Effect of different cranberry extracts and juices during cranberry juice processing on the antiproliferative activity against two colon cancer cell lines

The effect of cranberry extracts and juices during cranberry juice processing on the antiproliferative properties against colon cancer cells was investigated. Two colon cancer cell lines HT-29 and LS-513 were treated with different concentrations of cranberry phenolic extracts from fruits, puree, depectinised puree and pomace and different concentration of three juices (raw, filtered and concentrated juices). The phenolic extracts consisted of water-soluble phenolic compounds, apolar phenolic compounds and anthocyanins. These phenolic extracts and juices were tested against two cell lines at pH 2.5 (natural juice pH) and at pH 7.0 (physiological pH). All cranberry extracts and juices could inhibit the growth of both cell lines with the IC₅₀ values (the concentration of phenolic content required to inhibit 50% the growth of cancer cells) varied from 3.8 to 179.2 μg gallic acid equivalent/ml. It was found that three types of extracts from fruit at pH 7.0 were the most effective at inhibiting the growth of HT-29 cell line. Extracts containing anthocyanins from fruit and from pomace were the most and the least efficient, respectively, in inhibiting the growth of both cancer cell lines. Further, three juices at natural pH (pH 2.5) were more effective at inhibiting the growth of two cell lines as compared to juices at pH 7.0. Concentrated juice at both pH values was the most effective at growth inhibition of two cancer cell lines compared to two other juices.     

Nutritional composition and antioxidant activity in hazelnut shells from US‐grown cultivars

The hard shell of a hazelnut is a major waste of the hazelnut industry. The chemical composition, phenolic compounds (total phenolics, tannins and condensed tannins), antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS free‐radical scavenging assays), and the relationships between phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of the hazelnut shells from twelve US grown cultivars were investigated to for potential commercial development. Crude fibre accounted for over 85% of total carbohydrate. The shells contained high concentrations of phenolic compounds. Concentrations of phenolic constituents and ABTS^?+ ‐scavenging capacities were significantly higher (P > 0.05) in the Oregon cultivars than their Nebraska counterparts. There were significant positive correlations between ABTS^?+ scavenging capacities and the phenolic compounds, whereas DPPH^? ‐scavenging capacity demonstrated a weak negative correlation with ABTS^?+ scavenging capacity and the phenolics. The results suggest that hazelnut hard shell may serve as a potential source of natural antioxidants for food applications.     

Polyphenolic profile and antioxidant activity of five apple cultivars grown under organic and conventional agricultural practices

The polyphenols and total antioxidant activities of five apple cultivars, grown by organic and conventional agricultural methods in neighbouring farms, were determined and compared. Total polyphenols in the whole fruit and in the peel were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and the total antioxidant activity was determined by three established methods, diphenyl picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), azinobis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP). Polyphenolic content for the whole fruit was in the range of 80–196 and for the peel 165–400 (mg Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE)/100 g fresh weight) for both types of agricultural practices. Antioxidant activities of fruit extracts were also relatively similar and well correlated to their polyphenolic content. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of the most important polyphenolics (chlorogenic acid, catechin, epicatechin, procyanidin B1 and B2, cyaniding 3-galactoside, phloridzin, quercetin 3-galactoside and quercetin 3-arabinoside) also showed that concentrations do not differentiate significantly between the organic and conventional apples. Statistical significance of differences in antioxidant activities among the same cultivars was relatively small (flesh + peel or peel only) for both types of apples. These results indicate that organic apples do not present higher antioxidant or nutritional value compared with conventionally grown ones, as far as polyphenolic content and total antioxidant activities are concerned.     

