对出口厄瓜多尔陶瓷砖技术法规的研究

本文主要研究了出口厄瓜多尔陶瓷砖的技术法规以及涉及的部分检测标准,分析了厄瓜多尔技术法规对于陶瓷砖的主要要求,并对该法规关于陶瓷砖产品检验、监督以及颁布合格证书的机构的资质等方面进行了详细阐述。     

关于陶瓷砖薄型化推进的几点建议

陶瓷砖薄型化是国家“十二五”规划中建筑卫生陶瓷产业结构调整的首要问题。然而,如何推进薄型化工作以及推进的科学依据一直是业界技术人员研究的一个重要课题。笔者通过对陶瓷砖数据的分析提出了几种典型抛光砖和内墙砖产品的限定厚度值,同时通过对外墙砖验证试验的设计,希望广大生产企业通过科学试验方法提出薄型外墙砖的限定厚度值。     

Solid-phase photocatalytic degradation of polystyrene with modified nano-TiO2 catalyst

A novel photodegradable polystyrene-grafted-TiO₂ (PS-g-TiO₂) nanocomposite was prepared by embedding the grafted-TiO₂ into the commercial polystyrene. Solid-phase photocatalytic degradation of the PS-g-TiO₂ nanocomposite was carried out in ambient air at room temperature under ultraviolet lamp and/or sunlight irradiation. The properties of composite film were compared with those of the pure PS film by methods such as weight loss measurement, scanning electron microscope (SEM), gel permeation chromatogram (GPC), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), FT-IR spectroscopy, and UV-vis spectroscopy. The results show that the photo-induced degradation of PS-g-TiO₂ composite film is significantly higher than that of pure PS film. The weight loss of composite film reached 31.9%, average molecular weight (M_w) of composite film decreased by 53.1%, and the number average molecular weight (M_n) decreased by 73.2% after 396 h of UV-light irradiation. FT-IR analysis and weight loss indicated that the benzene rings in PS-matrix of composite film were cleaved during UV-light irradiation. The photocatalytic degradation mechanism of the films is briefly discussed.     

陶瓷地砖防滑性能试验方法的对比研究

陶瓷地砖防滑性能的研究是地面环境安全的重要内容。通过分析2种不同试验方法（GB／T4100-2006附录M以及BS7976-2002）的异同点,并对3种陶瓷地砖进行测试,探索不同类型（有釉砖、无釉抛光砖、无釉非抛光砖）,不同状态（干态、湿态）下的摩擦系数的变化规律,得出的结果为有效评估陶瓷地砖防滑性能提供依据。     

Biomimetic Catalysts Based on Au@TiO2-MoS2-CeO2 Composites for the Production of Hydrogen by Water Splitting

The photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by water splitting has been studied, using catalysts based on crystalline TiO₂ nanowires (TiO₂NWs), which were synthesized by a hydrothermal procedure. This nanomaterial was subsequently modified by incorporating different loadings (1%, 3% and 5%) of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the surface, previously exfoliated MoS₂ nanosheets, and CeO₂ nanoparticles (CeO₂NPs). These nanomaterials, as well as the different synthesized catalysts, were characterized by electron microscopy (HR-SEM and HR-TEM), XPS, XRD, Raman, Reflectance and BET surface area. HER studies were performed in aqueous solution, under irradiation at different wavelengths (UV-visible), which were selected through the appropriate use of optical filters. The results obtained show that there is a synergistic effect between the different nanomaterials of the catalysts. The specific area of the catalyst, and especially the increased loading of MoS₂ and CeO₂NPs in the catalyst substantially improved the H₂ production, with values of ca. 1114 μm/hg for the catalyst that had the best efficiency. Recyclability studies showed only a decrease in activity of approx. 7% after 15 cycles of use, possibly due to partial leaching of gold nanoparticles during catalyst use cycles. The results obtained in this research are certainly relevant and open many possibilities regarding the potential use and scaling of these heterostructures in the photocatalytic production of H₂ from water.     

陶瓷砖断裂模数测量结果的不确定度评定

对陶瓷砖断裂模数测量不确定度的来源进行了分析,并对各不确定度分量进行了分析和量化,求得合成标准不确定度和扩展不确定度分别为10.04%和20.08%。     

Effect of WSi2 addition on densification and properties of ZrB2

Abstract

Effect of WSi₂ addition on densification and properties of ZrB₂ has been investigated. Samples of the following composition with controlled addition of WSi₂ were prepared by hot pressing (1) ZrB₂, (2) ZrB₂+2·5%WSi₂, (3) ZrB₂+5%WSi₂ and (4) ZrB₂+10%WSi₂. Hot pressing of monolithic ZrB₂ at 1750°C resulted in achieving a density of only 80·1% ρ_th. Addition of WSi₂ enhanced the densification and resulted in near theoretical density. Microstructural investigations revealed the presence of reaction product containing Si and Zr. An increase in WSi₂ content led to an increase in hardness of the product. A slight increase in fracture toughness was observed with WSi₂ addition. Crack deflection was observed in the microstructure. Oxidation study of the composite samples revealed that the oxidised layer is not adherent and resulted in spallation at the end of the test.     

