胜利孤岛注聚原油破乳剂的筛选与性能评价

以研究孤岛注聚原油乳状液破乳为目的,通过瓶试法和界面性质的测定,筛选了多种类型的原油破乳剂,考察了破乳剂质量浓度、聚合物和原油组分对破乳效果的影响,探讨了原油乳状液的破乳机理。结果表明,破乳剂BF-069质量浓度在100mg/L,50℃条件下,脱水率达到70%以上,现场温度稍微升高,脱水率达到85%左右,破乳剂BF-069已在胜利油田应用,现场使用效果良好;聚合物质量浓度在50mg/L时,原油乳状液最难破乳;原油中不同组分对破乳效果的影响不同,油水界面性质的测定表明,胶质和沥青质是影响原油破乳的主要因素。     

聚合物对原油乳状液稳定性的影响

为了全面研究聚合物驱对孤岛油田原油乳状液稳定性的影响,通过结合瓶试法和光散射法研究驱油剂对原油乳状液稳定性的影响。用瓶试法可以得到宏观脱水率,用光散射法可以得到稳定性系数、平均粒径变化、澄清度的变化以及出水层峰的厚度等。结果表明,随着原油乳状液中聚合物浓度的增加,原油乳状液的脱水率减少,稳定性系数减小,原油乳状液平均粒径减小,破乳后脱出水澄清度减小,出水层峰的厚度减小。     

Effect of microscopic aggregation behavior on polymer shear resistance

The study of polymer aggregation behavior effect on shear resistance shed light on the synthesis of antishear polymer for oil displacement and enhances the application effect of polymer flooding. The effects of mechanical degradation on the properties of polymer solutions were studied by using partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), hydrophobically modified HPAM (HMPAM), and dendritic hydrophobic associative polymers (DHAP), which are characterized by “granular,” “chain,” and “cluster” aggregation behavior, respectively. The results show that mechanical shearing can dramatically reduce the performance of polymer solution. The shearing resistance can be effectively enhanced by improving the polymer aggregation behavior. After being strongly sheared, hydrophobically associating polymers can still partially restore its network through hydrophobic association, therefore rebuild the solution viscosity. For DHAP, the broken molecular chains distribute more evenly in solution after shearing. In addition, the strength of reconstructed network structure of DHAP is better than that of HMAPM, which implies a better shear resistance. Furthermore, the hydrophobic association of linear polymers will increase their static adsorption on quartz sand. Meanwhile, DHAP with stronger spatial structure has less static adsorption, which is beneficial to maintain a higher polymer concentration in solution. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 137, 48670.     

驱油用聚表剂乳化性能评价方法

目前,对于聚表剂多采用瓶试法来表征其乳化性能,本研究讨论了聚表剂水溶液原油乳液的制备方法,在瓶试法研究的基础上,通过油砂吸附前后粘度及析水率评价,乳液稳定性评价,乳液微观结构观测等方法评价了驱油用聚表剂的乳化性能,丰富了聚表剂乳化性能表征手段。     

二元复合驱采出液稳定性及破乳研究

用红岗原油、聚合物和表面活性剂配制二元复合驱模拟采出液,考察了化学剂对乳液稳定性的影响,并研究了破乳剂FPW-1的破乳性能.结果表明,聚合物、表面活性剂对乳液的稳定性均有影响,二者存在明显的协同效应,致使原油采出液更加稳定,破乳难度加剧;FPW-1破乳剂对于红岗油田二元复合驱模拟采出液具有较好的破乳性能.     

破乳剂浓度对聚合物驱原油乳状液破乳及界面性质影响

研究了嵌段聚醚型破乳剂对孤岛原油乳状液破乳和油水界面性质的影响。实验结果表明,对于三嵌段聚醚类破乳剂来说,破乳剂浓度在0~100 mg/L时,随着破乳剂浓度的增加,孤岛原油所形成的乳状液分水率增加,乳状液稳定性降低,破乳剂浓度继续增加,原油乳状液的分水率有所降低。而原油与含聚合物的水溶液间的界面张力随破乳剂浓度增加逐渐降低,界面剪切粘度有一最小值。界面张力及界面剪切粘度降低是乳状液稳定性降低与分水率增加的主要原因。     

