明显的弱化作用；而面粉中的水不溶戊聚糖则对面团特性及面包烘焙品质影响不大。     

小麦戊聚糖对面团特性及面包烘焙品质的影响

从小麦粉中分别制备水溶戊聚糖及碱溶戊聚糖,然后将它们分别以不同的比例添加到面粉中进行粉质实验和面包烘焙实验,研究其对面团特性和面包烘焙品质的影响。     

不同油莎豆粉及添加量对面团特性及面包品质的影响

分别将脱皮全脂油莎豆粉(PW)和脱皮脱脂油莎豆粉(PA)与面包粉复配并制作面包，研究不同油莎豆粉及添加量对面团特性和面包品质的影响。结果表明：以复配粉质量为基准，PW最佳添加量为15%,PA最佳添加量为20%,在此条件下，面团的粉质特性、糊化特性以及拉伸特性均在用于制作面包的可接受范围内。较对照组而言，PW添加量15%与PA添加量20%面包的硬度分别增加了55.09%、22.72%,咀嚼性分别增加了43.94%、19.78%;前者弹性显著增加，后者无显著变化，两者内聚性及回复性均无显著变化，比体积无明显下降，感官评分分别增加了14.50%、12.35%,其中主要是面包芯纹理结构及面包口感的评分增加。为不同油莎豆粉在面包中应用的可行性及条件优化提供了支持。     

发酵方法对面包烘焙品质的影响

有发酵法、一次发酵法研究了发酵方法对面包烘焙品质的影响。试验结果表明,发酵次数越多,发酵时间越长,面包的烘焙品质越好,主要表现在面包体积更大、面包芯质地更加细腻柔软、面包芯纹理结构更好。其中,二次发酵法、三次发酵法和过夜种子面团法的得分比较接近。综合比较,在面包工业中,二次发酵法和过夜种子面团法更加适合生产面包。     

油莎豆粉对小麦面粉流变特性和质构特性的影响

为研究油莎豆粉对面粉面团流变学特性及质构特性的影响,将油莎豆粉按一定比例添加至面粉中制成面团,采用粉质仪、拉伸仪和物性测定仪测定面团的性质。试验结果表明,随着油莎豆粉添加量的增大,面团的吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、拉伸曲线面积、拉伸阻力、延伸度表现为不同程度的下降,拉伸比例和弱化度不断增加。油莎豆粉添加量超过20%时,下降趋势较为明显。油莎豆粉对面粉粉质和面团的品质具有弱化作用。     

Effect of Ingredients on Rheological, Nutritional and Quality Characteristics of High Protein, High Fibre and Low Carbohydrate Bread

Effect of replacement of wheat flour with a combination of soy protein isolate, oat bran and chickpea flour (SPOBCP) at the levels of 20%, 40% and 60% and addition of combination of additives such as fungal ??-amylase, dry gluten powder, sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (CA) on the rheological and nutritional characteristics of bread was studied. Use of SPOBCP decreased farinograph dough stability, increased pasting temperature, decreased cold paste viscosity and overall quality score of bread. Scanning electron microscopy images showed higher degree of disruption of protein matrix in bread dough with 60% SPOBCP than 20% and 40% SPOBCP. Addition of 60% SPOBCP resulted in flat, uneven shaped bread with an overall quality score of 38 when compared with 54, 81 and 91 for breads with 40%, 20% and 0% SPOBCP, respectively. However, use of CA increased the strength of the dough and improved the overall quality of bread with 40% SPOBCP. Nutritional profile of bread with 40% SPOBCP?+?CA showed higher protein, in vitro protein digestibility, total dietary fibre, resistant starch, ??-glucan and lower starch hydrolysis index than control bread.     

海藻酸钠对面团特性及面包品质的影响

考察了海藻酸钠添加量对混合粉粉质特性、拉伸特性、糊化特性,以及对面包比容、含水量、硬度、弹性、感官品质的影响。结果表明,添加海藻酸钠可有效改善小麦粉面团的粉质特性、拉伸特性及糊化特性,提高面包的含水量,适量添加可有效提高面包比容、面包弹性及面包感官品质,降低面包硬度。综合分析添加海藻酸钠对混合粉粉质、拉伸和糊化特性以及对面包焙烤品质的影响,确定海藻酸钠最佳添加量为0.6%,为其在焙烤食品中的应用提供了理论依据。     

Effect of fortification of defatted soy flour on sensory and rheological properties of wheat bread

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of soy-fortified bread on the sensory and rheological properties. Ground defatted soy flour was blended with wheat flour at 3%, 7% and 12%. The organoleptic characteristics of soy-fortified wheat breads were carried out by taste panel. The effect of this fortification on the rheological properties of the resulting dough was investigated using farinograph and extensograph for quality assessment of the final product. The ash and protein contents of 3% and 7% wheat–soy bread blends increased compared with control. The results revealed that organoleptic characteristics score such as bendability, appearance, flavour and taste, crust texture and overall acceptability properties of bread containing 3% defatted soy flour was highest even though it is not significantly different. Therefore, we conclude that adding 3% or 7% defatted soy flour actually gives as good a loaf of bread as the 100% wheat bread with higher nutritional quality and acceptable consumer attitude with rheological and sensory characteristics.     

