分离机中不锈钢碟片表面处理工艺的选择

文中介绍了激光淬火与氮化处理的两种表面复合处理工艺方案:激光-氮化复合处理和氮化-激光复合处理。以离心式分离机中4Cr13不锈钢碟片为试验材料,用两种不同的工艺方案对4Cr13钢试样进行表面复合强化处理。根据所得硬度分布曲线和硬化层深度比较表,分析了激光淬火与氮化处理的不同组合顺序对材料表面硬化层硬度分布和硬化层深度的综合影响效果,最后得出采用氮化-激光复合处理工艺方案可以达到试样表面复合强化处理工艺要求。     

[表面强化及损伤机理]钢轨表面宽带激光淬火工艺及其疲劳磨损性能

针对目前钢轨强化采用的欠速淬火方法存在强化层硬度偏低、耐磨性难以满足重载线路使用要求的问题,使用3种不同光斑宽度的激光,研究了U71Mn材质钢轨的激光淬火强化工艺,获得了不同扫描速度下的临界功率和淬火层深,并测试了淬火层在滚动接触条件下的磨损与接触疲劳性能。结果表明：在临界熔化的激光能量密度下,光斑宽度由6 mm增加到20 mm时,淬火层深度提高了38%,或在获得相同的淬火层深度情况下,处理效率提高6.8倍;淬火层组织为针状马氏体,硬度从原来的300HV提高到800HV以上;20万周次的磨损试验后,激光淬火试样的磨损量只有未处理试样磨损量的25%,未处理试样以表面接触疲劳剥落和塑性变形为主,激光淬火试样仅有轻微的疲劳磨损,耐磨性和抗接触疲劳性能优异。     

钢轨表面宽带激光淬火工艺及其疲劳磨损性能

针对目前钢轨强化采用的欠速淬火方法存在强化层硬度偏低、耐磨性难以满足重载线路使用要求的问题,使用3种不同光斑宽度的激光,研究了U71Mn材质钢轨的激光淬火强化工艺,获得了不同扫描速度下的临界功率和淬火层深,并测试了淬火层在滚动接触条件下的磨损与接触疲劳性能。结果表明:在临界熔化的激光能量密度下,光斑宽度由6mm增加到20mm时,淬火层深度提高了38%,或在获得相同的淬火层深度情况下,处理效率提高6.8倍;淬火层组织为针状马氏体,硬度从原来的300HV提高到800HV以上;20万周次的磨损试验后,激光淬火试样的磨损量只有未处理试样磨损量的25%,未处理试样以表面接触疲劳剥落和塑性变形为主,激光淬火试样仅有轻微的疲劳磨损,耐磨性和抗接触疲劳性能优异。     

大型曲线齿锥齿轮复合加工中的激光淬火轨迹规划研究

为了实现大型螺旋锥齿轮经过一次装夹,完成铣削、激光表面淬火、磨削及精度检测的复合制造,针对直径2 500 mm螺旋锥齿轮齿槽两侧齿面的激光淬火问题进行了研究。在分析了自由曲面的激光表面淬火后~(【1】),提出了一种用于大型螺旋锥齿轮齿面激光表面淬火路径规划的方法。通过仿真及试验,验证了此种方法的合理性,为大型螺旋锥齿轮表面激光淬火的实现奠定了基础。     

热处理技术对钢蜗轮副用材料18Cr2Ni4WA钢滑动磨损行为的影响

在SRV Ⅳ微动磨损试验机上考察不同热处理技术对18Cr2Ni4WA钢磨损行为的影响,并分析磨损机制.在试验条件下,渗碳激光复合处理试样的维氏硬度约为HV760,耐磨性最好,其次为渗碳、低温回火试样和淬火、低温回火试样;正火、高温回火试样的金相组织为回火索氏体,淬火、低温回火试样的金相组织为板条状回火马氏体和残留奥氏体,渗碳、低温回火试样和渗碳、激光表面淬火试样的显微组织均为针状马氏体、残留奥氏体和颗粒渗碳体,且渗碳激光复合处理试样的金相组织较为均匀、细小.     

小型饱和汽轮机叶片抗冲蚀保护方法对比试验研究

在多方案的热力设计计算和分析比较的基础上,建立了适用于小型饱和汽轮机叶片抗冲蚀性能对比试验的热态试验装置。在对汽轮机叶片表面处理工艺进行初步研究的基础上,对不同表面处理后的小型饱和汽轮机叶片试样进行了热态冲蚀试验。通过失重法和同位素法两种冲蚀量评价方法对试验结果进行性能对比评定,并通过金相和电镜分析以及化学腐蚀试验对试样的显微组织和微观形貌进行了详细分析,确认了激光相变淬火工艺相对于其他表面处理方案具有更好的耐冲蚀性能。     

一种风电偏航轴承的热处理工艺调试方法

为了提高风电偏航轴承沟道性能,延长轴承的使用寿命,需要通过工艺试验得到最佳热处理工艺。本文介绍了某风电偏航轴承沟道淬火技术要求,采用中频感应加热表面淬火加低温回火的热处理工艺,分别选用三种不同的工艺参数进行工艺试验,将每种工艺试验结果制备试样并进行金相检测和硬度分析,由试验结果得出符合要求的最佳工艺参数。     

用旧车床改造成仿形辊火焰淬火设备

为满足锥形辊无软带表面淬火的生产需要，利用旧有Ｃ６５０车床改造成用于轧辊零件表面热处理的仿形辊火焰淬火设备。本文简述了该设备的工作原理和技术指标，并探讨了靠模结构对设备性能的影响和作用。     

模切辊激光表面强化研究

用连续CO2激光束对50钢模切辊进行了激光表面相变硬化试验，研究了淬火层的显微组织、硬度分布及工艺参数对强化效果的影响。结果表明：50钢模切辊经激光表面淬火后，硬化层组织由细小的位错马氏体及少量的残余奥氏体组成。模切辊变形很小，且表面硬度高，整体硬度分布较为均匀，能够达到技术要求。采用激光淬火技术对50钢模切辊进行表面强化是可行的。     

激光功率对2A12铝合金淬火组织的影响

通过改变CO2连续激光器的功率,对2A12铝合金试样进行激光表面淬火热处理,并对淬火时效后的组织进行金相分析、显微硬度测试.研究结果表明,功率对2A12铝合金激光淬火组织的影响比较显著.由于2A12铝合金是过烧敏感性最大的硬铝合金,在激光扫描速度、保护气体流量等工艺参数一定的条件下,激光功率过大,得到的是过烧的淬火组织,晶界局部变粗,并出现共品液相球.激光淬火后,显微组织和基材相比明显细化,显微硬度也明显提高.正常淬火表面的显微硬度明显高于过烧表面的显微硬度,比过烧表面的显微硬度高9%.     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.