A suboptimal receiver for joint spatial-temporal filtering andmultiuser detection in mobile radio communications

This paper proposes a suboptimal receiver for joint spatial-temporal filtering and multiuser detection in mobile radio communications using single carrier signaling. The proposed receiver is a reasonable approximation of the maximum likelihood (ML) based optimal receiver described in the present paper. A cascaded connection of an adaptive array antenna and an ML multiuser sequence estimator is the basis of the proposed receiver. The major advantages of the proposed receiver over conventional adaptive array antennas are: (1) delayed path components of desired signals can be effectively combined; (2) interference signals exceeding the degree of freedom; and (3) those having the same incident angle as that of desired path components can both be suppressed. The proposed receiver does not require prohibitively large computational complexity. Results of computer simulations presented in this paper show that the proposed receiver exhibits excellent performance even in severe multipath fading environments     

A Multiuser Detection Receiver Using Blind Antenna Array and Adaptive Parallel Interference Cancellation

In this paper, the problem of multiuser detection for synchronous code division multiple access systems in both additive white Gaussian noise and multipath channels is addressed. A new multiuser detection receiver that uses an adaptive blind array along with an adaptive parallel interference canceler is proposed. The replacement of a conventional antenna array with a two-dimensional RAKE receiver is also considered for frequency selective Rayleigh fading channels. By using a constrained optimization criterion along with the gradient-projection algorithm, a blind algorithm for the adaptation of the array response vector is proposed. The new algorithm is superior to a few typical blind algorithms in the literature in terms of both performance and computational complexity. The proposed receiver has the ability to cancel very strong multiple access interference coming from the same direction as the desired signal. Simulation results are presented to show the excellent performance of the proposed combination scheme in comparison to that of using either a multiuser detection or adaptive antenna arrays in a severe near-far situation.     

Convergence analysis of a CM array for CDMA systems

The incorporation of directional sensitivity, provided by so-called adaptive antennas is useful in suppressing interfering signals that arise from spatially distinct mobile sources. The problem is that in a cellular radio environment where multipath exists, the standard adaptive antenna using reference signals may not properly lock on the desired signal. This is because the signal correlation matrix processed by the antenna may then be close to singular and standard algorithms fail. Also, most standard algorithms need to cooperate with the receiver for the spatial discrimination of signals. A smart antenna utilizing a blind algorithm is of interest since the antenna may not need to get any feedback from a receiver for the adjustment of weight coefficient for spatial processing and can stand alone to be plugged into any kind of receiver structure.In this paper, we address the convergence property of a Constant Modulus Algorithm which is a blind algorithm and, if employed, can provide no need for an antenna to cooperate with a receiver attached. By identifying a relationship between the weight coefficients and output signal amplitude, we also evaluate the performance of such a stand-alone antenna plus a CDMA matched filter reception. Our results show that for a three element CM array, the BER of a desired user with the other interfering users is much better than a conventional correlation receiver for a single user case since the array suppresses interferences and achieves array gain in SNR.     

Capacity improvement of multicarrier DS-CDMA system with antenna array

An antenna array based base station receiver for multicarrier Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access （DS-CDMA） system is proposed. The main advantage of the receiver is that the spatial diversity is achieved by combining signals of array elements. Based on the detailed analysis of multiuser interference and noise characteristics, the performance of the proposed receiver is analyzed. Theoretical analysis shows significant performance improvement in terms of system capacity due to the use of antenna arrays compared with the conventional single antenna multicarrier DS-CDMA approach. Simulation results confirm the theoretical analysis.     

Adaptive MMSE receiver with beamforming for DS/CDMA systems

The minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) receiver is a linear filter which can suppress multiple access interference (MAI) effectively in direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (CDMA) communications. An antenna array is also an efficient scheme for suppressing MAI and improving the system performance. In this letter, we consider an adaptive MMSE receiver in conjunction with beamforming in CDMA systems employing an antenna array. The proposed structure is featured as a low complexity receiver, which adapts the MMSE filter coefficients and the beamforming weights simultaneously. However, it does require the channel state information and the direction of arrival (DOA) of the desired user signal. As a result, we propose two adaptation methods to perform joint channel estimation and signal detection without any training sequence. It is demonstrated that the two proposed methods achieve similar bit-error-rate performance. More importantly, their performance degradation compared with the case with perfect channel information is small.     

