等温多向锻造AZ61镁合金的组织演化与力学性能

研究AZ61镁合金在等温锻造过程中的显微组织及力学性能变化,讨论晶粒细化机理及显微组织与力学性能的关系。结果表明：合金的平均晶粒尺寸随着多向锻造道次的增加而减小,在初始的1、2道次变形过程中,晶粒急剧细化,随着变形道次的增加,晶粒细化能力减弱,经过6道次变形后,晶粒尺寸由初始的148gm细化到14μm。晶粒细化主要是由于合金在锻造过程中发生了连续动态再结晶。随着变形道次的增加,合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率逐渐增加。     

压铸态镁/铝异种金属搅拌摩擦焊接接头组织及性能

对3 mm厚压铸态AZ91D镁合金和压铸态ADC12铝合金进行了结果表明搅拌摩擦焊,采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射、万能试验机等分析了接头的微观组织和力学性能。结果表明:铝合金置于前进侧,前进速度为40 mm/min,转速为900～1300 r/min时,可获得成形良好的焊接接头;接头焊核区域镁铝合金相互混合,发生机械互锁,组织呈现条带状特征;母材中粗大铸态枝晶明显细化,非镁/铝基体相主要有Si、Mg_2Al_3、Mg_(17)Al_(12)和Mg_2Si,颗粒状尺寸随转速的增加呈先降后增趋势;接头平均抗拉强度随转速增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势;断裂均发生在前进侧热机影响区和焊核的交界处。关键词:搅拌摩擦焊;微观组织;力学性能;压铸镁合金;压铸铝合金     

工艺参数对AM50A镁合金双控成形件组织和性能的影响(英文)

利用四因素四水平正交实验研究工艺参数对双控成形AM50A镁合金构件的力学性能和微观组织的影响。双控成形的参数变化曲线表明,锻造过程是在压射过程完成35 ms后启动的。这表明双控成形过程既包含高速充填过程又具有高压密实过程。与压铸相比,双控成形构件既具有好的表面质量又具有高的力学性能。这主要是由于双控成形构件具有细小、均匀且具有很少(或者没有)铸造缺陷的微观组织所致。与浇注温度、模具温度和锻造压力相比,压铸速度对构件的屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率有更大的影响。但是与压射速度、模具温度和锻造压力相比,浇注温度对构件的硬度有更大的影响。除模具温度之外,675°C的浇注温度、2.7 m/s的压射速度和4000kN的锻造压力是获得最高的屈服强度、抗拉强度、伸长率和硬度的工艺参数。而要获得最高的屈服强度、抗拉强度、伸长率和硬度的模具温度匹配顺序为:205、195、195和225°C。在压铸件的拉伸断口表面能够发现明显的显微缩松和微裂纹。双控成形构件的拉伸断口表面存在大量的韧窝,没有铸造缺陷。这种韧窝形貌的断口对于提高构件的力学性能非常有利。     

A study on the boss forming process of AZ31 Mg alloy sheet

A series of boss forming tests has been carried out using an AZ31 Mg alloy sheet at 250 °C, 300 °C, and 350 °C with various lubrication conditions to obtain optimum process conditions. The Mg alloy sheet had a homogeneous distribution of very fine sized grains. Surface defects generated during boss forming process could be reduced by changing the friction conditions, as prescribed by FEM analysis using the DEFORM 2D program. The modified boss forming process, lubricating only on the front side, was found to be successful in manufacturing the boss without defects.     

铸型冷却速度对半固态镁合金浆料凝固组织的影响

采用不同直径型腔的铜质和铁质两种金属型,研究了铸型冷却速度对双螺杆机械搅拌法制备的半固态镁合金浆料凝固组织的影响.结果表明,随着铸型冷却速度的降低,半固态浆料的固相率升高,初生α-Mg相晶粒平均尺寸增大.采用铁质重力金属型不能制备直径大于φ25mm的半固态镁合金坯料,半固态浆料必须采用压铸或挤压成形的方法才能为触变成形工艺提供优质的半固态坯料.     

