基于电化学及光学法汗液可穿戴传感器的研究进展

对可穿戴汗液传感器进行了简单的阐述,介绍了汗液传感器所需具备的物理化学性能。简述了汗液产生与采集的方式,并根据转换后得到的信号类型(电信号和光信号)将汗液传感器划分为电化学汗液传感器和光学法汗液传感器。根据不同的传感原理将电化学汗液传感器和光学法汗液传感器进一步细分,重点介绍其传感原理及国内外的研究现状,并对不同类型汗液传感器的优缺点进行分析。最后,对当前可穿戴汗液传感器面临的挑战以及未来的发展方向进行了展望。     

硅十字梁单块力传感器

本文介绍一种用硅材料制成的十字梁力传感器,它的各主要结构部分是通过微加工技术在同一硅片上得到的。具有灵敏度高、温漂小,成本低、一致性好等优点。本文对器件进行了结构分析、应力计算,得到了各结构参数对器件灵敏度的影响,并在理论分析的指导下制作了高灵敏度的力传感器样品,最高灵敏度可达340mV/10g,适用于小量程范围力的测量。器件还具有过载保护结构。     

湿度传感元件制备、封装及检测电路设计的研究进展

湿度传感器是一种用于感知环境湿度参数的器件,在气象探测、农业种植、工业制造、馆藏存储等领域应用广泛。湿度传感器的检测特性主要由湿敏材料、检测电极、封装及检测电路共同决定,其中湿敏材料的材料特性和结构特征对传感性能的影响最为显著,也是该领域的研究热点。讨论了湿度传感元件的感湿机理和湿敏材料的分类,介绍了湿度传感器的检测参数及优化,阐述了纳米湿敏材料在湿度传感器中的应用,对常用的湿度传感器封装方案和检测电路设计进行了综述。     

无源LC压力传感器的定频读取电路

研究了基于定频模式的无源LC压力传感器的信号读取方法和电路。根据互感耦合电路原理,对基于定频模式的信号读取技术进行了理论分析,并结合MATLAB软件仿真,得出在一定参数设置下,采用直接数字频率合成器(DDS)产生高频正弦电压信号以激励读取线圈,提取线圈端阻抗参数和采样电阻上的电压值,可以实现LC压力传感器信号的高灵敏度检测。理论分析和测试结果表明,该电路能够实现LC压力传感器变化信号的高灵敏度检测,为无线无源LC压力传感器在高温环境中的广泛应用提供了技术基础。     

基于FBG的高灵敏度表面波传感器应变增敏

对目前各种检测管道泄漏的方法进行比较,选择了次声波管道泄漏检测法进行理论分析,重点研究了基于FBG的高灵敏度表面波传感器解调原理,设计了两端夹持式应变增敏式高灵敏度表面波传感器系统方案。     

基于微纳光纤模式干涉仪和石墨烯薄膜的氨气传感器

将单锥微纳光纤模式干涉仪和石墨烯相结合,实现了一种高灵敏度的光纤式氨气传感器,其利用石墨烯的特异性吸附效应及微纳光纤结构的高灵敏度传感特性,通过检测干涉光谱的漂移量实现了对氨气浓度微弱变化的检测.对不同组传感器进行了对比分析,结果表明当光纤直径为3.4μm时最大检测灵敏度为10.8 pm/ppm,与文献中采用其它光纤结构所报道的结果相比几乎提高了一倍.该传感器具有结构简单、易于实现及灵敏度高等优点,在危害气体浓度报警和人体健康检测等领域有潜在的应用前景.     

新型高灵敏长周期光纤光栅溶胶凝胶气敏传感器

通过在长周期光纤光栅包层外涂覆一层溶胶凝胶气敏薄膜,设计了一种新型高灵敏光气敏传感器,折射率分辨率高达10-8.研究了传感器灵敏度随薄膜参数与光栅参量的变化关系,给出了高灵敏度所需的最佳参数设计范围.实验上成功制作了镀膜光纤光栅乙醇传感器.     

基于双开口环型的太赫兹超材料传感器设计

设计了一款可用于检测材料折射率及厚度的双开口环型太赫兹超材料传感器,其结构由双开口方环与圆环嵌套的超材料结构和聚酰亚胺衬底两部分构成.当太赫兹波垂直入射超材料表面时,该传感器结构在0.8～1.8 THz范围内形成三个高Q值谐振峰(中心频率分别为f1,f2和f3).通过探讨超材料结构表面电流分布与三个谐振峰形成的关系,观察到超材料结构对入射太赫兹波的不同响应特性导致产生不同的表面电流分布.此外,还对该传感器在折射率传感和厚度传感方面的应用进行了探究.在待测物厚度一定的情况下,该传感器在谐振频率f1,f2和f3处的传感灵敏度分别可达170,103和119 GHz/RIU,均具有优越的传感特性,可利用其多谐振峰进行高灵敏度折射率传感.这种高灵敏度的多谐振峰折射率传感器可以检测到待测分析物的微小变化,在生物化学检测领域具有广阔的应用前景.     