Robust adaptive recovery of spread-spectrum signals with short data records

The problem under consideration is the adaptive reception of a multipath direct-sequence spread-spectrum (SS) signal in the presence of unknown correlated SS interference and additive impulsive noise. An SS receiver structure is proposed that consists of a vector of adaptive chip-based Hampel nonlinearities followed by an adaptive auxiliary-vector linear tap-weight filter. The nonlinear receiver front end adapts itself to the unknown prevailing noise environment providing robust performance over a wide range of underlying noise distributions. The adaptive auxiliary-vector linear tap-weight filter allows rapid SS interference suppression with a limited data record. Numerical and simulation studies under finite-data-record system adaptation show significant improvement in bit-error-rate performance over the conventional linear minimum variance-distortionless-response (MVDR) SS receiver or conventional MVDR filtering preceded by vector adaptive chip-based nonlinear processing.     

A null despreader for interference suppression in GPS

The Global Positioning System (GPS) utilizes low‐power spread‐spectrum signals and thus is vulnerable to various types of high‐power interference sources. It requires at least four satellites for estimating three‐dimensional user positions and the receiver clock bias. In this paper, we propose a blind adaptive GPS receiver that is based on a new despreader and the one‐stage constant modulus (CM) array. The despreader consists of a conventional GPS despreader and a so‐called null despreader, which together modify the received signal so that the CM array can extract the GPS signal of interest. The beamformer not only rejects jammers and extracts the GPS signal of interest without explicit direction‐of‐arrival (DOA) information of any of the signals but also it has a low computational complexity compared with conventional techniques, such as minimum‐variance distortionless‐response (MVDR) beamforming. As a conventional despreader can recover only one GPS signal, multiple despreaders are usually required for separating multiple GPS signals. We also explore an extension of the proposed null despreader to detect multiple GPS signals. Computer simulation examples are presented to illustrate the performance of the receiver for different types of jammer signals. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Space-time adaptive reduced-rank multistage Wiener filtering for asynchronous DS-CDMA

An adaptive near-far resistant self-synchronizing receiver for asynchronous direct-sequence (DS) code-division multiple access (CDMA) systems with a J-element antenna array is presented in this paper. The primary requirement is prior knowledge of the spreading-code sequence of the desired user. A low-complexity version of the proposed receiver is developed that utilizes the concept of the reduced-rank multistage Wiener filter (MWF) introduced recently by Goldstein and Reed. This results in a self-synchronizing detection criterion that requires no inversion or eigen-decomposition of a covariance matrix. It also achieves a rapid adaptive convergence with only limited data support. Simulation results show that the proposed receiver provides superior performance both as an increasing function of the size of the J-element antenna array and the amount of sample support. As a consequence, this new self-synchronizing communications receiver significantly outperforms the conventional DS-CDMA receiver that uses a standard matched filter for acquisition. When compared with the MMSE-type receiver, the proposed receiver can accomplish a similar performance level without the requirement of known propagation delays.     

一种新的数字阵列雷达接收机技术

高速ADC和先进DSP器件的进展使数字波束形成智能天线的实现成为现实。在传统的M单元天线阵系统中,每一单元都有各自的接收通道和ADC,设备量大。文中提出了一种适合于多通道数字阵列雷达接收系统的新型数字接收机结构,其主要思想是基于多个不同信号的带通采样原理实现数字阵列雷达接收机,新接收机结构使IF接收通道和基带采样ADC显著减少,功耗大大降低。阐述了数字阵列接收的数据模型和工作原理,分析了多信号带通采样信号频率和采样率的关系,给出了采样率选取的约束条件。新接收机在降低设备量的同时,还减小了接收系统通道间幅一相不一致性失真。     