石油磺酸盐对原油界面性质及其乳状液稳定性的影响

The influence of petroleum sulphonate （TRS） on interfacial properties and stability of the emulsions formed by formation water and asphaltene, resin and crude model oils from Gudong crude oil was investigated by measurement of interfacial shear viscosity, interfacial tension （IFT） and emulsion stability. With increasing petroleum sulphonate concentration, IFT between the formation water and the asphaltene, resin and crude model oils decreases significantly. The interfacial shear viscosity and emulsion stability of asphaltene and crude model oil system increase for the petroleum sulphonate concentration in the range 0.1% to 0.3%, and decrease slightly when the concentration of the surfactant is 0.5%. There exists a close correlation between the interfacial shear viscosity and the stability of the emulsions formed by asphaltene or crude model oils and petroleum sulphonate solution. The stability of the emulsions is determined by the strength of the interfacial film formed of petroleum sulphonate molecules and the natural interfacial active components in the asphaltene fraction and the crude oil. The asphaltene in the crude oil plays a major role in determining the interfacial properties and the stability of the emulsions.     

无机盐对新疆油田二元驱过程中乳状液影响研究

乳状液稳定性对于化学驱提高原油采收率具有非常重要的作用,稳定性过强会导致采出液破乳困难;稳定性过弱,乳状液会很快破乳,使复合驱油体系波及体积受到影响。系统研究了不同类型无机盐对新疆油田二元复合驱油体系乳状液稳定性的影响。结果表明,无机盐可以加速水包油型乳状液的破乳,特别是二价阳离子,能将破乳率提高1倍以上;阴离子的种类对乳状液的稳定性影响较弱。无机盐对乳状液破乳效率的影响与离子价态和Zeta电位有关。     

孤岛原油乳状液稳定性影响因素研究

通过乳状液稳定性实验考察了孤岛原油乳状液稳定性影响因素。结果表明,低剪切作用下,部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)与原油作用1d和54d,所测得其浓相体积分数很快接近零,即HPAM与原油所形成的乳状液稳定性较低。而当溶液中存在50μg/g固体颗粒蒙脱土时,测得其与原油作用1d和54d后的浓相体积分数都约0.08。当溶液中同时含有固体颗粒与HPAM时,测得其与原油作用后所形成的乳状液浓相体积分数很快达到零,固体颗粒与HPAM的协同作用对原油乳状液稳定性有较大影响。另外,随着盐浓度、温度的增加,孤岛原油所形成的乳状液稳定性降低。在30000r/min高速剪切作用下,测得聚合物、固体颗粒模拟水体系与原油间所形成的乳状液浓相体积分数约为0.3,可形成较稳定的乳状液。     

The effect of monoethylene glycol on the stability of water-in-oil emulsions

It is important from both a strategic and economic standpoint to study the mechanism of formation of water/oil emulsions, to predict their increase of viscosity with respect to that of the crude oil, and to obtain information about the stability vs separation of these substances (since their presence can impair oil processing and distribution). The objective of this work was to ascertain the influence of monoethylene glycol (MEG) on these parameters and its action mechanism. The addition of MEG in different proportions in the oil emulsions significantly changed the flow curve of the emulsion, passing from a quasi-Newtonian one to a shear thinning behaviour. Besides this, when MEG was present at low concentrations, the demulsification process was slow and an increase in concentration made the emulsions more stable than samples containing the same aqueous phase proportion. Under the conditions studied, the addition of MEG did not reduce the quantity of the aqueous phase separated compared to the emulsions free of MEG, but significantly delayed the demulsification process. Rheology provided important information regarding the phase separation process of the aqueous phase in oil phase emulsions, and dynamic testing suggested that the most relevant effect of the addition of MEG is an increase of the emulsion elasticity that can be correlated with the increase in the emulsion stability observed by bottle test and Turbiscan.     

原油中酸性组分对油/水乳状液的影响研究

原油中的酸性组分是天然表面活性物质,影响油/水乳状液的稳定性,相关研究对采出液破乳有重要参考价值。作者研究了原油中酸性组分对油/水乳状液破乳效果、乳状液粘度、油/水接触角、界面膜强度的影响,结果如下:随w(酸性组分)从2.25%增加到2.65%,85℃时,脱水率由81.2%降低至14%,粘度由212.3mPa·s增加到1 452mPa·s,乳状液的稳定性大幅度增加;随w(酸性组分)增加,油/水接触角减小,界面膜强度增加;虽然间隔都是0.2%,w(酸性组分)为2.25%和2.45%时,油/水接触角、单滴破裂率相差较大,但w(酸性组分)为2.45%和2.65%时相差较小。     

