基础油中金刚石纳米颗粒润滑性能和导热性能的分子动力学分析*

为了研究纳米颗粒对基础油液热导率的影响,在基础油蓖麻油酸中加入不同体积分数和粒径的纳米金刚石颗粒,采用LAMMPS和分子动力学的研究方法,对粒子数密度以及粒子的径向分布规律、导热系数进行研究。结果表明:加入纳米颗粒的纳米流体的热物理性质受到多方面的影响,其中包括纳米颗粒体积分数及粒径等;随纳米粒子体积分数的提高纳米流体的热导率呈近似线性增加,随着纳米粒子粒径的减小,纳米粒子润滑膜的承载能力增强。纳米润滑膜能承受很高的外界冲击力,这有助于减小两作用面之间的摩擦,减小表面磨损;加入纳米颗粒的润滑油会减小摩擦副之间的摩擦和增强散热,提高热导率。     

颗粒团聚对低浓度纳米流体热性质和热过程的影响

添加纳米颗粒的悬浮液正在成为迅速开发应用中的新型功能流体,并被命名为"纳米流体".颗粒在液体中的随机布朗运动和颗粒表面的吸附促成了颗粒团聚成簇,改变了悬浮液的均匀性,引起悬浮液物性的变异,影响了热过程的特性.提出以纳米颗粒团聚统计平均尺度的团簇表观特征量的解析计算方法,计算简易,物理含义清晰易懂.将悬浮液视作悬浮的开放型多孔结构,成功地按有效介质理论预测团簇分布不均匀的特性影响,这对有意识地筛选纳米流体的匹配具有实际指导意义.     

极压条件下水基纳米液压液抗磨减摩特性

采用分子模拟方法,研究不同压力、剪切速度、纳米颗粒浓度、温度条件下水基纳米液压液在动力学模型中的流动特性、承载能力和抗磨减摩特性.结果表明:纳米流体承载能力随纳米颗粒浓度的增加而增大;随着负载的增加,基础流体和纳米流体均会发生固化现象,但是纳米流体的过渡压力大于基础流体;壁面间摩擦力在一定范围内会随着纳米颗粒浓度的增大...     

基于彩色火焰图像的铝、硼纳米颗粒燃烧特性

用彩色数码相机拍照结合图像处理的诊断方法研究了铝、硼纳米颗粒的燃烧特性和机理,得到了铝、硼纳米颗粒火焰的形貌特征、温度分布及着火时间等。燃烧实验中使用多元扩散平焰燃烧器(Hencken燃烧器)提供可控的高温环境,利用固体颗粒乙醇溶解-超声分散-雾化-干燥的给粉方式产生高分散的纳米气溶胶,并在不同工况下对纳米颗粒火焰进行拍照。从所得彩色图片中提取红、绿、蓝三色通道信号,结合普朗克辐射定律获得颗粒的辐射强度信息及温度信息。结果表明:不同环境温度会导致不同的颗粒变温历程。高温环境下铝、硼颗粒经着火后颗粒温度逐渐下降,而低温下由于氧化层多晶相变的影响铝颗粒温度先缓慢升高而后缓慢下降,硼颗粒温度则几乎维持恒定。硼颗粒着火过程可分为着火延时和着火两个阶段,通过火焰图像定义了相应的时间,测得的硼颗粒着火延迟时间为1.17~2.98ms,着火时间为0.31~0.85ms。     

纳米流体微量润滑磨削硬质合金温度场模型与实验验证

温度过高是目前磨削加工硬质合金的技术瓶颈。相比传统的干磨削工况,纳米流体微量润滑(NMQL)的冷却润滑方式是解决磨削热损伤的有效措施。为了验证纳米流体微量润滑工况下磨削硬质合金的可行性,建立了硬质合金的传热模型,并在此基础上对硬质合金的磨削温度场进行了数值仿真研究。对硬质合金(YG8)进行了不同工况下的表面磨削试验。结果表明,以干磨削工况下的磨削温度(227.2℃),微量润滑(MQL)工况和纳米流体微量润滑工况下磨削区温度分别降低了20.42%和39.48%。数值仿真温度与实验测量温度的误差为6.3%。从宏观参数(比磨削力、磨削温度)和微观参数(砂轮表面形貌)出发,研究了不同工况对砂轮磨损的影响。实验结果,进一步证明纳米流体微量润滑适用于硬质合金的磨削加工。     