Influence of TiO2 and CeO2 on the hydrogenation activity of bulk Ni2P

TiO₂- and CeO₂-promoted bulk Ni₂P catalysts were prepared by impregnation and in-situ H₂ temperature-programmed reduction method. The prepared catalysts were characterized by XRD and XPS. The hydrogenation activities of the catalysts were studied using 1.5 wt.% 1-heptene in toluene and 1.0 wt.% phenylacetylene in ethanol as the model feeds. The results indicate that bulk Ni₂P possesses low hydrogenation activity but is tunable by simply controlling the content of the additives (TiO₂ or CeO₂), suggesting that TiO₂ and CeO₂ are effective promoters to enhance the hydrogenation activity of Ni₂P.     

Photocatalytic Properties of Silica-supported TiO2

TiO₂ supported on SiO₂ surface is effective on the recovery of photocatalyst, morphological control, and coating on the substrate. Furthermore, it shows much higher photocatalytic activity than pure TiO₂. The silica support is quite influential on the surface properties of TiO₂ supported on SiO₂. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of TiO₂–SiO₂ could be explained by the effects of surface area, adsorption, band-gap energy and local structure. However, it is difficult to say which one is the most important factor responsible for the photocatalytic property of TiO₂–SiO₂. For example, the reduction of particle size could effect on both of the surface area and band-gap energy. And, Ti–O–Si bonds could modify the band-gap energy and local structure. Therefore, the photocatalytic properties of TiO₂–SiO₂ should be expressed by sum of many factors such as surface area, adsorption, band-gap energy and local structure.     

Electrocatalytic activity of IrO2-RuO2 supported on Sb-doped SnO2 nanoparticles

Electrocatalytic IrO₂-RuO₂ supported on Sb-doped SnO₂ (ATO) nanoparticles is very active towards the oxygen evolution reaction. The IrO₂-RuO₂ material is XRD amorphous and exists as clusters on the surface of the ATO. Systematic changes to the surface chemical composition of the ATO as a function of the IrO₂:RuO₂ ratio suggests an interaction between the IrO₂-RuO₂ and ATO. Cyclic voltammetry indicates that the electrochemically active surface area of IrO₂-RuO₂ clusters is maximised when the composition is 75 mol% IrO₂-25 mol% RuO₂. Decreasing the loading of IrO₂-RuO₂ on ATO reduces the electrochemically active surface area, although there is evidence to support a decrease in the clusters size with decreased loading. Tafel slope analysis shows that if the clusters are too small, the kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction are reduced. Overall, clusters of IrO₂-RuO₂ on ATO have similar or better performance for the oxygen evolution reaction than many previously reported materials, despite the low quantity of noble metals used in the electrocatalysts. This suggests that these oxides may be of economic advantage if used as PEM water electrolysis anodes.     

Comparative Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Salix Cortex Extracts and Acetylsalicylic Acid in SARS-CoV-2 Peptide and LPS-Activated Human In Vitro Systems

The usefulness of anti-inflammatory drugs as an adjunct therapy to improve outcomes in COVID-19 patients is intensely discussed in this paper. Willow bark (Salix cortex) has been used for centuries to relieve pain, inflammation, and fever. Its main active ingredient, salicin, is metabolized in the human body into salicylic acid, the precursor of the commonly used pain drug acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). Here, we report on the in vitro anti-inflammatory efficacy of two methanolic Salix extracts, standardized to phenolic compounds, in comparison to ASA in the context of a SARS-CoV-2 peptide challenge. Using SARS-CoV-2 peptide/IL-1β- or LPS-activated human PBMCs and an inflammatory intestinal Caco-2/HT29-MTX co-culture, Salix extracts, and ASA concentration-dependently suppressed prostaglandin E2 (PGE₂), a principal mediator of inflammation. The inhibition of COX-2 enzyme activity, but not protein expression was observed for ASA and one Salix extract. In activated PBMCs, the suppression of relevant cytokines (i.e., IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-10) was seen for both Salix extracts. The anti-inflammatory capacity of Salix extracts was still retained after transepithelial passage and liver cell metabolism in an advanced co-culture model system consisting of intestinal Caco-2/HT29-MTX cells and differentiated hepatocyte-like HepaRG cells. Taken together, our in vitro data suggest that Salix extracts might present an additional anti-inflammatory treatment option in the context of SARS-CoV-2 peptides challenge; however, more confirmatory data are needed.     

