Das Zügelgurt‐Fachwerk der Muldebrücke Wurzen

The truss stayed structure of the Mulde bridge Wurzen. The new Mulde Bridge in the course of the B 6 at Wurzen has a total length of 530 m and is composed of a 215 m long bridge over the river Mulde and a 315 m long approach bridge. Specific conditions of the alignment and the gradient, of flood protection and high aesthetic demands had to be considered and did lead to an exceptional solution for the river crossing. Designed was a triangle truss stayed structure, which is positioned in the midstrip of the road and follows the curvature of the alignment. The paper describes the design process, gives some details of the calculations and an insight into the elements of the construction. Possible design alternatives are reflected and the potential of the construction type is discussed.     

Neubau der ÖBB‐Donaubrücke Tulln – ein innovatives Brückentragwerk

104 Jahre nach ihrer Erbauung wurde die Eisenbahnbrücke der Österreichischen Bundesbahnen (ÖBB) über die Donau in Tulln einer Generalsanierung unterzogen. Als Tragsystem der neuen Brücke wurde eine Fachwerkverbundkonstruktion mit untenliegender Fahrbahn gewählt. Nach nur 16 Monaten Bauzeit konnte mit der Inbetriebnahme im Oktober 2009 ein Stück europäische Brückenbaugeschichte geschrieben werden. Für die Demontage der bestehenden Tragwerke und die Montage des neuen Tragwerks inklusive der Ausrüstung für den Bahnbetrieb stand eine 7‐monatige Streckensperre zur Verfügung. Die Herstellung des Ersatzneubaus des 440 m langen Brückentragwerks unter möglichst geringer Beeinträchtigung des Straßen‐, Bahn‐ und Schiffsverkehrs stellte höchste Anforderungen an den Bauherrn, die Planer und die ARGE Donaubrücke Tulln. Errection of the ÖBB‐Donaubrücke Tulln – an innovative bridge construction. 104 years after being built, the railway bridge of the Österreichischen Bundesbahnen (ÖBB) across the Danube at Tulln, Austria, has been completely refurbished. The new bridge is based on a composite over‐deck truss construction. After a construction time of only 16 months, commissioning in October 2009 was the last step in a project that will make European bridge construction history. For the dismantling of the existing supporting structure and the assembly of the new one incl. the railway facilities, the railway line was blocked for 7 months. Replacing the 400‐m long supporting structure while keeping the effects on road, rail and shipping traffic to the lowest possible level put highest demands on owner, planners and ARGE Donaubrücke Tulln.     

Die Stahlverbundbrücke über die Müglitz im Zuge der Autobahn Dresden–Prag – Entwurf und Ausführung

The composite bridge across the Müglitz on the highway Dresden–Prag. Design and construction. The bridge across the Müglitz transfers the newly built Federal Highway A17 over the small town Dohna near by Dresden. The bridge has a total length of 310 m and crosses a railway, a state highway and the river Müglitz. The bridge dominates the townscape. Extensive design investigations were performed to find the technically and aesthetically right solution for the given situation. Chosen and built was a continuous girder bridge as a composite structure with a span sequence of 45 – 55 – 55 – 55 – 55 – 45 m. The construction is composed of two bridges, one for each carriageway. Each superstructure has two airtight steel box girders, which are in composition with the concrete deck slab. To give the bridge a differentiated view, the main girders are built with shallow but significant haunches and emphasized stiffening boxes in the bearing zones. In the design of the composite columns these criteria reappear in the widening of the column heads and the eight‐cornered cross‐sections. Special consideration was given to a simple fabrication and an unproblematic erection with as far as possible reduced welding at the site. The article covers the planning and the building of the bridge. In addition experiences made in building other bridges with airtight box girders are reported.     

Bewertung einer alten genieteten Stahlbrücke – Die Bösebrücke in Berlin

Evaluation of an old riveted steel bridge – The Böse‐Bridge in Berlin, Germany. This report is about the recalculation of the Böse‐Bridge in Berlin which was built between 1912 and 1916. A special feature of this three‐bayed truss arch bridge is the nickel steel used in the main bay. Different models have been used to recalculate the main structure, the truss nodes and the carriageway slab. The static analysis is based on the semi‐probabilistic concept. As a result of this recalculation the construction was classified to have the bridge capacity 30‐30 according to DIN 1072. Finally, this report concludes by determining the remaining lifetime depending on the concept of the Wöhler curves.     

Die neue Rheinbrücke Wesel – Entwurfsplanung und Ausschreibung

The new Rhine Bridge Wesel in the course of the B 58n is being under construction. The bridge has a total length of 773 m and will be executed as a cable‐stayed bridge with a main span of 335 m. With its 130 m tall pylon the construction will strongly mark the flat Rhine‐landscape in that place. The bridge construction is divided into a 409 m long steel structure across the river and a 364 m long prestressed concrete structure across the flood area on the left side of the Rhine. Both structures are rigid linked near the pylon. The paper describes the static, constructive and architectural specifics of the design and gives an insight in the process of tendering and awarding.     

