Si和Mg元素对铝合金熔体采用细化剂效果的影响

研究Si、Mg元素对Al-Ti-C中间合金细化铝合金晶粒效果的影响，并探讨了其影响机制。结果表明：Si、Mg元素均能促进Al-Ti-C中间合金对铝晶粒的细化作用，一般Si的含量在0．5％时，Al-Ti-C的细化效果最佳；在细化处理温度相同的情况下，Mg的促进作用更明显一些，并且不存在“温度效应”。试验表明，当铝合金中同时存在Si、Mg元素时（6063铝合金），Al-Ti-C的细化效果会更加显著。     

AlTiC和Al4B、Al3Ti4B中间合金对纯铝和亚共晶铝硅合金的细化机理

研究了ＡＩＴｉＣ和ＡＩ４Ｂ、ＡＩ３Ｔｉ４Ｂ等中间合金细化剂对纯铝和亚共晶铝硅合金的细化效果和细化机理。实现发现ＡＩ６Ｔｉ０．２Ｃ对纯铝有很好的细化效果,但对高Ｓｉ含量的亚共晶铝硅合金几乎没有细化效果;而ＡＩ４Ｂ、ＡＩ３Ｔｉ４Ｂ等ｗ（Ｔｉ）／ｗ（Ｂ）〈２．２（ｗ（Ｔｉ）／ｗ（Ｂ）＝０时即为ＡＩ－Ｂ合金）的ＡＩＴｉＢ合金对纯铝没有细化效果,但对亚共晶铝硅合金却有非常好的细化效果。上述实验结果与中间合金的成分及其第二相的类型有直接关系,即与不同中间合金的细化机理相关。     

Effects of Adding Process on Yield of Zr Element and Solidification Structure

Zr元素在超高强铝合金中的应用可以追溯到B96铝合金,Zr元素已成为超高强铝合金中不可缺少的微量元素。本实验分别采用Al-Zr中间合金、氟锆酸钾和复合锆盐3种工艺加入Zr元素,研究了熔炼温度对Zr元素收得率和凝固组织的影响,熔炼温度及加入工艺对Zr元素存在形式的影响。结果表明：采用复合锆盐加入法,Zr元素的收得率最高,细化效果最好。在750 ℃采用Al-Zr中间合金加入法,试样中含Zr相较为粗大,组织细化效果不好     

Grain refinement of Al-3.5FeNb-1.5C master alloy on pure Al and Al-9.8Si-3.4Cu alloy

The refinement potential of Al-3.5 Fe Nb-1.5 C master alloy on pure aluminium and Al-9.8 Si-3.4 Cu alloy has been investigated. Different amounts of Al-3.5 Fe Nb-1.5 C master alloy were added to estimate the optimal addition level. It was found that the addition of Al-3.5 Fe Nb-1.5 C grain refiner can promote significantly the refinement of grains in the pure aluminium, particularly at 0.1 wt.%, with the mean primary aluminium α-grain size reducing to 187±3 μm from about 1-3 mm. Similarly, the microstructural study of the Al-9.8 Si-3.4 Cu alloy die casting at different weight percentages(viz. 0.0 wt.%, 0.1 wt.% and 1.0 wt.%) of Al-3.5 Fe Nb-1.5 C master alloy shows that the Al-3.5 Fe Nb-1.5 C master alloy as a grain refiner is also acceptable for Al-Si cast alloys when the silicon content is more than 4 wt.%. As a result of inoculation with Al-3.5 Fe Nb-1.5 C master alloy, the average grain size of α-Al is reduced to 22±3 μm from about 71±3 μm and grain refining efficiency is not characterized by any visible poisoning effect, which is the major limitation in the grain refinement of Al-Si cast alloys by applying Al-Ti-B ternary master alloys. Mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile strength and yield strength are significantly improved by 9.6% and 9.7%, respectively.     