高灵敏抗冲击光纤光栅微振动传感器

针对高灵敏度的光纤布拉格光栅（FBG）振动传感器的抗冲击可靠性,设计了一种具有限振结构的双悬臂梁型FBG振动传感器,理论分析了结构参数与灵敏度和振动位移的关系,进行了结构优化,确定了限振幅度。制作了限振幅度约为90m的传感器样品,对传感器的加速度灵敏、频率响应、抗冲击性能进行了测试,结果表明,传感器的加速度灵敏度达到525 pm/g,谐振频率约为66 Hz,传感器经过50 g反复冲击,频响特性具有良好重复性,表明传感器具有较高的可靠性。     

基于声表面波的TATP传感器设计

三过氧化三丙酮(TATP)是一种新型的液体炸药。由于TATP分子中不含硝基,传统的一些基于硝基特征检测的技术无法对其进行有效识别检测;而现有针对TATP的检测技术存在预处理繁琐,检测时间长,灵敏度低及需要特殊设备等缺陷,无法满足现场实时、快速检测的需要。该文提出了一种基于声表面波(SAW)技术、针对TATP检测的新型传感器,将高分子材料技术与SAW技术相结合,分别利用新型树枝状高分子敏感材料的高灵敏度和选择性,与SAW传感器高质量敏感性的优点,对TATP进行快速、可靠检测,从而为实现快速防护做好准备。结果表明,该传感器检测阈值最低可达0.5×10^-6,响应速度可达到秒级。     

高灵敏加速度计微弱信号提取电路设计与测试

介绍了一种压阻式高灵敏加速度传感器微弱信号提取电路。该信号提取电路采用两级信号放大设计,两级之间设计有二阶巴特沃兹低通滤波器。本设计电路通过电路仿真软件进行仿真和外接加速度计测试。测试结果表明,该微弱信号检测提取电路可以很好地对高灵敏MEMS加速度计输出的信号进行放大,具体表现为可将传感器输出信号从毫伏级放大到伏级。采用这种电路设计的MEMS高灵敏加速度计输出信号具有良好的低频特性,可以满足高灵敏传感器宽频带测试的需要。     

汗潜指纹紫外偏振反射特性研究(特约)

汗潜指纹是犯罪现场最常见的指印类型,具有特征消失快且不易被检测等特点。根据其特点,使用紫外偏振成像探测技术进行目标检测,相比传统强度图像,偏振参量图像可以提高目标对比度,有助于辨别不同背景中的目标。但紫外偏振成像探测技术对角度、波段及客体材料等较为敏感,所以通过设计合理的实验,分析了汗潜指纹紫外偏振反射特性随角度、波段及客体材料的变化特点。结果表明:汗潜指纹在不同角度下表现出规律的偏振特性;在系统提供的四个光谱偏振通道中,近紫外波段相比之下有很好的可重复性和区分性;不同客体材料偏振特性差异变化较大,对比分析样本的紫外偏振反射特性能有效提高潜指纹的探测和识别性能,为汗潜指纹紫外偏振成像探测技术提供依据。     

用于沥青路面载荷监测的光纤光栅压力传感器

提出了一种可用于沥青路面载荷测量的新型高灵敏度光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)压力传感器.传感器采用金属材料和聚合物相结合的封装形式,通过改变聚合物的几何结构实现了高倍数压力增敏效果,并从理论推导了该传感器的光栅中心波长相对偏移量与加载其上压强之间的解析关系.实验结果表明:该传感器的压力监测灵敏度达到2.39×10-8 Pa-...     

Engineering Materials for Electrochemical Sweat Sensing

Human sweat contains vast physiological information, which has been a promising resource for on-body and real-time health monitoring. Wearable sweat sensors have recently attracted an ever-increasing interest due to their promising capabilities for continuously tracking changes in health status. However, the commercialization of sweat sensors is seriously hindered by drawbacks of materials including high manufacturing and consumables costs, complex integration technology, as well as limited electrochemical signal transduction. In this review, sweat sensing principles are elaborately interpreted, and the latest advances in functional materials for biomarkers sensing in sweat are systematically summarized. Subsequently, the complex structure–activity relationships between various functional materials and sensing capabilities are further elucidated by coupling chemical structures, geometrics, electrochemical properties, and approaches for materials manufacturing. Furthermore, the integration of each component into sensing device for sweat detection and analysis is also discussed. Finally, challenges and opportunities for wearable sweat sensors are delineated in the development of future personalized and predictive healthcare.     