The influence of NaOH on the stability of paraffinic crude oil emulsion

The alkaline–surfactant–polymer flooding using sodium hydroxide as the alkali component to enhance oil recovery at the on shore oil fields at Daqing in China has brought new problems for the oil industry. Even though, the reservoir contained paraffinic crude oil, the alkali added formed stable water-in-crude oil emulsion and de-emulsification process was necessary to separate oil and water.The problems related in the enhanced oil recovery process using the alkaline–surfactant–polymer flooding technique in the Daqing oil field have been investigated in the laboratory using fractions of Daqing crude oil. The oil was separated into asphaltene and aliphatic fractions and then used in an additive free jet oil to form model oils. The emulsion stability of each of the water-in-model oil emulsions formed between water or 0.6% sodium hydroxide solution and model oil was investigated. The interfacial properties such as interfacial tension and interfacial pressure of the systems were also measured. These in combination with the chemical nature of the fractions were used to get insight into the problem related to the ASP flooding technique using sodium hydroxide as the alkaline component.The study reveals that the sodium hydroxide solution reacts with fatty acids in the aliphatic fraction of the crude oil and/or with the fatty acids formed from the slow oxidation of long chain hydrocarbons, and form soap like interfacially active components. These accumulate at the crude oil–water interface and contribute to the stability of the oil/water emulsion.     

胜利坨11南交联聚合物驱采出液油水界面性质及乳状液稳定性研究

用界面张力仪、表面粘弹性仪和Zeta电位仪测定了胜利坨11南原油模拟油与采出水间的界面特性,研究了聚合物、交联剂及弱凝胶对这些界面特性及乳状液稳定性的影响。结果表明,模拟水中加入聚合物、弱凝胶后,模拟水与原油模拟油间的界面张力、界面剪切粘度和油滴表面的Zeta电位绝对值增加,原油与含聚合物和弱凝胶的模拟水间所形成的W/O和O/W乳状液稳定性随聚合物、弱凝胶浓度增加而增强;交联剂对原油模拟油与模拟水间的界面性质及所形成的乳状液稳定性影响很小。     

沥青质和胶质对辽河稠油乳状液破乳的影响

针对辽河曙光稠油乳状液粘度大、破乳难、破乳温度高等问题,以曙光稠油为研究对象,从中分离出沥青质和胶质,用傅里叶变换红外光谱法分析其主要官能团,考察沥青质和胶质对稠油乳状液粘度及破乳效果的影响。测定了不同含量胶质、沥青质对稠油油／水界面张力的影响。结果证实,沥青质比胶质含有羟基多,分子间氢键作用强烈,更容易造成原油粘稠。随着叫（胶质）、训（沥青质）升高,稠油乳状液脱水率降低,w（沥青质）超过2．1％,或w（胶质）超过32％时,稠油乳状液的破乳十分困难。w（胶质）、w（沥青质）的增高会使破乳剂水溶液与原油的界面张力增大,w（沥青质）增加0．7％比叫（胶质）增加7％原油的界面张力升高还要大,所以训（沥青质）的增加对油水界面张力影响更大。     

二元聚合物的合成及在稠油破乳中的应用

采用丙烯酸（AA）与自制丙烯酸壬基酚聚醚酯（NPEAA）为原料,在偶氮二异丁腈（AIBN）为引发剂,甲苯为溶剂的条件下,引发聚合制备了二元共聚物稠油破乳剂,采用FTIR、1HNMR对产物结构进行了确证,GPC测试了分子量;采用荧光光谱仪与表面张力仪测得其临界胶束浓度(CMC)为0.5g/L,表面张力为25.684mN/m。并以脱水率和脱出污水含油量为衡量指标,探讨了不同因素下聚合物破乳剂对陈庄稠油W/O乳液的破乳脱水性能,确定最佳破乳条件：温度55?C,时间2h,用量0.5g/L时,脱水率为88.5%,脱出水中含油量为198.4mg/L。研究了聚合物破乳剂对乳状液表观粘度、体系稳定性、油水界面的影响以及微观破乳过程,探讨分析得出聚合物破乳剂在油水界面更易润湿扩散,脱水速率快,破乳效果好。     

