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建筑的地方化趋势与中国建筑 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
建筑的内涵十分丰富 ,构成建筑内涵的基本属性也非常多 ,众多的建筑属性在不同建筑上的表现有些具有相通之处 ,如建筑的物质属性 ,工程技术属性等 ,但作为艺术对象 ,建筑同时又具有社会文化属性 ,其具体表现就在它的民族性、地域性、历史性、时代性 ,以及艺术特征等方面。目前的建筑地方化主要在社会文化方面得到体现 ,而更具体更集中的又表现在建筑形态和造型艺术上。中国是一个历史悠久的封建制农业型国家 ,其社会格局及文化形态长期保持相对稳定 ,建筑文化也只能在这种大格局下得以确定并沿用。因此 ,中国的寺院、坛庙在建筑形态上非常接… 相似文献
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建筑文化是"内核"文化与"外缘"文化相互碰撞、交流和融合的产物.佛教建筑中国化正是外来文化与本土文化交融的成功典范,该文通过展示佛教建筑中国化历程反思当代中国建筑文化盲目崇外的现状. 相似文献
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随着经济全球化的发展趋势,我国传统的建筑文化逐渐被人们遗忘。目前我国的建筑文化出现了严重缺失的状况,在这种情况下,我们需要保护正在失落的传统建筑文明,并且还要将其继承、发扬。这并不代表中国反对外来建筑文化,建筑多元化是国家进步的体现,只是我们需要守住自己的根基,以传统建筑文化为主,外来建筑文化为辅。 相似文献
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建筑文化关联──中国传统建筑文化内涵 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
建筑是一种文化载体。纵观建筑历史长河,各个历史阶段的建筑都是作为一种文化现象深深地沉积下来。这些文化现象包括科学、艺术、宗教、道德、法律、风俗、习惯等等。它们都是人类物质与精神财富的沉淀,具有历史的延续性,同时反映着民族文化特征。本文从中国建筑伦理文化对空间组织的影响及中国传统建筑装饰两方面进行了论述。 相似文献
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从中国古代建筑的规制、数字构成、空间构成、色彩等方面对与中国古代建筑相关的文化因素进行了简单的分析,指出中国古代建筑之美不仅表现在单体建筑上的完整性与逻辑性,而且与中国传统文化相互交织影响,构成一种多元化的建筑文化. 相似文献
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通过BIM精细化设计, 使用统一的数据源, 保持整个设计过程数据的可持续性, 对设计各阶段进行优化, 使设计作品达到绿色建筑设计的要求。此外, 使用数字模拟软件Ecotect、Fluent、Abaqus、Pathfinder等对光照、风环境、荷载、人员疏散进行模拟分析, 并通过模拟结果来优化建筑开窗、建筑遮阳、建筑抗震、建筑疏散以及可再生能源的利用, 提升设计质量, 保证设计的安全性、节能性、环保性和可持续性, 使图书馆具有更适合学习和生活的室内外环境, 达到“人-建筑-自然”三者和谐共生。 相似文献
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Customers, the public generally, the water industry, its regulators and the government are aware that water can be a scarce and costly product. Resource planning and development must increasingly be viewed as a combined package of water efficiency in (a) use, (b) metering and tariff policy, (c) leakage reduction, and (d) physical schemes.
Droughts, fears over possible climate change, concerns about resources and the environment, a greater awareness of the role and costs of the water industry and statements by the Department of the Environment, the Office of Water Services, and the National Rivers Authority have added weight to this sensible shift in emphasis.
However, society needs reliable water supplies and cannot completely rely upon the uncertain impact that demand side-measures may bring about – nor, even where achieved and cost-effective, on the important savings in losses. New resource schemes can take many years to implement. Therefore, in order to ensure adequate and reliable supplies, plans for new schemes must be brought to a state of readiness, and, in many cases, implemented. 相似文献
Droughts, fears over possible climate change, concerns about resources and the environment, a greater awareness of the role and costs of the water industry and statements by the Department of the Environment, the Office of Water Services, and the National Rivers Authority have added weight to this sensible shift in emphasis.