Photocatalytic decomposition of acetic acid on TiO2

During room‐temperature transient experiments, acetic acid decomposes photocatalytically on TiO₂ in an inert atmosphere by two parallel pathways. One pathway forms CO₂ and C₂H₆ in a 2:1 ratio, and H₂O forms with lattice oxygen that was extracted from the surface. The other pathway forms CO₂ and CH₄ in a 1:1 ratio. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Enhancement of oxygen storage capacity by reductive treatment of Al2O3 and CeO2–ZrO2 solid solution nanocomposite

Oxygen storage capacity (OSC) of CeO₂–ZrO₂ solid solution, Ce_xZr_(1−x)O₄, is one of the most contributing factors to control the performance of an automotive catalyst. To improve the OSC, heat treatments were employed on a nanoscaled composite of Al₂O₃ and CeZrO₄ (ACZ). Reductive treatments from 700 to 1000 °C significantly improved the complete oxygen storage capacity (OSC-c) of ACZ. In particular, the OSC-c measured at 300 °C reached the theoretical maximum with a sufficient specific surface area (SSA) (35 m²/g) after reductive treatment at 1000 °C. The introduced Al₂O₃ facilitated the regular rearrangement of Ce and Zr ions in CeZrO₄ as well as helped in maintaining the sufficient SSA. Reductive treatments also enhanced the oxygen release rate (OSC-r); however, the OSC-r variation against the evaluation temperature and the reduction temperature differed from that of OSC-c. OSC-r measured below 200 °C reached its maximum against the reduction temperature at 800 °C, while those evaluated at 300 °C increased with the reduction temperature in the same manner as OSC-c.     

关于陶瓷砖物料及配方多级管理体系的探讨

我国建筑陶瓷行业近年来发展强劲,但在硬件水平发展的同时,各种软件水平有待提升。笔者在文中提出了陶瓷砖工厂物料和配方多级管理系统的建立要点和应用案例,旨在使工厂在提升硬件水平和新产品开发能力的同时,更多关注软件水平的提升,从而使企业真正达到国际一流企业的水准。     

High Efficiency Photocatalytic Mineralization of C.I. Reactive Red 2 using Transparent Self-Assembled Nanopin-Like Titania with High Preferential (101) Orientation on Alumina Thin Film in Aqueous Environments

This investigation elucidated the mineralization of an environmental pollutant; C.I. Reactive Red 2 (RR2) using transparent self-assembled nanopin-like titania with high preferential (101) orientation on alumina thin film (Ti@Al-nanopin-f) in water and UV/TiO₂ system. Mineralization efficiency of the azo dye by Ti@Al-nanopin-f thin film is compared with a thick film of Degussa P25 titania photocatalyst (P25-f) and a dense thin film of titania on a glass substrate (Ti-f). The results shown high efficiency of fully mineralization of RR2 by titania nanopin thin film. The decolorization reactions obeyed the pseudo-first-order kinetics in all tested systems. The photodegradation rates of chemical compounds on semiconductor surfaces follow the Langmuire-Hinshelwood model. At pH 7, the mineralization rates followed the order Ti@Al-nanopin-f (k = 0.066 min^?1 and t_1/2 = 10.5 min) > P25-f (k = 0.0125 min^?1 and t_1/2 = 55.4 min) > Ti-f (k = 0.0042 min^?1 and t_1/2 = 165.0 min). High preferential (101) orientation of the anatase particles on alumina substrate not only markedly increase the surface area but also prepare a suitable sites for electron and hole injection to species of solution.     

Simultaneous Production of Syngas and Ethylene from Methane by Combining its Catalytic Oxidative Coupling over Mn/Na2WO4/SiO2 with Gas Phase Partial Oxidation

A new route of methane utilization is presented, in which methane is converted to H₂, CO and C₂H₄ simultaneously with equal mole ratio, in order that the produced mixture could be used in the synthesis of propanal via hydroformylation. Kinetically controlled free radical gas phase methane oxidation was combined with its catalytic oxidative coupling over Mn/Na₂WO₄/SiO₂ to concomitantly acquire ethylene and syngas with close concentration. Under the optimal reaction condition, a mole ratio of CO:H₂:C₂H₄=1.0:1:0.9 was obtained with a yield of 11.6% and a selectivity of 68% to the target products based on C, while the selectivity to CO₂ is as low as 18.1%.     