Physical properties of barley and oats cultivars grown in high altitude Himalayan regions of India

In this study, some selected physical properties of oats and barley viz seed size, shape, gravimetric properties, density characteristics, angle of repose, static coefficient of friction and terminal velocity were determined at a constant moisture content of 8.0 %. These properties are often required for designing of food processing appliances. The average of the principle diameters was found to be 4.96 ± 0.50, 5.34 ± 0.31, 6.00 ± 0.26 and 5.41 ± 0.44 mm and 1,000-grain weight was 41.9 ± 0.2, 40.06 ± 0.02, 36.66 ± 0.01 and 36.51 ± 0.02 g for hulled barley, hulless barley, Sabzaar oats and SkO-20 oats, respectively. The grains were narrow and elongated having an average sphericity of 50.55 ± 3.7, 47.923 ± 1.8, 32.578 ± 1.3 and 35.69 ± 2.1 %, respectively. The physical properties of the flours like angle of repose, flowability, bulk and true density were also determined. The value of angle of repose was found to be 50.44 ± 0.27⁰, 63.45 ± 0.34⁰, 46.86 ± 0.25⁰ and 44.49 ± 0.10⁰ for the flour of hulled barley, hulless barley, oats Sabzaar and SKO-20, respectively. The flours had poor flowability having a compressibility index of 33.69 ± 0.12, 34.32 ± 0.87, 27.94 ± 1.23 and 27.5 ± 0.74 and Hausner’s ratio 1.58, 1.52, 1.38 and 1.37, respectively.     

Major flavan-3-ol composition and antioxidant activity of seeds from different grape cultivars grown in Turkey

The major flavan-3-ols composition and antioxidant activity of the seeds of 12 different common grape varieties that grow in Turkey were investigated. The quantities of gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin and total flavan-3-ol were determined with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and spectrophotometric method in grape seeds extracts. Gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin and total flavan-3-ol varied from 18 to 101, 121–845, 85–893 and 4 507–13 360 mg/100 g in grape seeds, respectively. The seeds of Papaz Karası, Alicante Boushet and Kalecik Karası cultivars were good sources for these compounds among the cultivars examined. In most cultivars, the amount of epicatechin was greater than that of catechin. The cultivars that have high total flavan-3-ol content had the strongest free radical scavenging activities and results were shown that there is a highly significant correlation between the total flavan-3-ol content and antiradical efficiency (AE) (r=0.9168, P<0001).     

Effects of temperature on the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of three strawberry cultivars

Three strawberry cultivars (Dover, Campineiro, and Oso Grande), grown in the same commercial plantation, were harvested at the ripe stage and stored at 6, 16 and 25 °C, for 6 days. During this period, chemical composition and antioxidant activity were evaluated. Results showed an increase in total soluble sugars, anthocyanin and vitamin C contents, indicating that a new biosynthesis had taken place during storage. Low temperature negatively affected anthocyanin and vitamin C accumulation, and positively affected soluble sugars, while flavonols, ellagic acid and total phenolic contents remained almost the same or even decreased at all temperatures. Despite differences in anthocyanin content between varieties and its increase during storage (higher with increasing temperature), there was no difference in the antioxidant activity between cultivars, which decreased after harvesting, independently of the temperature of storage. Variations in the proportion dehydroascorbic acid/ascorbic acid (DHA/AA) showed that there were differences between cultivars concerning adaptation of the fruit to low temperatures. The data obtained here indicate that cold storage is an effective way to maintain strawberry quality, but a compromise between sensorial and nutritional values can be achieved at 16 °C, for all the cultivars.     

In vitro antioxidant and antiproliferative activity of three rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) extract formulations

Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of three rosemary extract formulations (VivOX 20, VivOX 40 and Inolens 50) with different contents of carnosic acid, carnosol and methylcarnosol were tested in vitro. Electron spin resonance measurements revealed that Inolens 50 extract that contained highest amount of carnosic acid was the most potent scavenger of hydroxyl (concentration of extract where 50% of its maximal scavenging activity is observed, that is, EC₅₀, 109.54 μg mL^?1), superoxide anion (EC₅₀ = 7.94 μg mL^?1) and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (EC₅₀ = 27.4 μg mL^?1)‐free radicals. Comparison of the radar charts of standard antioxidants and rosemary extracts showed similarity between antioxidant characteristics of Inolens 50 and chlorogenic and caffeic acids. Tested rosemary extracts exhibited significant (P ≤ 0.01) antiproliferative effect in cervix epitheloid carcinoma (HeLa), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7) and colon adenocarcinoma (HT‐29) cell lines. In both MCF7 and HeLa cell lines, the extracts yielded very low IC₅₀ values (concentration of extract needed to inhibit cell growth by 50%), the most pronounced being for Inolens 50 in MCF7 (IC₅₀ = 9.95 μg mL^?1) and VivOX 20 in HeLa cell line (IC₅₀ = 10.02 μg mL^?1). The obtained results may provide support for the use of tested rosemary extracts as nutraceuticals and phytopharmaceuticals.     

Phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties of different grape cultivars grown in China

Skins and seeds of 18 grape cultivars belonging to Oriental and North American Vitis Species/hybrids, and Vitis vinifera were analysed for health beneficial properties. Four phenolic compound parameters (total phenols, flavonoids, flavan-3-ols and anthocyanins) and three antioxidant property parameters (DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging, ABTS [2,2-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothialozine-sulphonic acid)] radical scavenging and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power)) were measured. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used for this evaluation and results showed that both phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties in the seeds and skins varied among the cultivars investigated. V. vinifera “Cabernet Sauvignon” had the highest values of phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties in seeds followed by Muscadines, while the lowest appeared in the Oriental Vitis species. As expected, these values of the Euro-Asian or Euro-American hybrids fell between the parents. However, far less variation of these values was observed in the skins among different grape cultivars investigated. Interestingly, even the total phenolic contents in the berries of two cultivars are similar, distributions of phenolic compounds in seeds and skins varied greatly among them. Additionally, significant correlations among different antioxidant assays in both seeds and skins were observed. These antioxidant properties were also found highly correlated to the main phenolic compounds.     

Physiological changes, phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Salvia officinalis L. grown under saline conditions

BACKGROUND: Hydroponic culture was used to investigate the effect of NaCl concentrations on the growth, nutrient uptake, phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Salvia officinalis L. leaves. The antioxidant capacity of the methanolic extract of S. officinalis was evaluated by using 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging test and β‐carotene‐linoleic acid bleaching assay. Physiological and biochemical parameters of S. officinalis were assessed after 4 weeks of salt treatment with 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mmol L^?1 NaCl. RESULTS: Plant growth exhibited a reduction of 61% at 100 mmol L^?1 NaCl. Assessment of Na⁺, K⁺ and Ca²⁺ and water contents of shoots and roots showed that S. officinalis is able to regulate Na⁺ concentration by active compartmentation in vacuoles. Salvia officinalis phenolics were increased in response to salinity at the threshold of 75 mmol L^?1 NaCl. This herb was also found to be able to achieve important DPPH^? quenching activity and to inhibit the β‐carotene‐linoleic acid bleaching notably enhanced by salt treatment. It is interesting to highlight the correlation between the phenolic and antioxidant activity, suggesting the involvement of these compounds in this activity. CONCLUSION: Salvia officinalis treated with 75 mmol L^?1 NaCl constitutes a potential source for production of secondary metabolites useful in several applications. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Influence of germination period on physicochemical,pasting and antioxidant properties of Indian wheat cultivars

In the present study, physicochemical, pasting and antioxidant properties of six wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar grains after 24, 48 and 72 h of germination duration were evaluated and compared with their un-germinated counterparts. Chemical compositions of un-germinated fraction of whole flour were also determined. The results showed that swelling power decreased whereas solubility increased as the time of germination increased. From 24 to 72 h water and oil absorption capacities increased significantly with germination. The DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power exhibited significant (p?≤?0.05) increase with germination for all the cultivars. Total phenolic content ranged from 463.6 to 644.6 µg ferulic acid equivalents (FAE)/g for un-germinated to 1255.5–2380.9 µg FAE/g for germinated whole grain flour. Total flavonoids content increased from 86.5 to 266.7 µg catechin equivalents (CE)/g for un-germinated to 289.7–385.4 µg CE/g as the duration of germination increased from 0 to 72 h. The characteristics curves showing pasting profile of different cultivars became nearly linear for 48 and 72 h germinated grain flour. Several, significant correlations were observed among studied properties from principal component analysis.     