However, society needs reliable water supplies and cannot completely rely upon the uncertain impact that demand side-measures may bring about – nor, even where achieved and cost-effective, on the important savings in losses. New resource schemes can take many years to implement. Therefore, in order to ensure adequate and reliable supplies, plans for new schemes must be brought to a state of readiness, and, in many cases, implemented. 相似文献
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With rapid urbanization in China, an increasing building density has squeezed the urban public space. Community streets are occupied by motor vehicles or other functions, and can no longer sufficiently support children to carry out safe and independent activities. As an important space for children’s daily natural contact and social activities, the lack of the spatial function of streets results in a decline in children’s subjective initiative and social abilities. The United Nations has stressed the importance of community as the basic unit of space for children’s daily activities in building child friendly cities. It is urgent to reshape child-friendly community streets and support children’s healthy growth. Integrating previous research results on affordance theory and design, children’s growth and environment, and street-game spaces, this study focuses on investigating 23 community streets in four residential communities in Nanjing through questionnaires, interviews, observations, and other methods. Then, from the perspective of cognitive affordance, functional affordance, and social affordance, it analyzes the behavioral possibilities provided by the environment and the needs of the children-user group. Finally, from the perspectives of openness and security, preference and diversity, positive and negative, and reality and potential, it proposes a method to assess the existing environment. This study aims to extract the significant characteristics of the built environment that effectively support and promote children’s outdoors activities, and explore the design strategy of improving street space sharing through optimizing space elements and structure at the medium and micro levels, so as to respond to multiple goals including livable city development from the perspective of child friendliness. This study also tries to change the logical way of design thinking and provide an eco-psychological perspective on how to build a child-friendly community. 相似文献
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盾构机施工集成机电、液压等一体化设备,因此可利用网络进行信息数据传输,本文以盾构施工实时管控系统为研究对象,旨在通过研发实时监控系统来提高施工、管理效率。本文首先介绍了目前盾构施工信息系统的分类和应用功能,提出本盾构管控系统的基本原理,详细叙述系统的层次架构、功能架构、软件架构和重点功能,并从系统软件环境、硬件环境两方面进行描述,并从数据采集、数据库、通信进行详细介绍,最后对本系统的应用效果和影响及网络安全方面予以分析,得出了本系统架构合理拓展性强、数据采集传输方式简便不需要额外采集设备、系统功能性多、使用维护成本低等特点。 相似文献
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研究针对徽州传统民居的庭院空间展开空间组织模式分析,对63处传统民居庭院进行调研,提取了面积、面积比、长宽比、饱和度和边界系数五个量化指标对庭院空间进行描述,并运用聚类分析的方法对庭院空间进行分类。总结出中小规模方整型、中小规模条型、中小规模不规则型和大规模复杂型四种庭院类型,在此基础上对庭院位置与其中要素的分布规律进行归纳。研究得出:四类庭院在位置分布与要素布置上均有所不同,中小规模方整型庭院作为空间过渡与补充,以前院和后院居多,多布置绿化、漏窗等要素;中小规模条型庭院以前院为主,组织规模较大的宅居组团的入口交通,要素上多以构筑物、拱门、字匾和二次轮廓要素结合布置;中小规模不规则型庭院往往作为宅居空间中的亮点,多位于前院和侧院,以绿化、水面、漏窗要素居多;大规模复杂型庭院多为生活化的后院,绿化、水面、石凳等要素较多。 相似文献
