带冷机传动链轮齿圈的剖分组装

为解决带冷机传动链轮齿圈吨位大，在大中修时施工难度较高，现场需整体拆装链轮组等困难，以及减少备件制做所占用的大量维修费用，本文介绍了采用剖分链轮齿圈组装的技术方法。该方法既可减少拆装的工程量，无需采用大型吊装机具，而且还可降低大修工程量并节约备件的制作费用，其组装质量完全能达到技术要求。     

As-Built Information Model for Bridge Maintenance

The transportation infrastructure is key to economic development in the United States. Providing a high level of serviceability through periodic inspection and maintenance is important in keeping the transportation system operational and in avoiding major replacement efforts. Of particular importance is the inventory of bridges in the national transportation infrastructure, due to their high cost and direct impact on public safety. The focus of this paper is on information management in support of bridge maintenance functions. Particularly, the research project discussed in the paper addresses the need for inclusion of construction as-built data in the bridge management database along with the periodic inspection and maintenance data. Attention to this type of data has been lacking. Therefore, the paper promotes bridge as-built data, discusses its role in bridge management, and demonstrates the proper design of an as-built information management model and system that is integrated with existing standard bridge management systems such as Pontis.     

Integrated Construction Preventive Maintenance System

The maintenance of heavy construction equipment is a vital function for many construction contractors. A regular, structured preventive maintenance program can be a worthwhile investment for several reasons: Reduced field breakdowns; more efficient equipment and operator utilization; elimination of unnecessary parts damage and reductions in inventory requirements; preservation of warranties; more productive mechanics; and longer‐lasting repairs. This article discusses an integrated preventive maintenance system developed for a large, multi‐site quarrying operation. The physical and personnel requirements are briefly presented, and the management control aspects discussed in detail. Implementation considerations are related and the substantial improvements achieved in overall fleet availability are documented. Finally, the integration of this system to the company's other accounting modules is outlined.     

Proposal of an Integrated Index for Prioritization of Bridge Maintenance

The bridge rating used in bridge management systems commonly uses only a structural condition. Factors such as seismic risk, hydraulic vulnerability, and strategic importance are commonly used in an isolated fashion. However, these factors are relevant when there is no possibility to calibrate deterioration models. This research uses the needs-based framework for developing an integrated bridge index (IBI) as an aid for prioritization and decisions made on maintenance and rehabilitation of bridges. The index weighs the structure distresses, hydraulic vulnerability, seismic risk, and strategic importance of the bridge. The index was calibrated using visual inspection, survey to experts, and regression analysis. After, the index was applied on six bridges placed on a primary road of Chile. To organize visual inspection, bridge inventory, and compute IBI and rank bridges, a software was developed. The calibration of the IBI index shows a correlation of 98% and all the parameters obtained were significant. Further research is needed to integrate cost with the proposed index and allocate maintenance activities.     

Characterization and Search of Construction Inspection Plan Spaces Developed Using a Component-Based Planning Approach

Formal construction inspection planning is needed to help reduce the incidence of overlooked or inefficient inspections, and to help realize the potential of emerging sensing technologies. Prior publications by the authors have presented requirements for such an approach and a component-based inspection planning implementation as an approach in addressing some of the requirements towards formal construction inspection planning. Implementation of such a component-based approach for typical construction examples, however, leads to the generation of large, rugged search spaces. This paper first describes the characteristics of search spaces that are generated using a component-based approach to illustrate which search mechanisms are appropriate to explore these search spaces. The paper then describes a set of search algorithms and heuristics that were investigated and evaluated for searching construction inspection plans. Specific discussions on how these algorithms performed in searching within inspection planning spaces are provided based on experiments conducted using a testbed characterizing a construction site and a building performance monitoring decision-making example.     

软体机械臂的驱动方式、建模与控制研究进展

软体机械臂是一个新的机器人分支,不同于刚性机械臂,它完全由柔软的材料打造,可以完成刚性机械臂无法完成的任务,比如非结构环境下探测,易碎物品的抓取,更安全的人机协作等等.目前许多国家正在投入到软体机械臂的研究当中,研究者设计出形状与功能都不尽相同的软体机械臂,从制作材料的多样性到驱动方式的多样性,再从建模方式的多样性到控制方式的多样性,无不展示出软体机械臂的独特性.由于任务目的的不同,软体机械臂的驱动方式有所不同,本文首先研究三种主流的软体机械臂驱动方式——绳索驱动（Tendon驱动）、形状记忆合金驱动（SMA驱动）、气动驱动（Pneumatic驱动）,然后由此展开,分别研究软体机械臂在不同驱动方式下的建模方式和控制方法.最后从驱动方式,建模方法和控制方法三个方面对软体机械臂的发展趋势进行总结展望.     

