碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料的现状及发展趋势

综述了碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料的研究进展，重点阐述了颗粒与基体间的界面结合情况及此复合材料的制备工艺的研究现状，分析说明了碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料研究中仍存在的问题，并在此基础上展望了该领域的发展前景。     

碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料的界面特征及力学性能

研究了氧化态和原始态碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料的界面结构及其对复合材料弯曲强度的影啊。结果发现．氧化处理后碳化硅与基体铝界面上有一ＳｉＯ２非晶层，该非晶层内由于铝的扩散作用而形成铝的浓度梯度。原始态碳化硅与铝的界面上则无此非晶层．由于此非晶层的作用．导致界面结合强度的提高从而增加了复合材料的弯曲强度。     

SiCp/AZ61镁基复合材料的力学与阻尼性能

采用搅熔铸造法制备碳化硅颗粒增强镁基复合材料SiCp/AZ61,通过拉伸实验、动态机械热分析和显微组织观察等方法研究了其机械性能与阻尼性能.结果表明,在室温下碳化硅颗粒的加入使基体晶粒明显细化,镁基复合材料的性能与AZ61合金相比得到了显著的改善,其阻尼的提高可以用G-L位错钉扎模型解释.由于碳化硅颗粒的加入使基体中界面数量增加,高温情况下更加容易发生界面滑移,材料的阻尼性能有明显提高.     

SiCp／Mg复合材料的界面结构

采用真空压力浸渍法制备了碳化硅颗粒增强铸造镁合金复合材料,碳化硅颗粒的平均尺寸为４μｍ,体积分数为４５％。通过透射电镜,能量色散谱仪研究了这种复合材料的ＳｉＣｐ／Ｍｇ界面微结构。实验结果表明：碳化硅颗粒与镁基体的界面结合紧密,界面区域存在合金元素铝的偏聚,并形成块状和细针状γ相,这种γ相提高了界面结合强度。     

变形温度对碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料超塑变形的影响

本文总结了变形温度对碳化硅增强铝基复合材料超塑性的影响规律。探讨了碳化硅颗粒对超塑变形的影响。讨论了碳化硅与铝基体之间的界面液相对超塑变形的影响。     

ZL101/SiCp复合材料制备及其缺陷分析

对于高增强体含量的复合材料,其材料的致密性显得尤为重要,本文采用冷等静压结合热等静压的方式制备SiCp/Al复合材料克服了这个困难,实现净成形,具有工艺简单等优点,使用180#α-SiC颗粒作为增强体,体积分数为20%,同时采用ZL101铝粉作为基体,其中采用冷等静压方法能制备出冷坯料材料的理论密度可达75%,后续采用热等静压制备出的碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料具有致密性良好,颗粒分布均匀,无明显的聚集现象。同时结合SEM和EDS对界面的分析表明碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料产生的缺陷主要是增强体碳化硅颗粒和铝基体结合的界面处有细小的气孔存在,使材料的有效承载面积减小,最终导致材料破断。初步分析了复合材料微缺陷产生的机理。界面处反应生成的界面相对于复合材料的影响。     

颗粒增强铸造铝基复合材料的研究状况

介绍了颗粒增强名基复合材料的制造工艺，影响铝基复合材料制造工艺的主要因素以及颗粒增强铝基复合材料的应用前景。同时还介绍了我们制备颗粒墙强铝基复合材料的试验情况。将碳化硅颗粒增强粉料经氟盐预处理再加入过热铝熔体，经搅拌可以制造出碳化硅颗粒均匀分布的名基复合材料。     

碳化硅颗粒强化铝基复合材料的现状

金属基复合材料进入实际应用的过程中，颗粒增强铝基复合材料成为重要的发展方向。本文从制备及组织性能的影响因素方面对碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料方面做如下综述和展望。     

粉末冶金法SiC_p/Mg基复合材料的力学性能和阻尼性能研究

采用粉末冶金法制备了SiC颗粒增强纯镁基复合材料,研究了它的力学性能与阻尼性能。SiC颗粒的加入显著提高了纯镁基复合材料的力学性能和阻尼性能。其中,10μm SiCp/Mg基复合材料的力学性能最好;室温下复合材料的阻尼性能优于纯镁的;纯镁及其SiC颗粒增强复合材料的内耗-温度曲线在100℃～150℃的温度范围内均出现与位错有关的内耗峰,随后随温度的升高内耗值继续增加,20μm SiCp/Mg基复合材料在200℃～250℃的温度范围内出现与界面滑移有关的内耗峰。     

碳化硅颗粒增强铝合金复合材料特性

用粉末冶金和热挤压工艺制备了碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料。研究了碳化硅颗粒的体积分数对复合材料性能的影响。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。