时间选择性衰落信道DS-CDMA系统的联合时空频3D-Rake

针对Rake接收结构由于快衰落导致多普勒散布，导致系统性能下降的问题，在时频Rake、时空Rake接收机设计基础上，提出一种联合时空频3D-Rake接收结构。利用自适应天线在空间形成定向波束和利用联合时频处理技术，将频域多普勒频率分集的分析方法应用到时空二维处理中，实现基于天线阵列的时空频三维信号处理。通过接收合并具有不同时延、多普勒频移和来自不同方向的信号，实现最大信噪比准则下的最优接收，提高系统分集增益，和时频Rake、时空Rake相比，其系统性能得到进一步提高，数值仿真表明，联合时空频3D-Rake比时空Rake平均信干噪比提高了3dB。     

Robust adaptive array for wireless communications

In the application of a receiver antenna array to wireless communications, a known signal preamble is used for estimating the propagation vector at the beginning of each data frame. The estimated propagation vector is then used in linear combining of array inputs for interference suppression and demodulation of a desired user's information data stream. Since the training preamble is usually very short, conventional training methods, which estimate the propagation vector based solely on the training preamble, may incur large estimation errors. In many wireless channels, the ambient noise is known to be decidedly non-Gaussian, due to impulsive phenomena. The conventional training methods may suffer further from such impulsive noise. Moreover, performance of linear combining techniques can degrade substantially in the presence of impulsive noise. We first propose a new technique for propagation vector estimation which exploits the whole frame of the received signal. It is shown that as the length of the signal frame tends to infinity, in the absence of noise, this method can recover the propagation vector of the desired user exactly, given a small number of training symbols for that user. We then develop robust techniques for propagation vector estimation and array combining in the presence of impulsive noise. These techniques are nonlinear in nature and are based on the M-estimation method. It is seen that the proposed robust methods offer performance improvement over linear techniques in non-Gaussian noise, with little attendant increase in computational complexity. Finally, we address the extension of the proposed techniques to dispersive channels with intersymbol interference     

一种基于阵列天线的时延估计方法

本文主要讨论了无线通信中多径信号的时延估计问题，针对阵列天线，基于非线性最小二乘准则，我们提出了一种有效的时延估计方法，仿真结果表明该算法有较好的性能。     

Efficient detection in uniform linear and planar arrays MIMO systems under spatial correlated channels

In this paper, the efficiency of various multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) detectors was analyzed from the perspective of highly correlated channels, where MIMO systems have a lack of performance, besides in some cases, an increasing complexity. Considering this hard but a useful scenario, various MIMO detection schemes were accurately evaluated concerning complexity and bit error rate performance. Specifically, successive interference cancellation, lattice reduction, and the combination of them were associated with conventional linear MIMO detection techniques. To demonstrate effectiveness, a wide range of the number of antennas and modulation formats have been considered aiming to verify the potential of such MIMO detection techniques according to their performance‐complexity trade‐off. We have also studied the correlation effect when both transmit and receiver sides are equipped with uniform linear array and uniform planar array antenna configurations. The performance of different detectors is carefully compared when both antenna array configurations are deployed considering a different number of antennas and modulation order, especially under near‐massive MIMO condition. We have also discussed the relationship between the array factor and the bit error rate performance of both antenna array structures.     

An adaptive wideband antenna array receiver of low complexity

A low complexity wideband antenna array receiver is proposed for wideband wireless communication systems. With the proposed algorithm, the array beampattern remains almost the same within a wide frequency range of interest. In comparison to the conventional algorithm, the new algorithm offers a faster convergence rate with a lower computational complexity. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the proposed algorithm. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Experimental investigations of a new adaptive dual-antenna array for handset applications

This paper presents the design and implementation of a new adaptive dual-antenna array for mitigation of both interference and multipath effects in digital mobile communications at the handset level. This proposed system employs a nonlinear adaptive algorithm in the front end of the receiver to enhance the transmission quality in confined areas. The enhancement is blind since no priori knowledge of spatial signatures or training sequences is required. Furthermore, to obtain a compact antenna array system, a miniaturized shorting postmicrostrip antenna that operates in the 1.9 GHz PCS band is used as a radiating element. Using this microstrip antenna, a new experimental adaptive dual-antenna array prototype was designed and implemented. To examine the expected performance of this approach, experimental measurements were carried out and the measured performances indicate that gain improvement of 7 dB can be achieved by using this approach.     