糯米粉添加量对复配粉的理化性质及馒头品质的影响

糯米粉由于直链淀粉含量很低而被赋予其独特的理化性质。将糯米粉与小麦粉进行复配,研究不同添加量对复配粉粉质特性、糊化黏度和面团流变学的影响,同时采用质构和感官评价的方法对馒头的品质进行评价,优化得到最佳复配比例。结果表明:随着糯米粉比例的增加,复配粉的峰值黏度、最低黏度、最终黏度和衰减值显著提高,糊化温度降低,面团的稳定性降低,粉质指数减小,同时改善了馒头的质地口感。当糯米粉添加量为10%~15%时使馒头的综合品质最佳,且对馒头的质构和感官特性有较大改善。     

紫苏面包粉的制备及其粉质特性分析

以面包专用粉为主料,添加紫苏油粕粉制备具有紫苏风味的紫苏面包粉,并添加适量的谷朊粉改善其粉质特性,采用粉质仪检测,以吸水量、形成时间、稳定时间和质量指数为考核指标,研究紫苏油粕粉和谷朊粉添加量对紫苏面包粉品质的影响。结果表明,紫苏油粕粉添加量10%,谷朊粉添加7%时,紫苏面包粉粉质最优:吸水量60.9%,形成时间10 min20s,稳定时间12min 36s,质量指数140。     

Effect of heat-moisture treated maize starch on the properties of dough and bread

Twenty percent of wheat flour was substituted with heat-moisture treated maize starch (HMT-M) or native maize starch (N-M), and the dough properties and the bread qualities were studied. Bread was baked with optimum (farinogram water absorption (63.0–66.4%)), 70% and 75% of water at the presence or absence of shortening. Elasticity of the dough with HMT-M decreased as compared with that of N-M and the control (without any maize starches) as measured by farinograph. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and viscograph results showed that HMT-M hardly swelled and gelatinized in the dough. Specific volume of bread and softness of crumb baked with optimum water absorption decreased by the substitution of HMT-M. Bread quality containing HMT-M was improved at 70% water absorption as compared with optimum water absorption. By the addition of shortening, the specific volume of bread baked with HMT-M increased and the grain structure became finer. However, the firmness of crumb baked with HMT-M at the presence or absence of shortening was the same. As a result, HMT-M is still needed to study further for its application in breadmaking.     

板栗面包的研制

将板栗加工成粉添加到面包粉中,研究其添加量对面包粉粉质、拉伸和面包质量的影响,通过粉质试验、拉伸试验和焙烤试验得出最佳添加量为5%。     

玉米粉配比对玉米-小麦混合粉及其馒头品质的影响

采用不同的配比将玉米粉与小麦粉搭配,通过测定玉米-小麦混合粉指标和馒头指标,以研究玉米粉对混合粉及其馒头品质的影响。结果表明:随着玉米粉比例的增加,混合粉的吸水率、稳定时间、粉质指数呈逐渐减小的趋势;最大抗延伸性、拉伸面积、沉降值、湿面筋、面筋指数也逐渐降低;峰值黏度、稀懈值、回升值、降落数值等都有所下降,而糊化温度和弱化度有所上升。玉米粉的使用在一定程度上影响了面团的流变学性能,降低了面筋的品质,但是在比例不超过15%时影响并不十分明显,辅以一定的改良技术,不但可以生产出食用品质优良的馒头,而且可以改善馒头的营养特性。     

大豆分离蛋白粉对面团流变学特性和馒头品质的影响研究

将大豆分离蛋白粉作为一种食品添加剂添加到小麦粉中,研究其对面团流变学特性和馒头品质的影响。实验结果得出,在小麦粉中添加大豆分离蛋白粉,可以明显地改善面团的稳定时间以及拉伸曲线面积和拉伸阻力。另外还可以提高馒头的品质,当在小麦粉中添加3%的大豆分离蛋白粉时,其对馒头品质有较好的改善作用。     

脱脂活性豆粉对面粉品质的影响

通过在面粉中添加一定比例的脱脂活性豆粉,研究了其对面粉流变学性质、快速粘度性质及馒头品质影响。粉质试验表明,脱脂活性豆粉可使面团的校正吸水率提高,稳定时间提高(除1.0%略低于空白外),形成时间缩短,粉质指数提高,弱化度降低;快速粘度特性结果表明,脱脂活性豆粉可使面粉峰值粘度、低谷粘度、崩解值和最终粘度降低,糊化温度(除2.5%)提高;馒头实验表明,脱脂活性豆粉可以提高馒头表面白度,增加成品质量和体积。