大气压等离子体射流改性船体钢表面亲水性研究

在室温下,采用大气压等离子体射流对船体钢进行表面改性,通过水接触角测量、扫描电镜、X射线光电子能谱等分析测试方法研究了等离子体射流处理前后船体钢表面润湿性、表面形貌及化学特性的变化。研究结果表明,船体钢经大气压空气等离子体射流处理后在其表面引入了大量含氧基团,处理2s表面的水接触角就可以降到30°以下;处理后材料表面的亲水性受处理时间及放电电流的影响且在空气中放置时会出现老化效应,处理时间越长,老化效应越弱。     

均匀介质阻挡放电处理提高聚合物薄膜表面亲水性的研究

用中等气压空气中均匀介质阻挡放电(DBD)产生的低温等离子体对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)和聚碳酸酯(PC)两种聚合物薄膜进行表面改性,研究了DBD等离子体处理对两种材料表面亲水性的影响。通过接触角测量和表面能测量以及全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱等手段研究了等离子体处理前后PMMA和PC的表面特性。测量了不同功率密度下材料表面水接触角和表面能随处理时间的变化规律以及处理后的材料在空气中放置时的退化效应,并对改性的机理进行分析。结果表明,两种聚合物薄膜经DBD等离子体处理后,接触角随处理时间的增加而降低,表面能随处理时间的增加而增加,两者均在一定处理时间达到饱和值;增大均匀DBD处理的功率密度,利用更少的处理时间就能得到同样的处理效果。处理后的材料在空气中放置时会出现退化效应,但即使放置14d后材料表面水接触角仍远低于处理前的值。     

超临界CO2流体压力对二醋酸纤维的影响

为开展超临界CO2流体用于二醋酸纤维的功能性加工,考察其对二醋酸纤维结构与性能的影响,采用多种表征方法探讨了超临界CO2流体压力对二醋酸纤维化学结构、结晶结构及热性能等的影响.扫描电子显微镜观察显示,经流体不同压力处理后,二醋酸纤维表面形态并未产生变化.傅里叶变换红外光谱分析结果显示,流体压力的升高使得二醋酸纤维分子链...     

空气中介质阻挡放电对聚丙烯进行表面改性的研究

用大气压空气中介质阻挡放电(DBD)对聚丙烯(PP)薄膜进行表面改性.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEN)观察、接触角测量和X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)等手段,研究了DBD等离子体处理前后PP膜的表面特性.实验结果表明,PP薄膜经DBD等离子体处理后,其表面结构变粗糙,且引入了极性基团,表面微观样貌和表面化学成分均发生变化.PP膜表面水接触角随着处理时间的增加而降低,且在处理8s时达到饱和值53°.对改性后的PP薄膜在空气中放置时的老化效应进行研究后发现,即使放置12天后其表面水接触角仍远低于改性前的值.     

低温等离子体碳纤维表面处理技术研究

采用低温等离子体法对碳纤维表面进行处理,并通过滴水试验、SEM、XPS测试处理效果。与阳极氧化法相比,低温等离子体法能更有效地改变碳纤维的表面性质。滴水试验表明经等离子体处理的碳纤维表面呈极性,与水的润湿性好;SEM测试结果表明,低温等离子体法处理的碳纤维表面沟槽比阳极氧化法的更多,前者表现出更强的表面修饰性;XPS测试结果表明,经等离子体和阳极氧化法处理后的碳纤维表面均含有羧基、羟基、羰基,低温等离子体处理后的碳纤维表面的极性官能团总含量为17%。     

氩等离子体处理对ZnO薄膜阻变效应的影响

本文研究了氩等离子体处理对ZnO薄膜阻变效应的影响,发现等离子体处理可以使薄膜表面平整,并且增加薄膜中的缺陷浓度。以等离子体处理后的ZnO薄膜作为介质层,在Pt/ZnO/Pt三明治结构中观察到无电形成过程的阻变效应。本文研究表明,氩等离子体处理是消除氧化物阻变效应电形成过程的有效手段。     

水环境下等离子体处理聚乙烯木塑复合材料表面性质的演变

利用等离子体处理技术,对木粉/聚乙烯复合材料进行表面处理以改善其胶接性能.为探究胶接接头在水环境下的耐久失效机制,采用水浸实验,利用FTIR和XPS分析手段,研究了水对等离子体处理后的木塑复合材料表面性质的影响.红外光谱分析结果表明,经等离子体处理后,复合材料表面有-OH,C-O和C-O基团生成;随着水浸时间的延长,材...     