箱形截面杆件三角形钢桁架人行天桥结构设计

南京市玄武大道樱铁村人行天桥设计为三角形钢桁架桥,所有杆件均为箱形截面,腹杆直接抵焊在弦杆上,不设节点板。重点介绍了该桥桁架节点构造设计中,在箱形弦杆内部设加劲隔板构造的方案;以及桥面板设计中,采用压型钢板组合桥面板的创新做法。这些关键技术的解决,使该桥结构设计具有一定的特色和优越性,值得推广和应用。     

Rheinbrücke Breisach – Umbau und Instandsetzung einer 45 Jahre alten Stahlkonstruktion

The Rhine Bridge at Breisach – Alteration and maintenance work at a 45‐years‐old steel structure across the river Rhine. The Breisach Rhine Bridge between Breisach in Baden‐Württemberg, Germany, and Neuf‐Brisach in Alsace, France, is next to the Europe Bridge Kehl–Strasbourg the most important road connection between the two countries. The three‐pillar road bridge was built in 1962 using the foundation of an old railway bridge. The box girder of the bridge is welded as well as riveted and bolted. Both the design of the curb with its underseepage – a feature that was often used at that time but is now out of favour – and damages at the drain pipes in the girder box led to significant corrosion damage. In the future a bicycle lane will run over the bridge. For this an enlargement of the southern footpath is required. Bridge repair and maintenance work began in the spring of 2008. In this paper not only the details of the projects will be considered, but also the solutions to the problems discovered during repair work. An additional special feature of the bridge is the fact that two road construction agencies, one French, one German, are in charge of maintenance.     

Ertüchtigung der genieteten Stahlbrücken am Beispiel von zwei Straßenbrücken über den Fluss Marosch in Rumänien

Genietete Stahlbrücken sind heute beinahe nur noch als Eisenbahnbrücken im Einsatz. Es gibt eine relativ geringe Anzahl an genieteten Straßenbrücken, die auf Nebenstraßen in Betrieb sind. Sie sind i. A. in schlechtem technischem Zustand. Dieser Aufsatz ist ein Plädoyer für die Ertüchtigung und Erhaltung dieser Bauwerke als Zeugen einer vergangenen technischen Kultur und Beispiel für eine ansehnliche Stahlkonstruktion. Es werden zwei Fallstudien präsentiert: eine Fachwerkbrücke mit vier Spannweiten von 40 m und ein Fachwerkgerberträger mit einer Gesamtlänge von L = 185,4 m. Maintenance of riveted steel bridges exemplary shown with two highway bridges across the river Marosch in Romania. Riveted steel structures are in present mainly railway bridges. There is a small number of existing highway bridges, generally in bad technical condition. The paper is a speech for the maintenance of these structures as technical monuments and witnesses of the past. Two case studies are presented: a truss girder bridge with fore spans of 40 m and a cantilever truss girder bridge with a total length of 185.4 m.     

Monitoring der neuen Schrägseilbrücke über den Chao Phraya,Nonthaburi, Thailand

Monitoring of the new cable‐stayed bridge over the Chao Phraya, Nonthaburi, Thailand To the north of Bangkok (Thailand), a new motorway section has been realized in recent years to relieve the surrounding routes in Nonthaburi Province, whose main characteristic is an extra‐dosed bridge over the Chao Phraya river with a total length of 460 m. The building consists of two pylons with golden domes and 96 stay cables carrying a box girder cross‐section designed for six lanes across the river. To monitor the structural behavior of the bridge an extensive monitoring system was awarded by the client to DYWIDAG Systems International GmbH in cooperation of Schimetta Consult who have optimized, designed and realized the system. 45 sensors are monitoring permanently temperatures, strains and deflections of the bridge, inclinations of the pylons, movements of the expansion joints, wind velocities, accelerations and cable forces. The data are automatically stored on site, provided via a UMTS connection to an external server within a few minutes, enabling continuous display of the signals on a homepage for easy access by the client. In addition, the measurement data are being summarized on a half‐year base and the results are submitted to the clients by a measurement report. The monitoring system is continuously acquiring data since opening of the structure early 2015 to regular traffic, enabling a very good insight to the structural behaviour.     