铸态及均匀化处理3003铝锰合金的组织和性能

用SEM和EDS等方法研究了细晶铝锭熔铸的3003铝锰合金以及Al-10Ti中间合金、Al-5Ti-1B中间合金细化的3003铝锰合金铸态及均匀化处理状态的组织和力学性能.结果表明,在铸态情况下,由细晶铝锭熔铸试样的晶粒细小、析出相弥散且细小,力学性能最好,尤其是其伸长率明显高于其他试样;均匀化热处理后,试样的析出相发生了球化,且伸长率有所提高,由细晶铝锭熔铸试样的析出相有粗化趋势,其伸长率略低于Al-10Ti中间合金熔配试样,但仍高于Al-5Ti-1B中间合金熔配试样,因此细晶铝锭可取代Al-10Ti、Al-5Ti-1B中间合金来改善3003铝锰合金的组织及性能.     

辐照参数对激光引燃自蔓延合成Al-Ti-C中间合金的影响

采用激光引燃自蔓延高温合成技术制备Al-Ti-C中间合金,研究了改变激光辐照参数对合成Al-Ti-C中间合金显微组织结构的影响,并用所制备的中间合金对工业纯铝进行细化试验。结果表明:激光辐照时间为1.0s、功率控制在1000W时,制备的Al-Ti-C中间合金生成TiAl3和TiC粒子弥散分布、TiAl3直径在1.5μm左右,TiC粒子直径为1μm。向工业纯铝中加入0.1%的Al-Ti-C中间合金具有最佳的细化效果,细化后晶粒的尺寸为120μm。     

Grain Refinement of Aluminium by Master Alloy AlTi6C1

For the grain refinement of super pure aluminium and commercial pure aluminium,Al-Ti-C master al-loy is better than Al-Ti alloy.It was shown by scanning electron microscope(SEM)and electron-probe mi-croanalyser(EPMA)that when the amount of titanium added is less than 0.15%,grain refinement of superpure aluminium is due to TiC particles rather than peritectic reaction.In addition,the presence of impurityelements in commercial pure aluminium plays an important role in grain refinement.The process of grain re-finement of aluminium by TiC is discussed in light of the TiC thesis.     

铝合金用晶粒细化剂的探讨

综述用于铝合金晶粒细化的中间合金研究应用现状及细化机理，并就其发展历史、分类和生产方法进行介绍。结果表明：在铝熔体中添加细化剂是晶粒细化最简便有效的方法，对已开发的细化荆应加强细化机理及稳定性研究，提高细化效果和能力，并指出了铝合金晶粒细化剂的发展方向。     

Strength properties examination of high zinc aluminium alloys inoculated with Ti addition

This paper includes studies on the influence of grain refinement treatment with respect to the composition and structure of high zinc aluminium casting alloys on the changes of their tensile properties. The Al-20 wt.%Zn alloy was inoculated with master alloys Al Ti5B1 and Al Ti3C0.15 to determine the impact of a variable titanium addition on the tensile properties of Al Zn20 alloy, and determine on this basis an optimal addition of Ti that would ensure the improvement of elongation of alloys cast in the sand mould, at the same time maintaining high tensile strength. Within the studies, light microscopy(LM) and strength tests were applied. Experimental results showed that the inoculation of high zinc aluminium alloy Al Zn20 with the master alloys Al Ti5B1 and Al Ti3C0.15 causes intensive structure refinement, while the intensity of reaction of both master alloys is comparable. The Al Ti3C0.15 master alloy addition, selected for further studies, introducing about 100 ppm Ti, enhances the tensile properties of the alloy; the elongation increases about 20% and tensile strength increases about 10% against the initial values(uninoculated alloy). Further increase of the Ti addition up to 500–600 ppm leads to the "overinoculation" effect that is accompanied by the decrease of elongation. Therefore,the Ti addition should be reduced to the level of about 100 ppm which ensures obtaining a set of optimal properties.     

铝合金晶粒细化方法的研究现状及最新动向

综述了铝合金晶粒细化的各种方法与应用现状，分析了各种细化方法的细化机理。并对新型中间合金细化剂如Al-Ti-B-RE、Al-Ti-C-RE等的细化效果进行讨论，最后阐述了一种新的晶粒细化方法一细晶铝锭及其对铝合金的细化效果、细化机理及应用。     

Effect of the salt addition practice on the grain refining efficiency of Al–Ti–B master alloys

The impact of the salt addition practice on the microstructure and grain refining efficiency of Al–Ti–B alloys produced by the “halide salt” route was investigated. The grain refining performance of an experimental Al–5Ti–1B master alloy was optimized when the halide salts were pre-mixed before addition to aluminium melt at 800 °C during the production of the grain refiner. The stirring action provided during salt addition was found to degrade, while a high rate of addition was found to improve, the grain refining efficiency. In view of the above, an improved salt addition practice to ensure an exceptional grain refining performance is claimed to comprise the following steps: melting commercial purity aluminium ingot; addition of pre-mixed salts to molten aluminium at 800 °C, at once to facilitate a rapid salt reaction, gently mixing the salts with the aluminium melt without introducing any stirring. The grain refiner master alloy thus produced gives an average grain size of 102 μm 2 min after inoculation.     