基于磁流包覆冷却拉锥全光纤磁场传感器特性研究

为提高光纤传感器磁场检测中的敏感度,进一步实现弱磁场环境中的高精度场强勘测,提出一种基于磁流包覆与冷却拉锥透射式全光纤高灵敏磁场传感器,拉锥过程采用间歇式停顿冷却技术,可更加便捷获得高质量干涉谱,减缓光子晶体光纤空气孔塌缩,制作工艺简单,具有可操纵性强、灵敏度高、损耗小等优势,实现了高灵敏磁场环境实时在线检测,并对传感器的变温影响进行了讨论。实验结果表明,光子晶体光纤的拉锥长度为5.5mm、腰椎直径为75μm时,可得到良好的干涉光谱,在0~78 Oe(1 Oe■79.578A·m-1)磁场范围内,灵敏度达95pm/Oe,线性拟合度为98.31%。     

太赫兹超材料生物检测应用研究进展

超材料作为一种具备超常物理性质的人工复合材料,能够突破常规材料的限制,为设计先进功能材料开辟一种全新的思路。太赫兹波由于具有光子能量低、对生物物质无电离损害和分子指纹谱等特性,通过与超材料结合,可实现对生物物质高灵敏检测,越来越受到国内外学者的广泛关注。本文总结了近几年来太赫兹超材料传感器在生物分子和细胞检测领域上取得的进展,首先介绍了太赫兹超材料传感器的传感原理和性能指标,其次从超材料结构设计、衬底选择、以及与微流控和新材料结合等方面阐述了太赫兹超材料传感器在生物检测领域的发展。通过对超材料结构进行优化、采用低介电常数薄型衬底、结合微流控技术或在传感器上粘附新材料涂层,可进一步提高超材料传感器的灵敏度,并丰富其在生物医学检测上的功能。最后,对太赫兹超材料传感器的发展趋势和前景进行了展望。     

Wearable and Miniaturized Sensor Technologies for Personalized and Preventive Medicine

The unprecedented medical achievements of the last century have dramatically improved our quality of life. Today, the high cost of many healthcare approaches challenges their long‐term financial sustainability and translation to a global scale. The convergence of wearable electronics, miniaturized sensor technologies, and big data analysis provides novel opportunities to improve the quality of healthcare while decreasing costs by the very early stage detection and prevention of fatal and chronic diseases. Here, some exciting achievements, emerging technologies, and standing challenges for the development of non‐invasive personalized and preventive medicine devices are discussed. The engineering of wire‐ and power‐less ultra‐thin sensors on wearable biocompatible materials that can be placed on the skin, pupil, and teeth is reviewed, focusing on common solutions and current limitations. The integration and development of sophisticated sensing nanomaterials are presented with respect to their performance, showing exemplary implementations for the detection of ultra‐low concentrations of biomarkers in complex mixtures such as the human sweat and breath. This review is concluded by summarizing achievements and standing challenges with the aim to provide directions for future research in miniaturized medical sensor technologies.     

Wearable Optical Sensing of Strain and Humidity: A Patterned Dual-Responsive Semi-Interpenetrating Network of a Cholesteric Main-Chain Polymer and a Poly(ampholyte)

Main-chain cholesteric liquid crystal polymers are a promising candidate for the development of responsive photonic devices due to the combination of selective reflection and soft, elastic properties, but it is difficult to enhance these materials with new kinds of responsiveness due to the inherent lack of mesogenic side groups. Here, a new strategy is showed to obtain a dual-responsive elastic cholesteric polymer material by preparing a semi-interpenetrating network consisting of a cholesteric main-chain polymer and a hygroscopic poly(ampholyte). The material is shown to undergo a redshift of the reflected color upon swelling with water, while the color blueshifts when a strain is applied. Color patterns can be prepared by localized photopolymerization at different temperatures, leading to brightly colored responsive images with high contrast. Due to the elastic nature of the material, it can easily be made into a wearable device, and its application as a multifunctional smart sensor for sweat detection and movement detection is demonstrated. The results show that new responsiveness can be added to main-chain cholesteric polymers by preparation of interpenetrating networks, which can be further extended to develop various kinds of multi-responsive smart materials.     

Coated long-period fiber gratings as high-sensitivity optochemical sensors

In this paper, the numerical and the experimental analyses of coated long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) as a high-sensitivity optochemical sensor are presented. The proposed structure relies on LPFGs coated with nanoscale high refractive index chemical-sensitive overlays. The deposition of overlays with refractive index higher than the cladding one leads to a modification of the cladding-mode distribution. If the overlay features are properly chosen, a strong field enhancement within the overlay occurs, leading to an excellent sensitivity of the cladding-mode distribution to the coating properties. The effects of overlay thickness and cladding-mode order on sensor performances have been numerically and experimentally investigated. In order to provide a high-sensitivity and species-specific optochemical sensor, this mechanism has been proved with nanoscale overlays of syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) in the nanoporous crystalline /spl delta/ form. The sensitive material has been chosen in light of its selectivity and high sorption properties towards chlorinated and aromatic compounds. Sensor probes were prepared by using dip-coating technique and an adequate procedure to obtain the /spl delta/-form sPS. Experimental demonstration of the sensor capability to perform subparts-per-million detection of chloroform in water at room temperature is also reported.