FMS Approach to Construction Automation

The need to increase safety, productivity, quality, and resource efficiency in construction is a challenge to researchers that requires bold innovative changes. Technological adaptation of successful concepts from other industries to construction offers an important path for innovative progress. This paper provides insight into some central aspects of flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) that show the greatest transferability to construction. A flexible manufacturing system is a production facility consisting of computer‐controlled machines, or work stations, connected by an automated material‐handling system, which is used to produce a variety of parts in low and medium volume. The state of the art in automated material handling and process planning is presented as a basis for construction automation, a new field of civil engineering. Ongoing research in flexible construction systems is described, and directions for future research needed to establish a knowledge base of principles relating to construction automation are outlined.     

滑触线故障原因分析

分析了滑线安装、使用过程中造成滑线故障的各种原因,制定了解决措施,为今后的计划检修快速更换、改造滑线、以及筹建中的邯钢新区滑线的选型、安装施工等提供参考。     

Research Needs in Construction Worker Performance

No validated model of worker motivation and performance exists for the construction industry. Reasons for this are examined. Such a model has been developed outside of construction. The model is presented and discussed. Research that is needed to develop and validate the model for use in the construction industry is discussed. The need for this research to be interdisciplinary in nature, to encompass construction researchers and industrial∕organizational psychologists or organizational behaviorists, is analyzed.     

Newer antidepressants. Beyond selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants

This article outlines the use of alternative agents to TCAs and SSRIs. Features of the more commonly used alternative antidepressant agents are outlined. In addition, antidepressant agents that are currently either under development or used in other countries are indicated for completeness because it seems likely that many of these will be introduced in the United States within the next few years. Many of these agents will be used by pediatricians and child psychiatrists for treatment of depression in children, and although much further research is needed, the future for alternative antidepressants and augmenting strategies is extremely promising.     

Impact of Inspected Buffers on Production Parameters of Construction Processes

This paper examines the production implications of quality control inspections conducted on the buffer between processes in a construction project by modeling the linkage between these processes. Inspection of partially completed work at the end of one activity but before the beginning of work by the next activity is fairly common. Work that is deemed to be of sufficient quality is then made available for the next activity. Work that is deemed insufficient requires rework, typically by the trade appropriate to the activity that fed into the buffer, to bring the work into compliance. This has implications for workload management for that trade, of course, as well as for the reliability of work flow to the successor or downstream processes. While such situations are common in all construction sectors, an example from the residential construction sector was examined via a simulation model augmented by field data collected from residential construction projects. The impacts of the work flow into the predecessor process, the inspection pass rate, and resource availability were examined. The inspection pass rate was found to dramatically affect the reliability of work flow, unless resources are unlimited. Furthermore, the inspection pass rate was found to be functionally related to the production parameters of the process.     

Concepts for Lunar Outpost Development

This paper summarizes the results of a qualitative investigation to identify concepts for design and construction of near‐term lunar facilities. Accomplishing such construction will require an adaptation or transfer of current terrestrial technology and methods. Discussions on modularization, geosynthetic materials, aluminum materials, static load analysis, and dynamic load analysis provide illustrative examples of how terrestrial technologies can be adapted to lunar applications. These discussions provide support for the development of a phased lunar construction strategy. The initial stage of construction is characterized by small self‐supporting accomodation and laboratory modules. The assembly facility stage is characterized by the construction of a large pressurized module‐assembly facility. The module production stage is characterized by the fitting together of terrestrial or low earth‐orbit subassemblies into completed modules within the module assembly facility. The completed modules are also tested and moved to their final location in this stage. The lunar materials stage is characterized by the construction of facilities with maximum use of lunar materials.     

Multicultural policy in Canada: A social psychological analysis.

Argues that social psychologists in Canada have an important role to play in policy analysis and evaluation. The multiculturalism policy of the federal government is proposed as one policy area for which social psychological theory and research may be particularly relevant. The policy is outlined and a number of social psychological issues and assumptions in the policy are identified, including group maintenance and development, intergroup contact and sharing, and group acceptance and tolerance. Generally, the policy seems to be supported by theory and empirical findings, but there is a need to guard against possible countereffects. It is argued that more long-term programmatic research is required in social policy areas if social psychologists are to make a useful contribution. (French abstract) (49 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Graphical Approach for Manpower Planning in Infrastructure Networks

Infrastructure networks such as highways and pipelines have recently been at the center of attention for contractors and owner organizations. Due to their large size and their repetitive/distributed nature, construction and/or maintenance operations for such networks become complex tasks that require huge resources, particularly manpower. In order to provide a transparent tool for quick manpower planning and sensitivity analysis, a graphical approach (using nomographs) is introduced in this paper. The nomographs encode the mathematical formulation, and the results of many optimization experiments, of a distributed model for scheduling large projects with multiple sites. Accordingly, the nomographs can be readily utilized by practitioners to estimate the manpower needed to meet a predefined deadline, under anticipated network-level risks due to unfavorable site conditions. Details on the development of the nomographs are presented in the paper along with an example to demonstrate their usefulness for supporting manpower planning decisions and for what-if analysis. The nomographs also present researchers with a simple yet powerful approach to make research results readily usable by practitioners.     