ÖBB Steyrtalbrücke – Belastungsprobe und Langzeitmessungen

ÖBB Steyrtalbridge – Load test and long term measurements At km 65,621 of the railroad track between Linz and Selzthal the Steyrtalbridge was rebuilt in the years 2013 and 2014. The essential design criterion from the client ÖBB Infrastruktur AG was the endeavor of an optimized bridge under consideration of life‐cylce‐cost, which among other things despite a bridge length of 182 m can be designed without high‐maintenance breather switches. Based on the current standards and certain design flexibilities, which are allowed in the codes special ways and techniques were used to calculate the rail tension. With this results of the rail‐structure‐interaction it was possible to design without breather switches. As consequence of the assumptions in the planning process it was necessary to make comprehensive measurements which shall give information of the real behavior of the bridge and compare them with the assumptions and results of the static calculation. Therefor static and dynamic load test were performed before opening to regular traffic. In addition long term measurements were carried out to evaluate the load‐bearing behavior over time and to confirm the calculation approaches for the verification of the rail‐structure‐interaction. In this article the planning of the monitoringsystem, the implementation and results of the load test and the following long term measurements are illustrated.     

Die Orinoco‐Brücke in Ciudad Guayana/Venezuela – Doppel‐Schrägkabelbrücke mit Verbundüberbau für Straßen‐ und Eisenbahngüterverkehr

The Orinoco River Bridge at Ciudad Guayana / Venezuela – a twin cable‐stayed bridge with steel composite bridge deck for road plus heavy rail traffic. The Orinoco Bridge at Ciudad Guayana carries a single track railway and a 2 × 2 lane highway across the Orinoco. The river has with low water a width of 1 km and with high water a width of 2 km. The total bridge length of 3156 m is subdivided into – the 1320 m long south approach bridge – the 1200 m long twin cable‐stayed bridge – the 636 m long north approach bridge. The bridge deck is a steel composite box girder and was erected partly by launching and partly by free cantilevering erection. The bridge is founded on large diameter bore‐piles. The paper deals with the design, special aspects of the calculation and the construction.     

Brückenbauen mit neuen Werkstoffen: Die Fußgängerbrücke über die Bayerstraße in München

Building bridges with new materials: Pedestrian bridge over the Bayerstraße in Munich. For the pedestrian bridge across the Bayerstraße in Munich, grade S 690 high‐strength steel was used for the first time (fig. 1). The bridge provides a barrier‐free connection for pedestrians and cyclists between a local railway station, Hackerbrücke and the Theresienwiese, where the ‘Oktoberfest’ is held annually. It was planned as a hybrid arch construction and spans 38 meters, crossing a major traffic artery consisting of two tram lanes, four car lanes, two bicycle lanes and two footpaths. The use of circular hollow steel sections in this new grade S 690 resulted in a slim, elegant, lightly curved design with minimal dead weight. A spatial truss, rigid in torsion and made up of a concrete slab as upper chord, a circular steel section as bottom chord (grade S 690) and steel tubes as diagonal bracing between the two, serves to stabilize the arch. The bridge superstructure, including the concrete slab, was completely prefabricated and transported to the site in one piece on a low‐boarding truck. It took a mobile crane only a few hours to heave the bridge onto its supports.     

Die neue Lahntalbrücke Limburg im Zuge der BAB 3 – Wettbewerb und Entwurf

The new bridge over the river Lahn near Limburg as part of BAB 3, Germany – Competition and Design The effort of the responsible engineers and architects at the Lahntalbrücke Limburg always becomes clear when a new well‐designed bridge structure is needed for the representative Lahn valley. To handle the steadily increasing traffic prestressed concrete structures have gained acceptance for both replacement constructions. Both constructions also convince optically through their simplicity while leaving the creative presence of the cathedral in the valley unchanged.     

大跨度钢桁梁悬索桥临时连接方式分析研究

在大跨度钢桁梁悬索桥建造中,不同的钢桁梁段间的连接方式会直接影响桁架结构的实时与成桥的内力分布状态,所以临时连接方式的选择非常重要。以杨泗港长江公路大桥作为研究背景工程,分析逐步铰接法、逐步刚接法、适时铰接法3种连接方式进行对比,比选参数分别主要为钢桁梁构件和临时连接的受力情况、吊索索力等,获得结论为逐步刚接法因不能保证结构安全而不可行,逐步铰接法和适时铰接法安全可以保障,虽然适时铰接法需较多仿真计算和现场监测数据共同分析来确定钢桁梁铰接时机增加了工作难度,但在下弦杆的临时连接的措施下,比逐步铰接法的整体结构刚度和稳定性要好。此外,考虑在架梁过程中适当增加配重有利于主缆和主梁提前接近于成桥线形状态,并且可降低临时连接的受力大小的情况下,故以适时铰接法为研究基础,比较适时铰接法+无配重、适时铰接法+等额配重、适时铰接法+部分配重3种连接方式来分析配重的影响,得知采用适时铰接法+部分配重的连接方式的钢桁梁构件和吊索各项指标均为适宜,不仅较适时铰接法+无配重提前将下弦杆进行闭合可铰接状态,增加了主梁结构的刚度和稳定性,又较适时铰接法+等额配重中吊索索力安全系数满足要求,是最优的临时连接方式。     