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随着疫情的常态化发展,如何促进后疫情时代工程项目组织韧性的培育,提高工程项目组织应对风险的能力成为重要课题。基于此,对影响工程项目组织韧性的因素进行系统分析,通过文献研究法和专家咨询法识别出20个组织韧性的影响因素,运用DEMATEL-ISM方法,构建了DEMATEL散点图及ISM层级拓扑图,从而系统、清晰地呈现出工程项目组织韧性影响因素之间的可视化关系,进而对因素的重要程度及因果关系进行深入剖析。分析结果表明:“社会资本、组织学习、组织承诺”为组织韧性的根本因素,“组织领导、组织敏捷性、人力资本、积极情绪、战略共识”五方面因素指标具有较高的影响度及中心度,“组织协调”的被影响度最高。基于研究结果,提出了优化提升工程项目组织韧性的对策建议。 相似文献
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为了查明成兰铁路沿线茂县曲谷沟小学后山崩塌地质灾害的类型、结构形态、规模、变形特征及成因机制,对该崩塌地质灾害开展了工程地质应急勘查工作,采用地面测绘、探井、原位测试等多种勘查手段,查明该崩塌、教学楼的不稳定斜坡(陡坎)成因、类型、规模、范围、稳定状态及危害性,并分析其变形机制,表明:崩塌危岩体规模级别属中型,危害对象等级为一级,勘查地质条件类型为复杂,该灾害体治理工程等级为Ⅰ级。得到的结果可为进一步的评估防治工程提供参考。 相似文献
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大跨度钢结构的滑移是一个动态过程,滑移推力、环境荷载、轨道承载力、轨道平顺性等因素对结构准确就位均有影响。为此,提出了一种能够监测滑移施工过程结构安全、稳定及滑移同步性的方法,该方法通过模拟分析施工滑移过程,准确预判滑移中结构出现损伤的位置和程度,提前采取措施;通过实时在线监测结构滑移施工过程中多项参数的变化,避免滑移过程中结构的应力集中、局部变形过大、脱轨、失稳及倾覆。以大同美术馆钢结构屋盖滑移施工监测为例,在滑移前对滑移施工过程进行模拟分析和监测系统安装,对滑移阶段结构关键构件的应变、位移、构件变形及环境温度进行实时监测、分析与反馈。结果表明:大跨度钢结构滑移受温度、轨道平顺性、轨道处结构变形值、顶推设备误差影响;采用有限元模拟分析、现场监测、实时分析与反馈的监测方法,可有效控制滑移过程中结构的内力、变形、各轨道滑移的同步性及结构的整体稳定性。 相似文献
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Molecular detection of pathogens in water - The pros and cons of molecular techniques 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Rosina Girones Maria Antonia Ferrús Jesus Rodriguez-Manzano Adriana de Abreu Corrêa Ayalkibet Hundesa Sílvia Bofill-Mas 《Water research》2010,44(15):4325-612
Pollution of water by sewage and run-off from farms produces a serious public health problem in many countries. Viruses, along with bacteria and protozoa in the intestine or in urine are shed and transported through the sewer system. Even in highly industrialized countries, pathogens, including viruses, are prevalent throughout the environment. Molecular methods are used to monitor viral, bacterial, and protozoan pathogens, and to track pathogen- and source-specific markers in the environment. Molecular techniques, specifically polymerase chain reaction-based methods, provide sensitive, rapid, and quantitative analytical tools with which to study such pathogens, including new or emerging strains. These techniques are used to evaluate the microbiological quality of food and water, and to assess the efficiency of virus removal in drinking and wastewater treatment plants. The range of methods available for the application of molecular techniques has increased, and the costs involved have fallen. These developments have allowed the potential standardization and automation of certain techniques. In some cases they facilitate the identification, genotyping, enumeration, viability assessment, and source-tracking of human and animal contamination. Additionally, recent improvements in detection technologies have allowed the simultaneous detection of multiple targets in a single assay. However, the molecular techniques available today and those under development require further refinement in order to be standardized and applicable to a diversity of matrices. Water disinfection treatments may have an effect on the viability of pathogens and the numbers obtained by molecular techniques may overestimate the quantification of infectious microorganisms. The pros and cons of molecular techniques for the detection and quantification of pathogens in water are discussed. 相似文献