纳米流体强化波浪型细通道热沉传热研究

为了探究纳米流体对波浪型细通道热沉的传热特性影响,以体积分数为1%的Al_2O_3纳米流体为工质,采用数值模拟方法对比研究热沉内去离子水和纳米流体的强化传热特性。得到了2种工质在波浪型细通道内的温度场和热沉底面温度的分布情况,以及雷诺数与传热系数之间的关系。研究结果表明,纳米流体能强化热沉的换热性能,但是效果不显著。     

Cu-水纳米流体作为PET瓶胚注塑模具冷却液的研究

通过在水介质中添加Cu纳米粒子,研制出一种新型传热冷却介质—Cu水纳米流体,用普通自来水和不同浓度的Cu-水纳米流体进行铜管冷却实验和PET瓶胚模具冷却实验,记录铜管相同时间点温度的变化和检测不同流体作为冷却液时PET瓶胚的质量。结果表明:铜管的温度与纳米粒子的浓度有良好的对应关系,Cu纳米粒子浓度越高,铜管温度越低。同时,当使用Cu-水纳米作为冷却液时,生产的PET瓶胚质量更好一些。通过实验对Cu-纳米流体铜管冷却实验和PET瓶胚模具冷却实验,为纳米流体以后作为PET注塑模具冷却液打下基础。     

基于CCD空间滤波器的纳米流体平均速度测量方法研究

纳米流体作为一种新型的传热介质，其导热系数要比基液高很多，至今对其导热机理的研究仍是该领域的研究热点之一。纳米颗粒运动状态，对于研究纳米流体的导热机理具有重要的意义。从理论上分析了纳米流体激光散斑的形成机理，结合空间滤波速度测量原理，提出了一种基于面阵CCD空间滤波的流体速度测量新方法，通过对散斑图像进行隔行采样、频谱分析和频谱图趋势项提取，获得信号尖峰频率，即可计算出纳米流体速度。最后，搭建了实验装置，对测量方法进行了实验验证。结果表明：相对误差优于6.5%，验证了该方法的可行性。     

凹槽微通道铜-水纳米流体传热与流动分析

对铜-水纳米流体在圆弧型凹槽微通道中的传热与流动特性进行了分析。比较了不同体积分数的铜-水纳米流体在深宽比分别为0.3和0.5的凹槽微通道中的温度和速度分布,分析了体积分数和凹槽深宽比对凹槽微通道中铜-水纳米流体的传热系数和流体输运动力因子的影响。凹槽强化了微通道对流传热,与平板型微通道相比,铜-水纳米流体在圆弧型凹槽微通通内呈现出不同的传热特性。纳米流体体积分数、流体输运动力因子和凹槽深宽比对凹槽强化微通道传热影响较大。分析结果与已有的实验结果符合较好。     

硅基上纳米铁颗粒薄膜的制备

单晶硅基底上沉积铁膜，在不同温度下用氨气对其进行刻蚀，研究温度和铁膜厚度对铁颗粒大小和分布的影响。SEM图像显示，氨气对铁膜表面具有明显的刻蚀作用，可以使铁膜刻蚀为纳米级的颗粒；刻蚀温度对于刻蚀后铁颗粒的大小和分布有非常重要的影响，刻蚀温度越高，则得到的铁颗粒越大，分布也就越稀疏；2纳米厚的铁膜在750℃下用氨气刻蚀可以得到粒径小于100m的铁颗粒薄膜，铁膜厚度大，则得到的铁颗粒也就越大。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.