CMT工艺对Al-Cu合金电弧增材制造气孔的影响

分析不同纯氩保护气体流量和冷金属过渡(CMT)工艺方法对Al-Cu合金电弧填丝增材制造(WAAM)气孔的影响规律。结果表明:纯氩保护气体流量和CMT工艺方法对Al-Cu合金WAAM制造过程的气孔特征均具有重要影响。提高纯氩保护气体流量有助于减少气孔;CMT-PADV工艺因其热输入低及电弧对Al-Cu合金填充丝端部表面氧化膜的高效清理而有利于减少甚至消除气孔,提高纯氩保护气体流量至25 L/min时可消除气孔。     

The performance of Al–Ti–C grain refiners in twin-roll casting of aluminium foilstock

The master alloys based on the Al–Ti–B system have been used extensively for refining the grain structure of aluminum alloys. The quality-related problems linked with the TiB₂ particles, however, have generated an interest in the Al–Ti–C grain refiners as an acceptable replacement for Al–Ti–B master alloys. TiC particles are smaller than the TiB₂ particles and are less prone to agglomeration. Al–3Ti–0.15C grain refiners have been in use for some time in several alloy systems. Much of the work reported on this alloy, however, has been from DC casting while performance data in strip casting is not available. In the present work, a commercial Al–3Ti–0.15C grain refiner was employed in the twin-roll casting of AA8111 foilstock. Its grain refining efficiency was compared with that of the Al–5Ti–0.2B master alloy, the standard grain refiner in aluminium industry for the manufacture of aluminium foil products.     

Grain refining action of Al–5Ti–C and Al–TiC master alloys with Al–5Ti master alloy addition for commercial purity aluminium

Al–Ti–C master alloys have a great potential as efficient grain refiners for aluminium and its alloys. In the present work, the Al–5Ti–C, Al–TiC and Al–5Ti master alloys have been successfully prepared by a method of liquid solidification reactions. While the Al–5Ti–C master alloy consists of some strip- or needle-like TiAl₃, and in addition to TiC particles in the Al matrix, the Al–TiC master alloy revealed the presence of only TiC particles, and the Al–5Ti master alloy consists of only some blocky TiAl₃ particles. A united refinement technology by Al–5Ti–C+Al–5Ti and Al–TiC+Al–5Ti master alloys was put forward in this paper. The blocky TiAl₃ particles in Al–5Ti master alloy can not only improve the grain refinement efficiency of Al–5Ti–C and Al–TiC master alloys but also reduce the consumption because the blocky TiAl₃ particles improve the grain refinement efficiency of TiC particles in Al–5Ti–C and Al–TiC master alloys.     

Grain refinement and plastic formability of Mg-14Li-1Al alloy

Al-5Ti-1B master alloy was added into Mg-14Li-1Al(LA141)alloy and then LA141 sheets were prepared by extrusion and cold rolling.The effect of the addition level of Al-5Ti-1B master alloy on the grain size of LA141 alloy was investigated as well as the effects of the total reduction of cold rolling and the annealing temperature on microstructure,mechanical properties and plastic formability of the LA141 sheets.The results show that the optimal addition level of Al-5Ti-1B master alloy into LA141 alloy is 1.25%(mass fraction)and LA141 alloy has the finest grains.With the increase of the total reduction of cold rolling,the grains of the as-rolled LA141 sheets were flattened gradually.A proper anneal temperature of 200℃ is obtained for the cold rolled LA141 sheets. Under this condition,microstructure of the LA141 sheets consists of fine and uniform equiaxed grains and has higher Erichsen cupping index(IE).     