Experiments on coherent adaptive antenna array diversity forwideband DS-CDMA mobile radio

In wideband direct sequence code division multiple access (W-CDMA), employing an adaptive antenna array is a very promising technique to reduce severe multiple access interference (MAI) from high rate users. A four-antenna pilot symbol-assisted coherent adaptive antenna array diversity (PSA-CAAAD) receiver comprising an adaptive antenna array based on a minimum mean squared error (MMSE) criterion and a RAKE combiner is implemented in preliminary laboratory and field experiments. There are two important design concepts of the PSA-CAAAD receiver. The first is that the adaptive antenna array forms an antenna beam for each resolved propagation path and tracks only slow changes in the directions of arrival (DOAs) and average powers of the desired and interfering user signals. The second is that the RAKE combiner tracks the instantaneous changes in channel conditions and coherently combines the signals of the desired user propagating along the resolved paths to maximize the instantaneous signal-to-interference plus background noise power ratio (SINR). This paper presents, both by laboratory and field experiments, the effectiveness of PSA-CAAAD receiver as a powerful means to reduce severe MAI from high rate users, and that it is more effective than using a space diversity receiver with the same number of antennas in the W-CDMA reverse link     

Symbol-level Rake MMSE receiver for asynchronous DS/CDMA systems inmultipath fading channels

A new nonlinear adaptive minimum mean squared error (MMSE) receiver performing a successful cancellation of multiple access interference in multipath fading channels is proposed. It is observed that the proposed receiver could achieve a significant performance gain over any currently used adaptive MMSE receivers, at the cost of a relatively small increase in complexity and modification of the conventional DS/CDMA system     

改进的GPS抗干扰自适应天线阵性能研究

文章提出了一种用于GPS接收机的新型抗干扰自适应天线阵,并给出了对其方向图和输出信干噪比的仿真过程.比较了在相同的信号环境时,该天线阵与常用的均匀直线阵、等间隔圆形阵的性能.结果表明,使用该自适应阵可以改善天线阵的方向图,提高输出信号干扰噪声比SINR,增强接收机的抗干扰能力.     

Hybrid Beamforming for Massive MIMO Using Rectangular Antenna Array Model in 5G Wireless Networks

Fifth and future generation (5G and B5G) wireless networks aim to serve users with higher data rates and lower latency. Data traffic due to the rapid growth in communication has motivated the study of Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems. They utilize multiple antennas in both transmitter and receiver sides. It is necessary to improve the existing technology to achieve fast and reliable communication. In this research work, a rectangular array antenna based hybrid beamforming in a massive MIMO model has been proposed to improve the spectral efficiency of the system. Thus channel capacity with small RF chains is used. To achieve the high signal strength in the main lobe, Chebyshev tapering has been used to suppress the side lobes signals. In this manner, the proposed Hybrid Beamforming for Massive Output MIMO has been realized with a small complexity and higher spectral efficiency. In this research work, the spectral efficiency of both proposed Hybrid and fully-digital beamforming with a different number of RF chains for a various number of antennas at the transmitter, the receiver side has been analyzed. From the simulation results, it has been observed that the proposed rectangular array antenna based Hybrid beamforming in a massive MIMO system reduces the computational complexity up to 99% as compared with conventional fully digital beamforming to achieve the same spectral efficiencies, which is a productive model for 5G wireless networks.

     

A new spatio-temporal equalization method based on estimatedchannel response

This paper proposes a new spatio-temporal equalization method, which simultaneously utilizes an adaptive antenna array and a decision feedback equalizer (DFE). For effective spatio-temporal equalization with less computational cost, how to split equalization functionality into spatial processing, and temporal processing is quite important. One of the answers which we have given is “incoming signals with larger time delays should be cancelled at the spatial equalization part.” The weights of both adaptive antenna array elements and taps of DFE are calculated only using the estimated channel impulse response, therefore, it requires no information on direction of arrival (DoA). We show the performance of the proposed system in multipath fading channels often encountered in indoor wireless environments and discuss the attainable bit error rate (BER), antenna patterns, and the computational complexity in comparison with other equalization methods such as spatial equalization and temporal equalization