Physicochemical and structural properties of starches isolated from corn cultivars grown in Indian temperate climate

Starches isolated from five corn cultivars namely C4, C5, C6, C8, and C15 were investigated for their physicochemical and structural properties. The amylose content of corn starches varied from 24.74 to 30.32 g/100 g among the cultivars. The starch granules showed polyhedral granule shapes and differences in their mean granule size ranged from 2.3 to 19.5 μm. The starch samples showed A-type diffraction pattern with strong reflection at 15.25, 18.11, and 23.33°. Pasting profile, textural, and thermal properties of corn starch showed the cultivar differences. Raman spectroscopy showed the major band intensities at 1340, 1082, 940, 865, 523, 485, 440, and 412 cm^?1. Syneresis and turbidity of gelatinized pastes of starches varied among the cultivars and increased progressively with the increase in storage period. The present study can be used for identifying differences between corn genotypes for starch quality and could provide guidance to possible industries for their end use.     

Antioxidant and antiproliferative activity of polyphenols in novel high-polyphenol grape lines

Health-beneficial effects of grape and wine consumption have been linked to the presence of various polyphenols including anthocyanins in these products. The anthocyanin levels of red grape varieties can vary significantly and there is an interest in developing grape varieties with high anthocyanin levels. In this study, antioxidant and antiproliferative effects of grape anthocyanins from a group of selected grape lines designated as V 72, V 83 and V 103 developed through traditional breeding of the parent lines Lomanto and Seibel 8357, were investigated. The total anthocyanin levels in the different “Vintinto” lines (V) ranged from 119 mg/100 g fresh weight to 963 mg/100 g fresh weight. HPLC–MS analysis of the anthocyanin fractions of grapes in three selected high-polyphenol lines showed predominantly the glucosides of delphinidin, cyanidin, peonidin, petunidin and malvidin with lesser amounts of acetoyl glucosides and coumaroyl glucosides. Anthocyanin fractionation based on hydrophobicity and subsequent evaluation of antioxidant activities showed varying efficiencies in scavenging superoxide, hydroxyl and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. However, antiproliferative activity of these fractions evaluated using the estrogen receptor positive MCF-7 cells were very similar. High polyphenol grapes and products derived from such grapes may be useful as a concentrated source of dietary polyphenols.     

Chemical and antioxidant properties of pomegranate cultivars grown in the Mediterranean region of Turkey

Arils from six pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivars obtained from various sites from the Mediterranean region of Turkey were evaluated for their chemical and antioxidant properties. These properties included total phenolics (TP), total monomeric anthocyanins (TMA), soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), individual sugars and organic acids. Antioxidant capacities of arils were determined by both the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assays. The antioxidant capacities averaged 5.60 and 7.35 mmol TE/l by the TEAC and FRAP methods. Variability among cultivars was greatest for TMA content (CV 132%); individuals ranged from 6.1 to 219 mg cy3-Gluc l⁻¹. TP means averaged 1507 mg GAE/l. Levels of FRAP, TEAC, TP, and TMA were strongly correlated (r = 0.82–0.96). The major sugars were fructose (6.4 g/100 ml) and glucose (6.8 g/100 ml), the major acids were citric (1.78 g/100 ml) and malic (0.12 g/100 ml).     

Mushroom varieties found in the Himalayan regions of India: Antioxidant,antimicrobial, and antiproliferative activities

Food Science and Biotechnology - This study evaluates the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiproliferative activities of mushroom varieties (Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Coprinus...     

