基于Lamb波的压电陶瓷/环氧树脂复合材料传感器制备及应用

风力机叶片、飞机机翼等结构均为大面积曲面板类结构,基于Lamb波的结构健康检测技术对细微损伤比较敏感,是目前最具应用前景的技术之一。传统的Lamb波传感器大都采用PZT陶瓷制成,质地脆且硬度大,不能适应于曲面结构检测。将PZT陶瓷粉末与环氧树脂复合制备了一种新型柔性0-3型压电复合材料,研究了质量比、极化电场、极化温度和极化时间等因素对压电复合材料性能参数的影响,开展了多因素正交实验来确定材料制备的最优极化工艺参数。实验研究了该压电复合材料制成的传感器对Lamb波的传感响应特性,与现有的MFC、PVDF和传统压电片等传感元件的响应特性进行了对比分析。将制备的传感器应用于翼型曲面板,利用椭圆定位方法进行损伤检测。研究结果表明,PZT陶瓷/环氧树脂压电复合材料传感器具有良好的传感响应特性,能够很好地贴合于曲面板表面,与只能部分耦合于曲面板的传统压电片相比,采集的Lamb波信号更加准确,从而为曲面板类结构健康监测提供一种新型的柔性压电传感技术。     

基于声学相位共轭理论的管道裂纹检测

将声学中相位共轭理论引入到管道裂纹检测中以实现声源信号的重构聚焦,对传统的超声导波无损检测中相位畸变、图像模糊等亟待解决的关键性问题进行改进。利用压电陶瓷(PZT)材料作为传感器,构建了一套管道裂纹的检测系统,验证相位共轭理论用于管道检测的可行性。通过在管道一端,利用PZT传感器,用对称加载的方式激励经过窗函数调制的五峰波信号,利用接收传感器提取信号,然后进行相位共轭处理再激励,从而实现信号的重构聚焦。试验结果表明,用超声导波信号的相位共轭法,可以实现信号的聚焦增益,提高了声波信号在固体介质中的信噪比,在管道的周向裂纹试验中得到了验证,对于超声导波在管道缺陷的识别和精确性的提高具有明显的改进作用。     

一种新型PZT压薄膜应力传感器的设计仿真

针对目前应力传感器不能兼顾柔性、动态测量及无法测量曲面接触应力特征信息等难题,设计了一种新型的PZT压电薄膜柔性应力传感器。主要有由PZT压电薄膜、导线、特殊的压敏涂层等构成。传感器的受力信息可以通过检测PZT压电薄膜传感器的电荷变化来获取,可应用于测量各种接触面之间的应力。为研究测量轮胎路面等具有复杂曲面接触结构的应力分布提供了新的思路和方法,分析了压电传式感器的工作原理,压电薄膜的传感特性,建立有限元分析模型,进行仿真分析,结果表明该传感器结构简单、体积小,相对于传统测量方法更加可靠,适用于曲面应力的测量。     

新技术·新产品

P/C 柔性复合压电薄膜P/C 柔性复合压电薄膜 PVDF 基压电聚合物与铁电陶瓷 PZT 等3—0型柔性复合压电 PVDF/PZT 薄膜系列。采用 P/C 柔性复合压电功能薄膜的压电换能传感器件,可极其广泛地应用于现代电子高新技术、生物医疗电子学与仿生学、工农业国民经济信息处理与自控自动化技术等领域,供作压电、压力、热电、超声和电声等换能、传感及监控处理。P/C 功能薄膜采用国际新型压电     

超声导波在H型钢结构损伤识别中的应用

针对H型钢在损伤情况下对超声导波的影响,提出基于超声导波的结构健康监测方法,并探讨了应用超声导波检测技术在H型钢中对结构损伤识别的可行性及其识别能力。采用中心频率为87.5kHz的波形为汉宁窗调幅3.5个周期正弦曲线作为激励波形,应用商业有限元软件ABAQUS对导波在H型钢构件中的传播进行了仿真,同时对无损伤以及有损伤的仿真模型进行实验验证。实验中利用压电材料锆钛酸铝(piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate,简称PZT)换能器来激发和接收在H型钢中传播的导波信号,借助于Morlet小波时频分析等方法对仿真和实验采集到的信号进行处理,并比较实验结果与仿真结果的吻合度。最后分析H型钢中损伤的大小等因素对损伤识别的影响,以及超声导波在H型钢中的损伤识别能力。     

