栀子油脂制取亚油酸的研究

用气相色谱法分析了栀子果实油脂中主要脂肪酸的组成 ,软脂酸和亚油酸分别占总脂肪酸的 2 5 .5 %和71.8%。栀子油脂经皂化、酸化、丙酮溶解、冷冻结晶等工艺可制出符合医药标准的亚油酸 ,并对工艺参数进行了研究     

Effect of UV Processing Treatments on Soy Oil Conjugated Linoleic Acid Yields and Tocopherols Stability

Photoirradiation has been used to synthesize 20 % conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in soy oil with an iodine catalyst. CLA yields are affected by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation time, Magnesol^® adsorbent treatment, iodine concentration and mixed tocopherols. However, these factors in combination had not been studied. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the effect of (1) a combination of photoirradiation time, Magnesol^® adsorbent treatment and added mixed soy tocopherols on CLA yields and the oxidative stability of CLA-rich soy oil, (2) UV light on mixed tocopherol stability, as tocopherols enhance CLA yields during photoirradiation. Soy oil was initially treated with 5 % Magnesol^®. Iodine at 0 and 0.35 % was mixed with Magnesol^®-treated soy oil and irradiated for 12 and 6 h. The irradiated oil was again treated with Magnesol^®, mixed with 0, 0.35 or 0.175 % iodine; 1400 MT and irradiated for 12 or 6 more hours. CLA content in soy oil was determined by conventional gas chromatography-flame ionization detector. The oxidative stability of the oil was determined by measuring peroxide value (PV). The tocopherols stability was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that increasing photoirradiation time increased CLA yields and lowered PV. Magnesol^® adsorption produced highest CLA yield for all treatments by removing peroxides in RBD soy oil. The γ-tocopherols exhibited highest stability during UV irradiation. The order of tocopherol degradation was α-tocopherol > δ-tocopherol > γ-tocopherols.     

Comparative Effects of Sandalwood Seed Oil on Fatty Acid Profiles and Inflammatory Factors in Rats

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of sandalwood seed oil on fatty acid (FA) profiles and inflammatory factors in rats. Fifty male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into five different dietary groups: 10 % soybean oil (SO), 10 % olive oil (OO), 10 % safflower oil (SFO), 10 % linseed oil (LSO) and 8 % sandalwood seed oil blended with 2 % SO (SWSO) for 8 weeks. The SWSO group had a higher total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) levels but lower n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios in both adipose tissue and liver than those in the SO, OO and SFO groups (p < 0.05). Although the SWSO group had a much lower 18:3n-3 level (4.51 %) in their dietary lipids than the LSO group (58.88 %), the levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA: 22:6n-3) in liver lipids and phospholipids of the SWSO group (7.52 and 11.77 %) were comparable to those of the LSO group (7.07 and 13.16 %). Ximenynic acid, a predominant acetylenic FA in sandalwood seed oil, was found to be highly incorporated into adipose tissue (13.73 %), but relatively lower in liver (0.51 %) in the SWSO group. The levels of prostaglandin F_2α, prostaglandin E₂, thromboxane B₂, leukotriene B₄, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β in both liver and plasma were positively correlated with the n-6:n-3 ratios, suggesting that increased n-6 PUFA appear to increase the formation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, whereas n-3 PUFA exhibit anti-inflammatory activity. The present results suggest that sandalwood seed oil could increase tissue levels of n-3 PUFA, DHA and reduce the n-6:n-3 ratio, and may increase the anti-inflammatory activity in rats.     

Phosphoproteomic Analysis of Subcutaneous and Omental Adipose Tissue Reveals Increased Lipid Turnover in Dairy Cows Supplemented with Conjugated Linoleic Acid

Phosphoproteomics is a cutting-edge technique that can be utilized to explore adipose tissue (AT) metabolism by quantifying the repertoire of phospho-peptides (PP) in AT. Dairy cows were supplemented with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA, n = 5) or a control diet (CON, n = 5) from 63 d prepartum to 63 d postpartum; cows were slaughtered at 63 d postpartum and AT was collected. We performed a quantitative phosphoproteomics analysis of subcutaneous (SC) and omental (OM) AT using nanoUPLC-MS/MS and examined the effects of CLA supplementation on the change in the phosphoproteome. A total of 5919 PP were detected in AT, and the abundance of 854 (14.4%) were differential between CON and CLA AT (p ≤ 0.05 and fold change ± 1.5). The abundance of 470 PP (7.9%) differed between OM and SC AT, and the interaction treatment vs. AT depot was significant for 205 PP (3.5% of total PP). The integrated phosphoproteome demonstrated the up- and downregulation of PP from proteins related to lipolysis and lipogenesis, and phosphorylation events in multiple pathways, including the regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes, mTOR signaling, insulin signaling, AMPK signaling, and glycolysis. The differential regulation of phosphosite on a serine residue (S777) of fatty acid synthase (FASN) in AT of CLA-supplemented cows was related to lipogenesis and with more phosphorylation sites compared to acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase (ACSS2). Increased protein phosphorylation was seen in acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACACA;8 PP), FASN (9 PP), hormone sensitive lipase (LIPE;6 PP), perilipin (PLIN;3 PP), and diacylglycerol lipase alpha (DAGLA;1 PP) in CLA vs. CON AT. The relative gene expression in the SC and OM AT revealed an increase in LIPE and FASN in CLA compared to CON AT. In addition, the expression of DAGLA, which is a lipid metabolism enzyme related to the endocannabinoid system, was 1.6-fold higher in CLA vs. CON AT, and the expression of the cannabinoid receptor CNR1 was reduced in CLA vs. CON AT. Immunoblots of SC and OM AT showed an increased abundance of FASN and a lower abundance of CB1 in CLA vs. CON. This study presents a complete map of the SC and the OM AT phosphoproteome in dairy cows following CLA supplementation and discloses many unknown phosphorylation sites, suggestive of increased lipid turnover in AT, for further functional investigation.     

