微胶囊化牙膏

介绍了微胶囊以及微胶囊化技术，并阐述了牙膏中微胶囊化的作用、微胶囊的特性及其在牙膏中的应用现状及前景。     

微胶囊与微胶囊技术

介绍了微胶囊、微胶囊的包裹材料的种类选用原则、微胶囊囊芯物的种类。重点介绍微胶囊化技术,主要的制备方法有水相分离法、有机相分离法、复相乳液聚合法、乳液聚合法、界面聚合法,界面沉积法、后面三种方法主要用来制备纳米微胶囊,对微胶囊建立特性进行表征,并对微胶囊的大小、膜厚、微胶囊膜的孔径对微胶囊的扩散笥能的影响进行探讨,预测了微胶囊技术的发展前景／     

微胶囊的制备技术

综述了微胶囊的制备技术,详细介绍了物理化学法、物理机械法和化学法并介绍了微胶囊的应用。     

微胶囊的制备技术及其应用

综述了微胶囊的制备技术及其应用,介绍了微胶囊技术在国内的研究进展。     

微胶囊的制备技术及其应用

综述了微胶囊的制备技术及其应用,介绍了微胶囊技术在国内的研究进展。     

环氧树脂微胶囊化技术研究进展

从环氧树脂/固化剂微胶囊的制备技术、影响因素及表征方法等方面综述了环氧树脂微胶囊化技术的现状及其进展;同时简要介绍了用微胶囊技术制备单组分环氧树脂体系常用的芯材、壳材,以及微胶囊化环氧树脂体系的应用现状及前景。     

微胶囊技术

综述了微胶囊技术的特点及其应用情况，介绍了微胶囊的制备方法，指出微胶囊技术具有广阔的应用前景     

微胶囊技术

对物质进行微胶囊化后,可以改善其相应的使用性能,也可提高其相应的使用效率,产生许多有利的影响。对物质进行微胶囊化而达到控制释放、增加稳定性或包裹活性物质等目的就是其中几个实例。因而,微胶囊技术正被广泛地用于医药,农业、化工、化妆品和许多其它日常用品的生产及过程中。微胶囊是由各种单体或高聚物通过不同的聚合技术或胶囊化过程制备而成的。通过对微胶囊的发展、制备、评价和应用等方面的阐述,为读者展示了较为全     

生物微胶囊固定化技术的研究进展

介绍了生物微胶囊的制备方法和常用生物微胶囊体系以及生物微胶囊固定化技术,着重介绍了由ＮａＣＳ和ＰＤＡＤ－ＭＡＣ构成的新型的ＮａＣＳ－ＰＤＡＤＭＡＣ生物微胶囊体系,对生物微胶囊固定化技术的优势和面临的问题进行了分析,指出了生物微胶囊技术在微生物发酵和动物细胞培养中的应用前景。     

微胶囊技术及其应用

微胶囊技术是使用成膜材料把固体和液体包覆成微小颗粒的技术。介绍了微胶囊壁材的选择、芯材的释放 ,讨论了微胶囊化技术的研究现状和在各行业中的应用 ,展望了今后的研究方向。     

复合材料在飞机和汽车上的应用动向(二)

复合材料大量用于航空航天工业和汽车工业,特别是先进碳纤维复合材料用于飞机尤为值得注意,不久前,碳纤维复合材料只能在军用飞机用作主结构,但是,由于技术发展的进步,先进复合材料已开始在民航客机上也应用作主结构,如机身、机翼等,在民航客机上使用复合材料的决定,只有波音公司和空车公司这样的拥有雄厚的人力、财力和胆识的大飞机制造公司才可能作出,至于汽车上,主要使用玻纤增强塑料(热固性和热塑性塑料)用作车身、发动机室内零部件、车顶和进气路管;碳纤维复合材料近年来也日益增多的用于汽车上,主要用作车身外板、车门、进气路管和活门盖等。     

Gemini and Bicephalous Surfactants: A Review on Their Synthesis,Micelle Formation,and Uses

The use of surfactants in polymerization reactions is particularly important, mainly in emulsion polymerizations. Further, micelles from biocompatible surfactants find use in pharmaceutical dosage forms. This paper reviews recent developments in the synthesis of novel gemini and bicephalous surfactants, micelle formation, and their applications in polymer and nanoparticle synthesis, oil recovery, catalysis, corrosion, protein binding, and biomedical area, particularly in drug delivery.     