丙烯酰胺聚合物与发泡剂对油水界面性质及乳状液稳定性的影响

用界面张力仪、表面黏弹性仪和Zeta电位仪研究了胜利埕东油田聚合物强化泡沫复合驱中聚合物和/或发泡剂质量浓度对油水界面特性及乳状液稳定性的影响.结果表明,随聚合物质量浓度增加,模拟水与原油模拟油间油水界面张力、界面剪切黏度和油滴表面的Zeta电位绝对值增大;而随发泡剂质量浓度增加,模拟水与原油模拟油间的界面张力降低,界面剪切黏度有所增加,但变化幅度很小,油滴表面的Zeta电位绝对值增大;原油模拟油与含聚合物和发泡剂的模拟水间所形成的W/O乳状液稳定性随聚合物和/或发泡剂质量浓度增加而增强.     

大庆油田三元复合驱采出液的油水分离特性

采用室内配制的模拟三元 (碱、表面活性剂、聚合物 )复合驱采出液研究了大庆油田三元复合驱采出液的油水分离特性 ,以模拟采出液为介质采用均匀设计方法研制了一种针对大庆油田三元复合驱采出液的破乳剂并测试了该破乳剂对模拟三元复合驱采出液和实际三元复合驱采出液的破乳效果。     

疏水缔合聚合物剪切降解对SZ36-1油田采出水稳定性影响

研究了不同剪切降解聚合物对原油模拟油与模拟水体系的界面张力、界面剪切粘度、Zeta电位的影响.结果表明,水相为疏水缔合聚合物溶液时,随聚合物剪切降解程度增加,原油模拟油油水界面张力降低,界面剪切粘度减小,Zeta电位的绝对值总体呈增加趋势.     

Rheological investigation of a random copolymer of polyacrylamide and polyacryloyl hydrazide (PAM‐ran‐PAH) for oil recovery applications

In this article, we synthesize and investigate the rheological properties of a random copolymer PAM‐ran‐PAH of polyacrylamide (PAM) and polyacryloyl hydrazide (PAH) and compare with the results of PAM at different temperature (30 and 80 °C) and salinity (0 and 1.0 wt %). At 30 °C, both PAM and PAM‐ran‐PAH exhibited non‐Newtonian rheology with both shear thinning and shear thickening responses. The rheological properties such as viscosity and moduli (G′ and G″) of PAM significantly deformed at elevated temperature (80 °C) and salinity (1.0 wt %), resulting no recovery in viscosity and moduli. On the other hand, the effect of temperature and salinity was found to be least on PAM‐ran‐PAH and showed better stability with the possibility of recovering its original rheological properties. The performance of PAM and PAM‐ran‐PAH was also characterized by enhanced oil recovery tests. The use of PAM‐ran‐PAH for polymer flooding, due to its stable rheology, resulted in an increase in the oil recovery than PAM. In general, the rheological behavior of PAM‐ran‐PAH as a chemical agent proved to be thermally stable than PAM, which clearly supports its use for saline environment and high temperature applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 44648.     

The performance of polymer solutions in enhanced oil recovery: studies on their rheological,interfacial, and porous media behaviors

Four polymeric solutions based on xanthan, high and low molecular weight sulfonated polyacrylamides, and hydrolyzed polyacrylamide were prepared in aqueous solutions and their behaviors in enhanced oil recovery applications were investigated. The effect of thermal aging on polymer solutions was evaluated through rheological measurement. Pendant drop method was also used for measuring the interfacial tension (IFT) between crude oil and brine containing different polymer solutions. Moreover, the zeta potential of the oil reservoir particles treated with oil and polymer was determined by electrophoresis method in a nano-zeta meter instrument. In addition, sand pack and core flooding setup were used for evaluating the effectiveness of the polymer solutions in porous media. Polymer solutions displayed non-Newtonian behavior in almost the whole range of the shear rate applied; a shear thinning behavior was seen. Furthermore, the aging of polymers in formation water decreased the shear viscosity of all the polymers. The oil/water IFT decreased by the addition of polymers to water. The effect of xanthan polymer on zeta potential value was greater than that of the three acrylamide-based polymers. According to sand pack tests, by increasing the polymer concentration, the incremental oil recovery initially increased up to a polymer concentration of 3,500 ppm and then started to fall. Recovery factor increased from 50 to 65 % using the polymer solution in core flooding experiments. By increasing the injection rate from 0.2 to 3 mL/min, the injected fluid had less time to sweep the pores and consequently the amount of recovered oil decreased.