螺旋波纹管导波检测技术的数值仿真和试验研究

为对螺旋波纹管进行缺陷检测,研究纵向模态超声导波在螺旋波纹管中的传播特性。在Abaqus仿真软件平台中构建螺旋波纹管的计算模型,得到含有环向裂纹缺陷时的仿真结果。在此基础上,采用自主研制的电磁声换能器进行试验研究。试验所用的激励信号为经Hanning窗调制的20个振荡周期的正弦脉冲,中心频率为240 kHz,采用单一传感器在螺旋波纹管中激励和接收L(0, 2)模态导波,实现对螺旋波纹管中人工裂纹缺陷的识别,分析并计算缺陷位置测量不确定度。有限元仿真和试验结果表明,超声导波技术可以实现对螺旋波纹管裂纹缺陷的检测。     

基于PWAS的层合板导波传播特性和损伤响应FEM分析及试验验证

导波无损检测（Non-Destructive Testing, NDT）技术由于适用范围广、检测速度快等优势,已成为结构安全性检测的重要技术手段之一。不过,导波在各向异性介质中的传播表现为频散特性与波传播方向的关联性、多模态特性与各向异性的相互作用以及不同模态与损伤的相互作用。导波在复合材料无损检测应用中的复杂性对检测技术和检测方法提出了更高的要求,所以对碳纤维复合材料层合板中的导波传播特性和损伤响应进行分析具有十分重要的意义。文中采用理论分析、仿真和试验相结合的方法,对不同碳纤维增强聚合物基（Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer, CFRP）层合板中的导波传播特性和各模态波与损伤的相互作用进行了分析。首先根据群速度、波长等参数建立有限元模型,并在边界设置阻尼递增吸收区域来弱化边界反射波的干扰;然后分析基于压电晶片有源传感器（Piezoelectric Wafer active Sensors, PWAS）的不同层合板中导波传播差异,之后在结构中引入损伤来分析不同模态波与不同损伤的相互作用;最后通过试验分析和验证有限元仿真的准确性。     

新技术·新产品

P/C柔性复合压电薄膜 P/C柔性复合压电薄膜PVDF基压电聚合物与铁电陶瓷PZT等3—0型柔性复合压电PVDF/PZT薄膜系列。采用P/C柔性复合压电功能薄膜的压电换能传感器件,可极其广泛地应用于现代电子高新技术、生物医疗电子学与仿生学、工农业国民经济信息处理与自控自动化技术等领域,供作压电、     

基于建筑变形监测的高性能压力传感器的仿真研究

为了实现高精准、实时性的建筑变形监测,设计建筑内嵌式柔性微型压力传感器模型,并通过结构优化逐步提高其对建筑物内应力信号的传感灵敏度与传感精度。利用COMSOL仿真软件构建基于PVDF压电式微型压力传感器有限元模型,通过对传感层进行表面微结构与体内孔隙修饰等方法改进器件结构,以此提高压电传感层的应变能力。研究结果表明,相比于传统平面传感层器件,其压力传感性能获得大幅提升,其中压电势传感信号增强490%,传感器灵敏度提升676%。最后,构建阵列化压力传感器模型,并通过优化结构提高传感器阵列对力学信号响应的空间分辨率,这有助于精准探测建筑物内应力的爆发位置与扩散路径。     

基于超声导波的钢轨完整性检测方法研究

检测无缝线路钢轨的完整性对于保障高速铁路的安全运营具有重要的意义。本文提出了基于超声导波实现无缝线路完整性检测的技术方案,设计了功能样机,并进行了实际线路测试。首先,基于半解析有限元方法求解得到了我国无缝线路CHN60钢轨中超声导波的频散曲线,通过分析频率、模态数量、振型等信息选取了适于检测钢轨完整性的导波模态,采用激励响应求解方法确定了所选取模态的激励点和激励方向;根据理论获取的数据信息,在环形道试验现场进行了实际测试,在钢轨轨腰中心安装导波换能器,沿着钢轨纵向激励,可以激励出选取的导波模态,并通过衰减曲线测试,该模态在两公里处可以接收到2 m V以上的信号。经在大西高速铁路现场测试,系统可实现2 km区间的无缝线路钢轨完整性的在线监测。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.