低温等离子体对有机物表面改性的实验研究

用平板气体放电等离子体对聚丙烯微孔膜与聚四氟乙烯表面进行改性的实验研究结果：经等离子体改性的聚丙烯微孔膜表面由流水特性变为亲水特性，接触角小于20°；聚四氟乙烯棒表面经等离子体处理，用专用粘结剂粘结后，其强度比未处理的提高了3．5倍。     

常压N2+H2O气液DBD等离子体处理PP无纺布的超亲水性研究北大核心CSCD

采用接触式气液介质阻挡放电装置,采用常压N2和N2+去离子水(H2O)两种介质阻挡放电等离子体对PP无纺布的表面进行改性研究,实验结果表明PP无纺布经N2+H2O等离子体处理60 s后表面出现了超亲水,其表面水接触角降为0°。但是经N2等离子体处理60 s,表面接触角由未处理时的115.8°降低至62°,并未出现超亲水。通过扫描电镜、X射线光电子能谱的对比分析发现,PP经N2+H2O等离子体处理60 s后,表面出现粘连、刻蚀,表面C1s的含量由原来的96.7%下降到31.8%,同时表面O1s和N1s的含量分别增加到38.4%和29.8%,比PP经N2等离子体处理60 s后C1s多降低20.8%,而O1s和N1s的含量分别多增加了12.7%和8.1%,并且PP表面分子出现明显的交联;而FTIR-ATR的结果进一步表明,PP经N2+H2O等离子体处理60 s后表面接入更多的-OH,从而导致表面超亲水。     

常压N_2+H_2O气液DBD等离子体处理PP无纺布的超亲水性研究

采用接触式气液介质阻挡放电装置,采用常压N_2和N_2+去离子水(H_2O)两种介质阻挡放电等离子体对PP无纺布的表面进行改性研究,实验结果表明PP无纺布经N_2+H_2O等离子体处理60 s后表面出现了超亲水,其表面水接触角降为0°。但是经N_2等离子体处理60 s,表面接触角由未处理时的115.8°降低至62°,并未出现超亲水。通过扫描电镜、X射线光电子能谱的对比分析发现,PP经N_2+H_2O等离子体处理60 s后,表面出现粘连、刻蚀,表面C1s的含量由原来的96.7%下降到31.8%,同时表面O1s和N1s的含量分别增加到38.4%和29.8%,比PP经N_2等离子体处理60 s后C1s多降低20.8%,而O1s和N1s的含量分别多增加了12.7%和8.1%,并且PP表面分子出现明显的交联;而FTIR-ATR的结果进一步表明,PP经N_2+H_2O等离子体处理60 s后表面接入更多的-OH,从而导致表面超亲水。     

The interfacial shear strength of Kevlar fiber/epoxy composite measured by the microdroplet test

Epoxy chloropropane (ECP) grafting modification method was used for the surface treatment of Kevlar fiber to improve the interfacial adhesion of the Kevlar fiber reinforced epoxy composite. The surface characteristics of untreated and treated Kevlar fiber were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscope. The interfacial shear strength between epoxy and Kevlar fiber was analyzed by measuring from microdroplet specimens adhered onto a single carbon fiber. Microdroplet specimens exhibited different results of the interfacial strength due to the Kevlar fiber surface treatment. The results showed that a larger shear stress concentration arose along the interface for the surface treated model than for the untreated one.     

PBO纤维表面等离子体接枝改性研究

采用等离子体接枝改性方法对PBO纤维表面进行改性研究，利用AFM分析改性前后纤维表面的形貌变化，测试了改性前后纤维表面浸润性变化，并采用Microbond方法表征了纤维与树脂基体的界面IFSS。结果表明：等离子体接枝后纤维表面引入了活性基团，纤维浸润性改善；在100W、10min接枝条件下IFSS提高了75％。     

水性上浆剂对碳纤维表面及碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料界面性能的影响

以4,4'-亚甲基双(异氰酸苯酯)(MDI)为扩链剂, 将Triton X-100(TX-100)引入到双酚A二缩水甘油醚(DGEBA) 中, 设计合成水性碳纤维上浆剂(DGEBA-MDI-TX-100), 并利用合成的水性上浆剂对碳纤维表面进行改性。在此基础上, 以环氧树脂为基体, 制备碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料, 研究了水性上浆剂改性碳纤维对碳纤维表面性能及其复合材料界面性能的影响。结果表明:与未经处理的碳纤维相比, 经过上浆剂改性后的碳纤维润湿性能得到了较大的提高, 与环氧树脂的接触角下降了 9.1%;与环氧树脂复合后制备的复合材料的界面剪切强度提高了64.7%。      

剑麻/聚丙烯复合材料的冲击性能及其预测

采用注塑工艺制备剑麻纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料,研究纤维含量、长度及其分布、不同基体树脂和相容剂类型等对复合材料冲击性能的影响。分析单纤维强度的分散性,采用修正的Weibull分布模型估算临界纤维强度,并对复合材料的冲击强度进行预测。结果表明：剑麻/聚丙烯的冲击强度随纤维含量增加而升高,树脂基体的性质对冲击强度具有显著的作用;界面层为刚性层的相容剂MAPP对冲击强度具有负作用,而界面层为柔性层的相容剂PP-g-GMA对冲击强度具有提高作用;同等含量下,使用PP-g-GMA后复合材料的冲击强度比使用MAPP提高21.7%。通过KH550硅烷溶液处理后的纤维与PP-g-GMA反应,在界面处引入更加柔性的界面层,使冲击强度比引入MAPP提高50.7%。将纤维取向因子引入冲击强度模型后,预测值与实测值符合较好。     