STUDY OF THE NUCLEATION MECHANISM OF α-Al GRAINS AFTER ADDITION OF Al-Ti-B MASTER ALLOYS

1.IntroductionTheAl-Ti-BmasteralloyshavehadanincreasinglyimportantindustrialapplicationforthegrainrefinementofcommerciallypureAl,buttheprecisemechanismsarenotclearlyestablished.ThemechanismsofgrainrefinementbytheadditionofTiandBcanbemainlysummarizedasthe"peritecticreaction"theory[1,2],"boride"theory[3--5]and"duplex"nucleationmechanis.[6].Detaileddiscussionofthesetheoriesisbeyondthescopeofthepresentpaper.Onlythemainviewpointsofthetheorieswillbedealtwithhere.CrossleyandMondolfo[1]presentedth…     

The effects of strontium and grain refiner additions on the fatigue and tensile properties of industrial Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy castings produced using the Ford Motor Company—Cosworth precision sand process

Tensile and fatigue properties of production cylinder block castings are reported. The alloy used is aluminium association alloy 320, an Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy that has found common use in cylinder block and cylinder head applications. Trials involving modification using strontium and grain refinement using a titanium-boron master alloy were conducted. The effects of these additions on amount of porosity, maximum pore size, tensile properties and mean fatigue strength as well as the novel application of grain refiner are discussed. Grain refinement was found to be of marginal benefit, while strontium additions showed pronounced negative effects on the properties studied.     

不锈钢母液铁浴熔融还原过程中的铬回收率及母液的氧化脱磷

在１５ｔ复吹转炉中进行了不锈钢母液的铁浴熔融还原工业试验,发现铬的收得率不高,且母液含磷过多,不锈钢母液的铁浴熔融还原过程是某种二燃率条件下的「Ｃ」－「Ｃｒ」的选择性氧化,有高铬残渣伴随的母液宜于采限氧化脱磷,这种脱磷是「Ｃ」－「Ｃｒ」「Ｐ」三元素之间的选择性氧化。     

Welding equipment for reinforcing the edges of corrugated walls of the casings of transformers of a new generation of TMG series

The application of aluminium alloy, which is a typical lightweight material, has been expected in the construction of transportation vehicles to achieve energy saving by reduction of weight. However, structures made of whole aluminium alloy have problems with low strength and high cost. Thus, hybrid structures made of Al alloy and steel are useful because of light weight and higher strength. To construct the hybrid structure, it is necessary to weld aluminium alloy and steel. However, conventional welding methods, like brazing and mechanical fastening, have problems such as low mechanical strength and low productivity. Also, it is difficult to weld Al alloy and steel by conventional fusion welding.

In this study, spot welding between aluminium alloy and low carbon steel by friction stirring was carried out. Especially, optimization in welding conditions was carried out. Moreover, the effect of welding conditions on the joint strength and weld interface was studied. As a result, relatively higher tensile shear strength of the weld, which was achieved at optimum welding conditions, was obtained. Temperature near weld interface measured by K-type thermocouple during welding was found to be lower than the melting point of A5052. From the observation results on microstructure of the weld interface, it was found that a Fe/Al intermetallic compound layer was formed.     

Effects of Al-10Sr master alloys on grain refinement of AZ31 magnesium alloy

The effects of Al-10Sr master alloys on grain refinement of AZ31 magnesium alloy were investigated, and the refinement efficiency of different Al-10Sr master alloys （commercial, solubilized, rolled and remelted＋rapidly cooled） was compared and analyzed. The results indicate that the morphology and size of Al4Sr phases in the microstructures of different Al-10Sr master alloys, are of great difference. For the commercial Al-10Sr master alloy, the Al4Sr phases evolve from coarse block shape to relatively fine block shape after being dissolved at 500 ℃ for 4 h and followed by water quenching; but after being rolled at 300 ℃ for 50% reduction or remelted and followed by rapid cooling, the Al4Sr phases mainly exhibit fine granule and fibre shapes. In addition, the different Al-10Sr master alloys can effectively reduce the grain size of AZ31 magnesium alloy, but their refinement efficiency is different. The refinement efficiency of the Al-10Sr master alloy obtained by remelting and rapid cooling is the best, then the rolled, solubilized and commercial Al-10Sr master alloys are in turn. The difference of refinement efficiency for different Al-10Sr master alloys may be related to the dissolution rates of Al4Sr phases with different morphologies and sizes in the melt of AZ31 magnesium alloy.