VFT‐WIB‐Brücke bei Vigaun – Verbundbrücke mit externer Bewehrung

VFT‐WIB viaduct in Vigaun – a composite bridge with external reinforcement. With the introduction of the composite dowel the possibility is given to develop new construction methods for bridges. The VFT‐WIB construction method is used for the first time for the road bridge in Vigaun/Austria, which is in service since autumn 2008. The cross‐section is composed out of two prefabricated elements with halved rolled girders, working as bottom flange. The composite dowels are manufactured by cutting the rolled girder into two halves with a special cutting‐line. These halved girders work as external reinforcement, which leads to very slender and economical composite structures. Below details about the planning process, the design and the construction process of 78m long three span framing bridge over the railway line from Salzburg to Wörgl are shown.     

郑州黄河公铁两用桥主桥第一联钢梁架设技术研究

郑州黄河公铁两用桥是目前世界上最长的公铁两用桥梁。其主桥第一联为(121+5×168+121)m六塔单索面钢桁结合梁斜拉桥,采用无断面联结系、无上平联的三主桁斜边桁空间桁架形式,结构新颖,施工难度大。由于其顶推长度长、重量重、跨度大等,经对架设方案的分析、研究和比较后,最终确定第一联钢桁梁采用多点同步顶推方法施工。该方案减少了高空作业和水上作业,有利于保证钢梁架设的安全、质量和施工进度,同时取消了常规方案中在黄河主河槽内设置的大型临时墩,既保证了施工期内黄河渡汛,又减少了后期河道的清理工作,经济效益和社会效益显著。     

Schrägseilbrücke für Straßenbahn‐, Geh‐ und Radverkehr

Cable‐stayed bridge for tramway, pedestrians, and bike traffic. For the development of the new quarter “Parkstadt Schwabing” in den North of Munich, the transport connection is established by a new tramway, the line 23. Thereby, a new bridge construction became necessary for the crossing of the main circular roadway “Mittlerer Ring” at the Schenkendorfstraße. The extraordinary bridge structure in direct conjunction with the glass enclosure of the Petuel‐tunnel belongs to the most spectacular metropolitan crossing locations of Munich.     

Neubau des Kaiserstegs über die Spree in Berlin

Reconstruction of the Kaisersteg bridge across the river Spree in Berlin. The historic Kaisersteg was erected in 1898 as a three‐span, very delicate combined arch‐/suspension bridge with 2 main pillars and a length of 172 m. The bridge was used by the employees of AEG as a direct connection from the Schöneweide train station to the cable factory Kabelwerk Oberspree. Towards the end of World WarII the bridge was destroyed by the Waffen‐SS and never re‐erected after the war. As part of a rebuilding program for the urban area of Schöneweide, plans were made for a replacement construction of the Kaisersteg bridge. To meet the requirements of the navigability of the river Spree, the piers of the new bridge needed to be placed outside the navigable waterway of 75,00 – 5,25 m. In addition the eccentric position of the waterway had to be considered. These circumstances asked for a solution with only one pier in the river, differing from the historic bridge construction with two main piers. The construction was therefore designed as a two‐span cable‐stayed bridge with spans of 48,3 m – 92,0 m and the about 30 m high pylon. After two years of construction time the Kaisersteg was opened as a pedestrian bridge in September 2007. The following essay describes the detailed design, realisation and construction of the Kaisersteg.     

Die neue Eisenbahnbrücke über den Donaukanal und den Winterhafen in Wien

The new railway bridge across the Donaukanal and the Winterhafen in Vienna. The load tests for the new Winterhafenbrücke performed on September 1, 2008 were the last steps in reconstruction of the railway connection between Donaulände und Donauuferbahn, which was destroyed in April 1945. With a length of 168 m this new single‐line railway bridge, which is designed as a two‐field continuous girder bridge, is the central link and the heart of the project. The bridge spans were realised by triangular trussed girder across the Donaukanal on the one hand and a trough bridge across the Winterhafen on the other. Design, manufacture and assembly of the steel bridge was carried out in different stages and constituted a great technical challenge. The completion of the entire project in September 2009 will be an essential contribution towards shifting commercial transport from the road to the environmentally friendly rail.     

Die Butterfly Bridge in Kopenhagen

Butterfly Bridge in Copenhagen. A bridge for cyclists and pedestrians from downtown to the opera had to be realized allowing a connection of Copenhagens' city center area, the quarter Christianshavn and the new opera. A two‐wings bascule bridge across Christianshavn respectively Trangraven Canal has been the winner's draft of an international competition. If both wings are opened the construction looks like an oversized butterfly. For this reason the habitants of Copenhagen call it Butterfly Bridge. Targeted was sophisticated design, permitting a quick opening as well as a good integration into the historical surroundings.