碳纤维表面等离子接枝及对碳纤维/PAA复合材料ILSS的影响

将碳纤维预浸芳基乙炔后进行空气等离子处理,使芳基乙炔接枝在碳纤维上,并用扫描电镜、红外光谱、紫外光谱、X射线衍射、拉曼光谱等多种方法进行研究。结果表明经过等离子处理以后的碳纤维/芳基乙炔复合材料的层间剪切强度(ILSS)最大可提高12.4%,而碳布接枝了PAA单体以后,可使复合材料的层间剪切强度最大提高到51.27%。      

Interfacial evaluation of carbon fiber/epoxy composites using electrical resistance measurements at room and a cryogenic temperature

Interfacial properties between fiber and matrix were evaluated using an electrical resistance (ER) fragmentation method. The single carbon fiber (CF) tensile test was performed in conjunction with electrical resistance measurements. The relationship between tensile properties of single carbon fiber specimens and the electrical resistance ratio (ERR) was investigated. The data showed a linear relationship between these properties. Fragmentation specimens were tested under tensile loading, and it was observed that, due to stress transfer from the matrix to the reinforcing fiber, the single carbon fiber broke first. The stress distribution along the carbon fiber was monitored via electrical resistance changes. ER fragmentation measurements were performed to predict CF fractured strength embedded in epoxy by an empirical formula of CF tensile results. These interfacial properties of CF epoxy composites were measured at room and a cryogenic temperature. Work of adhesion between the carbon fiber and the matrix was measured to verify the results of the ER fragmentation method, and the two procedures yielded consistent results and conclusions.     

熔体包覆法长玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料的力学性能

采用自行设计的熔体包覆模头制得长纤维增强聚丙烯粒料(LFG),研究了马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(MPP)的含量、玻璃纤维的含量及长度等对长纤维增强聚丙烯(LGF/PP)力学性能的影响。通过注塑和压缩模塑两种成型工艺,比较纤维的损伤情况。结果表明,LGF/PP的力学性能随着MPP和GF含量的增加而增强;单螺杆挤出机挤出过程对纤维的损伤注塑过程更为严重。同时,由两者试样的断面扫描电镜图(SEM)可以得出,试样中纤维的浸渍和分散达到良好的效果。当MPP含量为8%左右,GF含量为30%~40%,LFG长度为12 mm,采用注塑成型可获得综合力学性能较好的LGF/PP制品。     

玻璃纤维基强酸性离子交换纤维的制备

以过氧化苯甲酰为引发刑,将苯乙烯-二乙烯苯交联低聚物包覆在玻璃纤维表面,得到聚(苯乙烯-二乙烯苯)包覆纤维,然后用浓硫酸将聚(苯乙烯-二乙烯苯)包覆纤维磺化,制备强酸性离子交换纤维.研究了反应液固比、反应时间及反应温度对离子交换容量的影响,并用红外光谱加以表征.结果表明:二乙烯苯含量为5%的聚(苯乙烯-二乙烯苯)包覆纤维,在液固比1:4,温度100℃下磺化反应12h,可得到离子交换容量为4.08mmoL/(g树脂)的强酸性离子交换纤维.     

Interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties of carbon fiber composites by fiber surface modification with poly(amidoamine)/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane

Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) was grafted onto carbon fiber surface using poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) as a novel coupling agent at mild reaction conditions. Firstly, the reinforcement was designed with propagation of PAMAM on the fiber surface by in situ polymerization to improve the surface activities of carbon fiber. Secondly, the POSS further grafted on the fiber could significantly enhance fiber surface energy and wettability, which would greatly increase the interfacial strength of fiber-matrix. The microstructure and mechanical properties of carbon fiber and the resulting composites were investigated. The results indicated that PAMAM and POSS, which could significantly increase the surface roughness and wettability of carbon fiber, were successfully grafted on the fiber surface. Compared with the desized fiber composites, the interlaminar shear strength and the interfacial shear strength of the modified carbon fiber composites increased by 48% and 89%, respectively.     

Development of a three-dimensional finite element model for a unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced plastic based on X-ray computed tomography images and the numerical simulation on compression

A unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) was scanned by an X-ray computed tomography (CT) system. Based on the X-ray CT images, a three-dimensional model with random fiber waviness was developed. Each fiber location was identified in a sectional CT image. Subsequently, the relative displacement of fibers between adjacent sectional CT images was obtained with a digital image correlation method. This procedure was repeated to obtain fiber waviness along the axial direction. The constructed three-dimensional fiber model showed random waviness of each fiber in the unidirectional CFRP. Finite element analysis was performed using the three-dimensional model. Simulation results showed bending and twisting deformations coupled with axial contractions during axial compression, which developed due to fiber waviness. A reduction of the fiber directional Young’s modulus due to fiber random waviness was quantitatively evaluated.