Physiological effects of alarm chemosignal emitted during the forced swim test

Two experiments were conducted. In the first, male rats were immersed for 25 min in fresh water or water previously swum in by another rat. Control rats were not immersed in water. Rats tested in water previously swum in by another rat were significantly less immobile than rats tested in fresh water. Water immersion resulted in significant increases in serum corticosterone, glucose, and phosphorus levels, a decrease in potassium levels, and a higher phosphorus/potassium ratio, compared to nonimmersed controls regardless of water condition. When the two water-immersed groups were compared, rats tested in previously swum water had significantly higher glucose and significantly lower potassium levels and a higher phosphorus/potassium ratio than rats tested in fresh water. Immobility times were significantly correlated with the phosphorus/potassium ratio. In the second experiment, blood gases were measured prior to testing and at 25 min after immersion in rats tested in fresh and previously swum water. Rats in soiled water hypoventilated to a significantly greater extent than rats in fresh water but did not differ significantly in blood oxygenation. These two studies demonstrate that alarm chemosignals can produce physiological effects in conspecifics.     

污泥生物炭中氮硫行为及环境效应研究进展

污泥生物炭中氮硫元素含量高,其氮硫行为和环境效应对全球气候变化的影响不容忽视。以往的研究中,研究者往往以富碳生物炭作为主要研究对象,关注碳对全球气候变化的行为和功效,而对氮硫元素的作用关注不够。本文从原始污泥基本性质到其热解过程,再到生物炭的老化,逐步对污泥生物炭整个生命周期内氮硫的行为及其环境效应研究进行综述,并对未来应注重开展的研究方向进行展望,为生物炭中氮硫元素固定、释放及与之关联的环境效应和温室气体排放控制研究提供理论基础。分析表明,污泥中氮元素含量普遍高于硫元素,且热解过程中氮比硫更容易转移至气相产物。氮硫元素随热解温度的增加,在三相产物中的分配都是炭中持续减少,油中先增后减,气中一直增加。高温（＞800℃）条件下,气相中的氮含量高于固相,而硫元素则仍然主要存在于固相中。污泥生物炭老化及其环境效应研究表明,污泥生物炭氮硫元素与土壤的相互作用及其温室效应问题在今后的研究中应引起重视。     

H-Ferritin Produced by Myeloid Cells Is Released to the Circulation and Plays a Major Role in Liver Iron Distribution during Infection

During infections, the host redistributes iron in order to starve pathogens from this nutrient. Several proteins are involved in iron absorption, transport, and storage. Ferritin is the most important iron storage protein. It is composed of variable proportions of two peptides, the L- and H-ferritins (FTL and FTH). We previously showed that macrophages increase their expression of FTH1 when they are infected in vitro with Mycobacterium avium, without a significant increase in FTL. In this work, we investigated the role of macrophage FTH1 in M. avium infection in vivo. We found that mice deficient in FTH1 in myeloid cells are more resistant to M. avium infection, presenting lower bacterial loads and lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines than wild-type littermates, due to the lower levels of available iron in the tissues. Importantly, we also found that FTH1 produced by myeloid cells in response to infection may be found in circulation and that it plays a key role in iron redistribution. Specifically, in the absence of FTH1 in myeloid cells, increased expression of ferroportin is observed in liver granulomas and increased iron accumulation occurs in hepatocytes. These results highlight the importance of FTH1 expression in myeloid cells for iron redistribution during infection.     