Introduction of the Lateral Posttension Method for Prestressed Concrete Bridges

This paper describes a simple, practical, and inexpensive way of anchoring and applying the prestressing force for posttensioning of the concrete bridge superstructures. It is technically named as the lateral posttension (LPT) method. In applying the proposed new method, cable tendons are initially placed straight inside an open preformed channel or external to the cross section of the girder web. The bottom of the preformed channel is cast to match the desired final tendon profile of the prestressing path. Both ends of the tendons are embedded in the end blocks to form a dead-end anchorage system once the concrete is placed and reaches the required strength. The prestressing force is then applied by vertically deflecting the cable tendons to the prescribed profile at the bottom of the channel and locking the tendons at deflected profile. The benefits of this method lie in its simple anchorage system and easy stressing operation, thus it offers a viable posttensioning alternative. Although, further research and testing are needed before this methodology can be implemented to practice, the concept of this method opens a door for the development of a posttensioning operation that is simple, practical, and inexpensive. The accessibility for the stressing routine inspection and final adjustments makes the LPT method very useful for bridge rehabilitation and retrofit construction.     

Space Solar Power: A Major New Energy Option?

Large space solar-power systems have intermittently been a topic for consideration during the past 30 years. However, the last major studies in the United States on these concepts were conducted in the late 1970s. After two decades of relative inactivity, large-scale space solar power (SSP), including the generation of solar power in space for transmission to terrestrial markets, has recently reemerged as a potential energy option. This occurrence is timely because global energy demand continues to grow dramatically while environmental concerns increase. Demand for power in space is also likely to increase during the same time frame. A wide range of technology advances would be needed to enable such systems. In addition to very low cost space transportation and highly efficient and high voltage solar arrays, significant developments must also take place in technologies such as wireless power transmission, large space structures, robotic assembly and maintenance, and others. However, recent NASA studies and focused research and development progress in a number of key areas suggest that such systems are technically feasible. This paper presents an overview of the subject of space solar power, including results of recent NASA activities.     

Nursing care in ambulatory methadone programs. A comparative literature study between The Netherlands and The United States

In this article, the results are discussed of a literature study on nursing care for heroin addicts in out-patient methadone maintenance clinics in the Netherlands and the United States. In the Netherlands, the most important aim of methadone maintenance is to limit the harm caused by heroin use. Community based methadone maintenance is the subject in several Dutch evaluation studies. Care is described in these studies, however the medical role is not distinguished from the nursing role and functions. Research variables are basic care assumptions and client satisfaction. In the USA, heroin misuse is considered a disease more than in the Netherlands. Nurses in the American methadone maintenance clinics have a more independent function compared with the nurses in the Netherlands. The main variables in the American studies on nursing care in the out-patient methadone maintenance clinics are the nursing process as well as the development and testing of nursing interventions. Further nursing research concerning the methadone maintenance clinics in the Netherlands is needed because the nursing contribution in maintaining and improving the basic health status of the heroin misuser is of vital importance. The American nursing research and the associated outcomes could be used as a guideline.     

Occupational epidemiology in agriculture: a case study in the southern African context

Some challenges facing occupational epidemiology in developing countries are outlined in this case study of agriculture drawing on Southern African research. These include the characterization of exposures in resource- and data-poor environments typical of developing countries, the assessment of outcomes where cross-cultural and socio-environmental confounders may be substantial obstacles, and the impact of environmental exposures on workplace health. Traditional assignment of low priority to the chronic effects of low-dose exposures relative to acute morbidity in developing countries must be critically examined, as must the gender bias of much occupational epidemiology in agriculture. Advocacy issues involving child labor and the ethics of research among vulnerable groups deserve rigorous attention. It is argued that, if occupational epidemiology is to have meaningful impact on the health of the most marginalized groups of workers in developing countries, it must redefine itself in terms of a public health approach. The boundaries of epidemiologic inquiry need to be broad, and amenable to interfacing with policy research, using qualitative methods and participatory approaches. More so than in order industrial settings, epidemiologists must move from research to practice, seeking to take action where interventions are needed, and to evaluate such actions.     

模糊控制在机器人柔顺装配中的应用

提出了一种模糊柔顺的控制方法来控制机器人的装配作业.本方法不需要装配作业的模型参数,省去了大量的计算.并且在控制过程中不需要引入受力信息的变化量.实验证明,这种方法实用性强,实时性好.