TDOA中几种时延估计算法的比较

在现有的传声器阵列声源定位方法中,基于声达时间差(TDOA)估计定位法计算量较小,定位精度较高,同时也易于实现实时系统,是目前声源定位法中常用的方法。采用该方法最重要的就是进行时间延迟估计(TDE),其精确性直接影响到定位的准确与否。概括了基于传声器阵列的声达时间差(TDOA)估计定位法中几种时间延迟估计的算法,给出了部分算法的仿真结果,分析了每种算法中存在的优缺点并同时指出了需进一步研究的问题。     

基于BP神经网络的双耳声源定位算法

为了提高复杂声学环境中双耳声源定位性能,本文利用多种双耳空间特征参数,提出了基于神经网络方法的鲁棒双耳声源定位算法。本文将不同声学环境下双耳声信号对应的互相关函数、耳间强度差等空间定位线索,作为输入特征,用于训练BP神经网络。在混响和噪声环境下,与传统双耳定位算法相比,本文基于BP神经网络的双耳定位算法的定位性能有显著提高,特别是低信噪比条件下,定位正确率提高更为显著。     

TDOA声源定位中阵列阵型对误差的影响

在麦克风阵列声源定位中,不同阵列阵型及声源频率高低均对定位结果产生影响,探讨上述不同变量对定位结果产生误差的定量分析。使用到达时间差测量(TDOA)算法,运用16个麦克风分别组成十字型、同心圆、方型、L型、Y型阵列,探讨不同形状的麦克风阵列在不同频率声源下所产生的定位误差,并在Matlab上进行仿真分析,尝试得到较为准确的声源定位结果,提出一种误差最小的用于麦克风阵列声源定位的同心圆阵列阵型。     

一种用于低空声源目标超视距被动声定位的新方法

该文提出了一种用于低空声源目标超视距被动声定位的新算法。该算法根据低空声源目标的声信号在定位反射点的基础上定位目标点,能有效降低声信号超视距传播误差的影响,提高定位精度,为雷达进一步跟踪和定位提供重要信息。仿真结果表明在时延估计精确的情况下,该方法对隐蔽于山后的低空声源目标的位置有较好的估计效果。     

基于可见光通信的BP神经网络室内定位算法

提出一种基于可见光通信的BP神经网络室内定位算法,首先通过MDS-MAP算法和最小二乘法获得全网节点的相对坐标,再利用信源节点的坐标信息得到网络内所有节点的绝对坐标,最后通过单隐层BP神经网络优化定位结果。仿真结果表明,该算法比MDS-MAP算法和MDS-MAP(P)算法的相对定位误差小,应用于室内定位可以得到更高的定位精度。     

基于广义S变换的声发射信号分析及定位

针对声发射信号分析和声源定位问题,提出了基于广义S变换的声发射信号分析方法和三维空间定位方法,推导出了广义S变换的实现过程,使用广义S逆变换对信号进行去噪重构.为保证各传感器时差的准确性,本文利用广义S变换分析声发射信号,提取其主频带能量序列曲线上峰值所对应的时间进行时差计算,然后结合三维空间定位方法对声发射源进行精确定位.仿真实验结果表明该算法能够实现声发射信号的特征提取和准确定位,且误差小,可靠性好.     

用于视频监控的特定声实时定位系统

设计了一种用于视频监控的具有较强抗干扰能力的特定声定位实时系统。本系统利用广义互相关算法(GCC)估计声音到达2个传声器的时间差(TDoA),以此计算声源的方向角。本系统具有特定声检测功能,只有特定声出现时才输出定位结果,提高了系统的抗干扰能力。实验证明,该系统能够实时地对枪声进行定位,当枪声在±30°范围的时候,室内测试的定位误差在±3°以内;室外测试定位误差在±5°以内。     

基于BP神经网络模型的RSSI测距方法研究

针对传统信号传播路径损耗模型接收的信号强度指示(received signal strength indication, RSSI)测距误差较大, 提出了基于反向传播(back propagation, BP)神经网络模型的RSSI测距方法.首先, 研究分析传统信号传播路径损耗模型及测距误差; 其次, 利用BP神经网络构建新的路径损耗模型, 并将该模型应用到RSSI测距中, 对基于BP神经网络模型的RSSI测距方法进行研究; 最后, 通过实验和MATLAB仿真对测距方法进行验证.仿真结果表明:BP神经网络模型的RSSI测距误差比传统信号传播路径损耗模型的RSSI测距误差要小.     

基于RBF神经网络的被动声定位算法研究

提出了基于RBF神经网络的被动声定位算法.该算法根据TDOA定位原理,以四元十字阵作为定位模型,利用RBF神经网络较快的学习特性和逼近任意非线性映像的能力,实现对声源的快速准确定位,并与WLS算法、Chan算法、Taylor算法作对比分析.仿真结果表明,该算法定位精度高,鲁棒性好,性能优于其他算法.     

一种利用线性预测定位的声源跟踪方法

在声源跟踪中,声源定位的精度和更新速率决定了声源跟踪方法的精确度和实时性。常用的声源定位算法易受噪声和混响的干扰,定位精度较差。提出了一种声源跟踪方法,利用语音的线性预测残留误差求互相关对声源定位,减小了噪声和混响对定位的影响。仿真结果显示,该声源跟踪方法有较高的精度和稳定性。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks