截尾卷积码的译码算法分析

介绍了截尾卷积码的循环维特比译码算法和BCJR译码算法，以及在循环维特比算法基础上改进的环绕维特比译码算法和双向维特比算法，最后对各种译码算法的性能进行了仿真分析。     

Analogue decoding of tail-biting convolutional codes based on tanner graph

A scheme is proposed to decode a tail-biting convolutional code based on its Tanner graph, which is traditionally done using a forward-backward MAP algorithm. Therefore, decoding may be performed using a standard sum-product algorithm. With respect to decoding based on trellis, all variables in a Tanner graph are binary, which may lead to complexity reduction. A min-sum algorithm is used to decrease the analogue circuit complexity. Simulation shows there is no significant degradation compared with more complex traditional methods     

Low-complexity decoding of LDPC codes

The offset BP-based algorithm is a reduced-complexity derivative of the belief-propagation algorithm for decoding of low-density parity- check codes. It uses a constant offset term to simplify decoding, but at the cost of performance. A method to obtain a 'variable' offset parameter is presented here, to improve the performance of the algorithm.     

基于LTE截尾卷积码的译码算法改进研究

文章基于LTE(长期演进)采用的截尾卷积码.介绍了截尾卷积码的循环维特比译码算法(CVA)和环绕维特比算法(WAVA).并综合两种算法的优点,对现有算法做了改进,减小了译码计算的复杂度.仿真结果表明,同WAVA相比.改进算法可获得较好的效果,且计算量减小了1/4.     

一种咬尾双二进制Turbo码并行译码方案

针对双二进制Turbo译码使用并行、滑动窗联合译码技术时,其咬尾的编码构造和窗分割导致边界状态值难以获取的问题,提出了一种新咬尾Turbo码并行、滑动窗译码方案——扩展交叠方案.该方案采用了边界状态盲估计和滑动窗状态回溯两种新译码技术.相比于传统的边界状态度量传播方法(又称迭代法),新方法一方面提高了边界状态度量的准确性,从而加快了译码收敛速度,一定程度上减小了高信噪比下的性能损失;另一方面避免了存储前一次译码的迭代度量值,更有利于硬件设计.仿真表明,新方案在64左右的中等窗长下即可消除并行和滑动窗影响,逼近原始无并行无滑动窗译码的性能,且窗长越小,其相较传统迭代法带来的译码性能增益就越明显.该方案具有较好的实用性和应用价值,可以满足5G的高速率、低时延和低存储的数据传输要求.     

Low-complexity sphere decoding algorithm for quasi-orthogonal space-time block codes

Space-time codes can be decoded by the sphere decoding (SD) algorithm to reduce the complexity and retain maximum-likelihood (ML) performance. In this letter, the ML metric of quasi-orthogonal space-time block codes is written into two independent Euclidean norms, thus SD can be applied to each function independently. The new scheme reduces the complexity by at least 85% for systems with four or more transmit antennas, compared with the conventional SD algorithm.     

A robust decoding for long convolutional codes

Sequential decoding is an attractive technique to achieve the reliability of communication promised by the channel coding theory. But, because it utilizes the Fano metric, its performance is sensitive to channel parameter variations and it cannot simultaneously minimize both decoding effort and probability of decoding error. Based on the distance properties of the codes, we have derived a new set of metric which not only can overcome the two drawbacks caused by the Fano metric but also can significantly reduce the decoding effort required by sequential decoding.     

Differential trellis decoding of convolutional codes

This paper investigates the principle of metric differences for trellis decoding of convolutional codes. Based on this differential method, a new algorithm, referred to as differential trellis decoding (DTD), is proposed. DTD offers an alternative to the conventional “add-compare-select” (ACS) method for implementing the Viterbi algorithm     

Generalized threshold decoding of convolutional codes

A one-step threshold decoding method previously presented for cyclic block codes is shown to apply generally to linear convolutional codes. It is further shown that this method generalizes in a natural way to allow decoding of the received sequence in its unquantized analog form.     

Bidirectional decoding of convolutional codes for indoor cellularradio

Bidirectional suboptimal breadth-first decoding of convolutional codes is an attractive technique for slowly varying and quasi-static fading channels as it restricts the extent of decoding errors due to correct path loss to very heavy noise or interference regions. This paper compares the performance of such a decoding scheme to the Viterbi algorithm over wideband TDMA indoor radio links where equalization and space diversity are also used to combat dispersive fading and cochannel interference. On the basis of equal computational complexity and equal decoding delay, suboptimal, breadth-first, bidirectional decoding of a long constraint length convolutional code is shown to be superior to Viterbi decoding of a shorter constraint length code. Furthermore, this advantage increases as the outage criterion (in terms of bit error rate) becomes more stringent which makes bidirectional decoding particularly attractive for data applications and makes channel coding a more attractive alternative to increasing the space diversity order at the receiver     

Joint source-channel decoding of variable-length codes for convolutional codes and turbo codes

Several recent publications have shown that joint source-channel decoding could be a powerful technique to take advantage of residual source redundancy for fixed- and variable-length source codes. This letter gives an in-depth analysis of a low-complexity method recently proposed by Guivarch et al., where the redundancy left by a Huffman encoder is used at a bit level in the channel decoder to improve its performance. Several simulation results are presented, showing for two first-order Markov sources of different sizes that using a priori knowledge of the source statistics yields a significant improvement, either with a Viterbi channel decoder or with a turbo decoder.     

基于OCDMA的新型卷积码译码方案

对光码分多址(OCDMA)的误码特性和卷积码进行研究,根据两者的特点提出了一种新的基于OCDMA多址干扰信道模型的卷积码译码方法.针对这种新型卷积码译码方法的抗误码性和译码速度,将它与原有的维特比(Viterbi)判决译码法进行了横向比较分析.分析结果表明,采用新型译码法可以有效提高卷积码的抗误码性能,同时也可以简化译码时的路径判决程序,降低译码复杂性并提高译码速度.     

卷积码的通用编译码

介绍了实现各种不同码型卷积码的编、译码的通用算法.在考虑程序代码效率、执行效率和程序的可读性的情况下,给出它的程序实现,只需要给定不同的生成多项式,就可以实现各种不同码率和不同约束长度的卷积码编码和译码,能简化通信系统中的软件实现.     

Computational moments for sequential decoding of convolutional codes

The long standing conjecture is established that, for a discrete memoryless channel, there exists a linear convolutional code with infinite constraint length such that therhoth(rho geq 1)moment of the number ofF-hypotheses in the Fano sequential decoding algorithm is bounded, provided that the transmission rateRis less thanE_{0}( rho,r)/ rho, wherer(x)is a distribution over the channel input alphabet. A new concept of independence for a finite set of message sequences plays an essential role in averaging a product of likelihood ratios over an ensemble of code sequences in a code tree. A simpler version of the method can be applied to the proof of the conjecture for general tree codes.     

MAP decoding of convolutional codes using reciprocal dual codes

A new symbol-by-symbol maximum a posteriori (MAP) decoding algorithm for high-rate convolutional codes using reciprocal dual convolutional codes is presented. The advantage of this approach is a reduction of the computational complexity since the number of codewords to consider is decreased for codes of rate greater than 1/2. The discussed algorithms fulfil all requirements for iterative (“turbo”) decoding schemes. Simulation results are presented for high-rate parallel concatenated convolutional codes (“turbo” codes) using an AWGN channel or a perfectly interleaved Rayleigh fading channel. It is shown that iterative decoding of high-rate codes results in high-gain, moderate-complexity coding     

BEAST decoding of block codes obtained via convolutional codes

BEAST is a bidirectional efficient algorithm for searching trees. In this correspondence, BEAST is extended to maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding of block codes obtained via convolutional codes. First it is shown by simulations that the decoding complexity of BEAST is significantly less than that of the Viterbi algorithm. Then asymptotic upper bounds on the BEAST decoding complexity for three important ensembles of codes are derived. They verify BEAST's high efficiency compared to other algorithms. For high rates, the new asymptotic bound for the best ensemble is in fact better than previously known bounds.     

Variable-complexity trellis decoding of binary convolutional codes

Considers trellis decoding of convolutional codes with selectable effort, as measured by decoder complexity. Decoding is described for single parent codes with a variety of complexities, with performance “near” that of the optimal fixed receiver complexity coding system. Effective free distance is examined. Criteria are proposed for ranking parent codes, and some codes found to be best according to the criteria are tabulated, Several codes with effective free distance better than the best code of comparable complexity were found. Asymptotic (high SNR) performance analysis and error propagation are discussed. Simulation results are also provided     

Twin-stack decoding of recursive systematic convolutional codes

We present a method for soft-in/soft-out sequential decoding of recursive systematic convolutional codes. The proposed decoder, the twin-stack decoder, is an extension of the well-known ZJ stack decoder, and it uses two stacks. The use of the two stacks lends itself to the generation of soft outputs, and the decoder is easily incorporated into the iterative “turbo” configuration. Under thresholded decoding, it is observed that the decoder is capable of achieving near-maximum a posteriori bit-error rate performance at moderate to high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). Also, in the iterative (turbo) configuration, at moderate SNRs (above 2.0 dB), the performance of the proposed decoder is within 1.5 dB of the BCJR algorithm for a 16-state, R=1/3, recursive code, but this difference narrows progressively at higher SNRs. The complexity of the decoder asymptotically decreases (with SNR) as 1/(number of states), providing a good tradeoff between computational burden and performance. The proposed decoder is also within 1.0 dB of other well-known suboptimal soft-out decoding techniques     

Feedback decoding of fixed-point arithmetic convolutional codes

Convolutional codes defined over the integers modulo a power of two, an arithmetic structure used for fixed-point arithmetic computations, employ well-known binary convolutional codes as their underlying generators. A recursive decoding technique that exploits binary expansion components of the code symbols uses any binary decoding algorithm valid for the underlying code.