Physicochemical Properties and Fatty Acid Profile of Phoenix Tree Seed and its Oil

Various components of Phoenix tree (Firmiana simplex) seed were determined. Oil, protein, moisture, ash, and fiber accounted for 27.8 ± 0.3, 19.7 ± 0.4, 7.5 ± 0.2, 4.4 ± 0.3, and 31.23 ± 0.93 % (w/w) of the seed, respectively. The acid value, peroxide value, saponification value, and unsaponifiable matter content of Phoenix tree seed oil extracted using the Soxhlet method were 3.73 ± 0.02 mg KOH/g, 1.97 ± 0.21 mmol/kg, 183.74 ± 2.37 mg KOH/g, and 0.90 ± 0.05 g/100 g, respectively. The total tocopherol content was 54.5 ± 0.5 mg/100 g oil, which consisted mainly of δ‐tocopherol (29.5 ± 0.6 mg/100 g oil) and γ‐tocopherol (13.8 ± 0.8 mg/100 g oil). Linoleic acid (L, 30.2 %), oleic acid (O, 22.2 %), and sterculic acid (S, 23.2 %) were the main unsaturated fatty acids of Phoenix tree seed oil. The saturated fatty acids included palmitic acid (17.4 %) and stearic acid (St, 2.9 %). The work shows the first report of sterculic acid in seeds of this species. This oil can be used as a raw material to produce sterculic acid.     

番荔枝籽油脂脂肪酸组成的GC-MS分析

研究了番荔枝籽油脂中脂肪酸的组成.用索氏脂肪抽提器提取番荔枝籽的油脂,并以GC-MS分析油脂脂肪酸的组成.结果表明,番荔枝籽油脂收率达29.2％;番荔枝籽油脂中含有8种脂肪酸,主要为:油酸(45.37％)、亚油酸(30.68％)、棕榈酸(13.60％)和硬脂酸(8.94％),其中不饱和脂肪酸含量达76.29％.番荔枝籽含油量高,脂肪酸种类丰富,尤其是不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,具有较高的开发利用价值.     

多价不饱和脂肪酸分离方法及在橡胶籽油中的应用

介绍了多价不饱和脂肪酸的分离纯化方法 ,以及在橡胶籽油中的应用前景。     

植物乳杆菌共轭亚油酸异构酶基因的克隆、序列分析及重组表达

利用MRS培养基培养植物乳杆菌AS1.555,收集菌体后提取总DNA,用PCR技术扩增其亚油酸异构酶基因,克隆到pQE30质粒载体上,并进行测序.测序结果表明,扩增DNA全长1710 bp,编码569个氨基酸,分子量为64.7 ku.经同源性比较,此核酸序列与罗伊氏乳杆菌、短双歧杆菌、疮疱丙酸杆菌亚油酸异构酶基因核苷酸序列差别较大,推测此基因的来源与上述菌种不同.     

麻疯油制备生物柴油过程中固体酸催化剂的研究

利用高酸值麻疯油中游离脂肪酸与甲醇预酯化反应作为目标反应,通过对几类固体酸（Hβ、HM、SAPO-11、HZSM-5分子筛,D72、DOO5-Ⅱ阳离子交换树脂,ST-Ⅰ、SZ、ST-Ⅱ固体超强酸,TiO2、ZrO2氧化物）的筛选,得到了原料廉价、制备简单、酯化活性高的ST-Ⅱ系列固体酸。固体酸酸强度和酸量的测定表明：对于高酸值麻疯树油中游离脂肪酸与甲醇的预酯化反应,-12.70≤H0≤0.8范围的酸中心具有较好的催化活性。     

In Silico Analysis of Fatty Acid Desaturases Structures in Camelina sativa,and Functional Evaluation of Csafad7 and Csafad8 on Seed Oil Formation and Seed Morphology

Fatty acid desaturases add a second bond into a single bond of carbon atoms in fatty acid chains, resulting in an unsaturated bond between the two carbons. They are classified into soluble and membrane-bound desaturases, according to their structure, subcellular location, and function. The orthologous genes in Camelina sativa were identified and analyzed, and a total of 62 desaturase genes were identified. It was revealed that they had the common fatty acid desaturase domain, which has evolved separately, and the proteins of the same family also originated from the same ancestry. A mix of conserved, gained, or lost intron structure was obvious. Besides, conserved histidine motifs were found in each family, and transmembrane domains were exclusively revealed in the membrane-bound desaturases. The expression profile analysis of C. sativa desaturases revealed an increase in young leaves, seeds, and flowers. C. sativa ω3-fatty acid desaturases CsaFAD7 and CsaDAF8 were cloned and the subcellular localization analysis showed their location in the chloroplast. They were transferred into Arabidopsis thaliana to obtain transgenic lines. It was revealed that the ω3-fatty acid desaturase could increase the C18:3 level at the expense of C18:2, but decreases in oil content and seed weight, and wrinkled phenotypes were observed in transgenic CsaFAD7 lines, while no significant change was observed in transgenic CsaFAD8 lines in comparison to the wild-type. These findings gave insights into the characteristics of desaturase genes, which could provide an excellent basis for further investigation for C. sativa improvement, and overexpression of ω3-fatty acid desaturases in seeds could be useful in genetic engineering strategies, which are aimed at modifying the fatty acid composition of seed oil.