Trehalose Metabolism: From Osmoprotection to Signaling

Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide formed by two glucose molecules. It is widely distributed in Nature and has been isolated from certain species of bacteria, fungi, invertebrates and plants, which are capable of surviving in a dehydrated state for months or years and subsequently being revived after a few hours of being in contact with water. This disaccharide has many biotechnological applications, as its physicochemical properties allow it to be used to preserve foods, enzymes, vaccines, cells etc., in a dehydrated state at room temperature. One of the most striking findings a decade ago was the discovery of the genes involved in trehalose biosynthesis, present in a great number of organisms that do not accumulate trehalose to significant levels. In plants, this disaccharide has diverse functions and plays an essential role in various stages of development, for example in the formation of the embryo and in flowering. Trehalose also appears to be involved in the regulation of carbon metabolism and photosynthesis. Recently it has been discovered that this sugar plays an important role in plant-microorganism interactions.     

木质素在超临界甲醇和乙醇溶剂中液化过程分析

通过研究木质素分别在超临界甲醇和乙醇溶剂中的液化过程，分析反应温度（260～340℃）及反应时间（0～120min）对木质素在两种溶剂中的转化率、生物油收率及其组分差异的影响。实验表明，木质素在超临界乙醇中的转化率及产物收率均高于甲醇。当反应温度340℃，反应时间60min，木质素在超临界乙醇中的转化率和生物油收率比在甲醇中分别提高了16.23%和11.54%，残渣收率降低了16.23%。通过GC-MS和FTIR对生物油和残渣分析，发现生物油组分中芳香族化合物相对含量较高，在甲醇和乙醇溶剂中分别达到66.13%和58.84%；随着反应时间的延长，甲醇溶剂中残渣的醚键官能团逐渐增强，而在乙醇溶剂中则先增强后减弱。分析认为在木质素降解过程中，超临界乙醇和甲醇均可产生氢自由基作为供氢体，攻击木质素及其大分子片段中的官能团，同时使液化产物中的活性片段减活，减弱重聚合反应，从而更利于芳烃产物的生成。而甲醇在液化过程中容易与木质素断键产生的苯酚中间体发生脱氢缩合反应，通过醚键聚合产生长链芳香族化合物，形成残渣，降低生物油收率。     

Fertility-Sparing Approaches in Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia and Endometrial Cancer Patients: Current Evidence and Future Directions

Endometrial cancer (EC) is the fourth most common cancer in women in developed countries. Although it is usually diagnosed in postmenopausal women, its incidence has increased in young women, as well in recent decades, with an estimated rate of 4% in those under 40 years of age. Factors involved in this increase, particularly in resource-rich countries, include delayed childbearing and the rise in obesity. The new molecular classification of EC should help to personalize treatment, through appropriate candidate selection. With the currently available evidence, the use of oral progestin either alone or in combination with other drugs such as metformin, levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine devices and hysteroscopic resection, seems to be feasible and safe in women with early-stage EC limited to the endometrium. However, there is a lack of high-quality evidence of the efficacy and safety of conservative management in EC. Randomized clinical trials in younger women and obese patients are currently underway.     

Exosomal Cargo May Hold the Key to Improving Reproductive Outcomes in Dairy Cows

The reproductive status of dairy cows remains a challenge for dairy farmers worldwide, with impaired fertility linked to a significant reduction in herd profitability, due in part to impaired immunity, increased metabolic pressure, and longer postpartum anestrous interval (PPAI). Exosomes are nanovesicles released from a variety of cell types and end up in circulation, and carry proteins, bioactive peptides, lipids, and nucleic acids specific to the place of origin. As such, their role in health and disease has been investigated in humans and animals. This review discusses research into exosomes in the context of reproduction in dairy herds and introduces recent advances in mass-spectrometry (MS) based proteomics that have a potential to advance quantitative profiling of exosomal protein cargo in a search for early biomarkers of cattle fertility.