Comparative study on antiproliferation properties and cellular antioxidant activities of commonly consumed food legumes against nine human cancer cell lines

The aims of this work were to compare health promoting effects of commonly consumed food legumes in terms of cancer cell proliferation inhibitory effects and cellular antioxidant activities (CAA). The CAA was evaluated by fluorescence microplate reader based on in vitro animal cell cultivation. Antiproliferative properties were assayed by MTT method using in vitro cell culture system. Phytochemicals (including total phenolic, procyanidin, saponin and phytic acid) and chemical antioxidant activities (including DPPH free radical scavenging activity, oxygen radical absorbing capacity, peroxyl radical scavenging capacity (PRSC)) were also determined for comparison purposes. The results showed that different types of legumes possessed considerable variations in their phytochemicals, as well as chemical and cellular antioxidant activities. Adzuki bean exhibited the strongest antiproliferative properties in a dose-dependent manner against all digestive system cancer cell lines (CAL27, AGS, HepG2, SW480 and Caco-2), ovary cancer cell SK-OV-3 and breast cancer cell MCF-7 among all legumes tested. Black soybean exhibited the highest saponin, phytic acid content, PRSC values, and the strongest CAA values. These results indicate that commonly consumed food legumes may serve as an excellent dietary source of natural antioxidants for health promotion and cancer prevention.     

Phenolics and antioxidant capacity of table grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars grown in Chile

Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) possess health-promoting effects attributed to their supply of a wide variety of bioactive phenolics. Juice and skin fractions of 4 varieties of table grapes: Red Globe, Crimson Seedless, Autumn Royal, and Ribier were prepared to determine and compare their total phenolics content, antioxidant capacity (DPPH, FRAP, and ORAC), anthocyanins, and specific phenolics (caffeic acid, gallic acid, resveratrol, and catechin) content, since a series of positive health benefits are expected from the intake of any of these fractions. Higher amounts of total phenolics and antioxidant capacity were observed in the skin fractions (P < 0.05). Blue grapes (Autumn Royal and Ribier) exhibited higher phenolics content and antioxidant capacity (P < 0.05) than red grapes. The most abundant phenolic compound observed was catechin (P < 0.05). Significant correlations between the antioxidant capacity and total phenolics were observed in grape juice and skin fractions. Autumn Royal juice provides a very high amount of phenolics, anthocyanins, and exhibits the highest antioxidant capacity, offering the best health promoting properties compared with the other grape varieties studied. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Grapes possess health-promoting effects attributed to their supply of a wide variety of bioactive phenolics. Grape juice made with blue grapes (Autumn Royal, Ribier) exhibit higher phenolics content and antioxidant capacity than juice elaborated with red grapes (Red Globe, Crimson Seedless). The skin is a good source of phenolics and has a high antioxidant capacity. Specific health-promoting phenolics are more abundant in blue grapes, mainly in their skin fraction, which should not be discarded.     

Quality, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activity of new flat-type peach and nectarine cultivars: a comparative study

In this work, some organoleptic and nutritive parameters related to fruit quality (color, firmness, total soluble solids, and total acidity), the content of bioactive compounds (total phenolics and total carotenoids) as well as the total antioxidant activity (TAA) due to hydrophilic (H-TAA) and lipophilic (L-TAA) compounds have been determined in both skin and flesh of 10 flat peach and nectarine genotypes (7 peaches and 3 nectarines). Results showed that genotype plays an important role in determining the organoleptic and nutritive quality, as well as the concentration of bioactive compounds and the related TAA, since these parameters differed largely among cultivars. Overall data suggest that for commercial purposes and consumer's acceptability (based on color, firmness, acidity, and bioactive compounds), the flat nectarine "ASF-06-83" and the flat peaches "Sweet Cap" and "ASF-06-91" could be considered as the best cultivars. Additionally, it is suggested that the content of bioactive compounds should be included as an important factor in future breeding program to obtain new genotypes with enhanced bioactive compounds. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Genotype of flat peaches and nectarines plays an important role in determining the organoleptic and nutritive quality, as well as the content of bioactive compounds. Given the differences on bioactive compounds concentration and antioxidant activity among peaches and nectarines flat cultivars, these parameters should be included as an important factor in future breeding program to obtain new genotypes with enhanced bioactive compounds.     

不同品种枇杷果实酚类物质及其抗氧化活性分析

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