How to Restore Oxidative Balance That Was Disrupted by SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) is caused by different variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which emerged in December of 2019. COVID-19 pathogenesis is complex and involves a dysregulated renin angiotensin system. Severe courses of the disease are associated with a dysregulated immunological response known as cytokine storm. Many scientists have demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 impacts oxidative homeostasis and stimulates the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, the virus inhibits glutathione (GSH) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)—a major antioxidant which induces expression of protective proteins and prevents ROS damage. Furthermore, the virus stimulates NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes which play a significant role in inducing a cytokine storm. A variety of agents with antioxidant properties have shown beneficial effects in experimental and clinical studies of COVID-19. This review aims to present mechanisms of oxidative stress induced by SARS-CoV-2 and to discuss whether antioxidative drugs can counteract detrimental outcomes of a cytokine storm.     

Oxidative energy storage behavior of a porous nanostructured TiO2–Ni(OH)2 bilayer photocatalysis system

TiO₂–Ni(OH)₂ bilayer electrodes were prepared by the cathodic electrodeposition of Ni(OH)₂ layer on a TiO₂/ITO substrate. The porous Ni(OH)₂ layers were obtained at relatively high current densities (≥1.0 mA cm⁻²), and the particle size increased with increasing the deposition current density. A porous nanostructured TiO₂–Ni(OH)₂ bilayer was obtained at a current density of 1.0 mA cm⁻². The effects of OH⁻ concentration in the electrolyte and surface structure in the Ni(OH)₂ layer on storage of the oxidative energy of TiO₂ were investigated. In our experimental conditions the oxidative energy storage of an UV-irradiated TiO₂ photocatalyst in Ni(OH)₂ was obviously enhanced in the electrolyte with 1.0 M OH⁻. The porous nanostructured TiO₂–Ni(OH)₂ bilayer electrode showed the notably improved oxidative energy storage performance, resulting from its porous structure and nanostructured Ni(OH)₂ particles. The TiO₂–Ni(OH)₂ bilayer electrode during UV irradiation exhibited much higher potentials and larger photocurrent than the TiO₂/ITO electrode. The transition from Ni(OH)₂ to NiOOH under UV irradiation proceeded in the potential range of −0.5 to −0.2 V, much more negative than the Ni(OH)₂/NiOOH redox potential. A possible mechanism on the oxidative energy storage of an UV-irradiated TiO₂ photocatalyst in Ni(OH)₂ was proposed, and the related experimental results were discussed in terms of the suggested model.     

Effect of Zr-ion substitution in CeO2 on H2O2-assisted degradation of orange G

A series of Pd ion-substituted CeO₂–ZrO₂ solid solutions were synthesized using the solution combustion technique. H₂O₂-assisted degradation of orange G was carried out in the presence of the catalysts. The activity of the catalysts was found to increase with the introduction of the second component in the solid solution, as signified by an increase in the rate constants and lowering of activation energy. The study showed the involvement of lattice oxygen and the importance of reducibility of the compound for the reaction.     

The Oxidative Polycondensation of Benzylidene-4′-hydroxyanilene using Air O<Subscript>2</Subscript>, NaOCl and H<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>2</Subscript>: Synthesis and Characterization

In this work, the oxidative polycondensation reaction conditions of benzylidene-4′-hydroxyanilene (B-4′-HA) were studied using oxidants such as air O₂, H₂O₂ and NaOCl in an aqueous alkaline medium between 40 and 95 ^○C. Oligo-benzylidene-4′-hydroxyanilene was characterized by ¹H-NMR, FT-IR, UV-Vis, size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and elemental analysis techniques. The solubility of oligomer using organic solvents such as DMF, THF, DMSO, methanol, ethanol, CHCl₃, CCl₄, toluene, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate was investigated. According to air O₂ oxidant (flow rate 8.5 L/h), the conversion of B-4′-HA was 82.0% in optimum conditions such as [B-4′-HA]₀=[KOH]₀=0.1015 mol/L at 50 ^○C for 25 h. According to the SEC analysis, the number-average molecular weight (M_n), weight-average molecular weight (M_w) and polydispersity index (PDI) values of O-B-4′-HA were found to be 1852 g mol⁻¹, 3101 g mol⁻¹ and 1.675; 2123 g mol⁻¹, 4073 g mol⁻¹ and 1.919; 2155 g mol⁻¹, 4164 g mol⁻¹ and 1.932, using air oxygen, NaOCl and H₂O₂ oxidants, respectively. Also, Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) showed oligo-benzylidene-4′-hydroxyanilene to be unstable against thermo-oxidative decomposition. The weight loss of O-B-4′-HA was found to be 95.87% at 1000 ^○C.