多次加热成形对TA15钛合金复杂锻件组织性能的影响

研究了TA15钛合金复杂锻件多次加热成形时,小变形/无变形区的组织性能变化。结果表明,同一温度下,随加热次数增加,试验件强度塑性略有下降,加热次数对拉伸性能的影响不明显;加热温度对试验件性能影响明显,温度增高,强度降低。多次加热时,变形量大的试验件强度低于变形量小的试验件。为保证大型复杂锻件组织性能均匀性,多次锻造加热温度不宜高。     

喷射成形Al-8.0Si-4.0Cu-0.5Mg合金的组织及性能

采用喷射成形技术制备了Al-8.0Si-4．0Cu-0．5Mg合金棒材,分析了该合金的组织,研究了台金成形过程中孔洞及疏松的形成情况,测量了合金的力学性能及摩擦性能。结果表明,喷射成形工艺制备的合金具有细小均匀的微观组织结构,固溶、时效处理能够得到良好的弥散强化,具有良好的性能。     

Effect of position on the tensile properties in high-pressure die cast Mg alloy

Tensile tests were performed at different locations of high-pressure die cast (HPDC) Mg alloy and the effect of position on the tensile properties such as yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), ductility and fracture strain (FS) are explained. Additionally, the significance of micro-failure mode of the material is presented. The average size, area fraction and clustering tendency of pores and Mg₁₇Al₁₂ (β) particles as well average grain size are correlated with the mechanical properties and found their influences.     

The indirect ultrasonic vibration process for rheo-squeeze casting of A356 aluminum alloy

The semisolid slurry of A356 Al alloy was prepared by indirect ultrasonic vibration (IUV) method and then formed by direct squeeze casting (SC). The effects of squeeze pressure and T6 heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of rheo-squeeze casting (RSC) A356 Al alloy were investigated. The results indicate that with the increase of squeeze pressure, the average diameter of primary α-Al particles decreased, while the densities and mechanical properties of the samples increased. The effect of T6 heat treatment on the mechanical properties is more significant in RSC samples than in conventional SC samples. The tensile strength and elongation of T6 heat treated RSC samples under 100 MPa pressure are 338 MPa and 8%, respectively.     

Effects of sample thickness on microstructures and mechanical properties of A357 alloy

Abstract

The effects of sample thickness on the density, microstructures and mechanical properties of as cast Al alloy were investigated. Microstructures were observed with a scanning electron microscope. Mechanical properties were studied at room temperature. The results show that the sample thickness has minor influence on the relative density of Al alloy. The obtained relative density up to ～99·24% was confirmed that the vacuum counter–pressure casting has the excellent solidification mechanism. The microstructures were refined and the secondary dendrite arm spacing was decreased with the decrease in sample thickness, and the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and elongation were improved. The ultimate tensile strength and elongation could be related to their secondary dendrite arm spacing using linear equations. With the increase in sample thickness, the quasi-cleavage fractures were increased and the number of dimples got an evident reduction in fracture surfaces.     

Al-4.6Zn-2.58Mg合金热变形工艺研究

在工业化生产条件下,采用半连续铸造、自由锻造、固溶和时效处理技术制备A l-4.6Zn-2.58Mg合金锻件。采用热加工模拟方法优化该合金的热加工工艺。试验结果表明:该合金高温压缩变形时的流变应力随变形温度的升高而减小,随变形速率的提高而增大。合金在420℃以下热变形,热变形组织主要为动态回复组织;在420℃以上热变形,热变形组织有动态再结晶发生。在400℃~420℃之间热压缩变形,变形抗力比较小;380℃~420℃时铸态塑性最好。该合金较适宜的热加工温度范围为400℃~420℃。     

Microstructural modification and mechanical property improvement in friction stir zone of thixo-molded AE42 Mg alloy

Thixo-molded AE42 Mg alloy was friction stir welded, and the soundness of joints was evaluated, together with the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties in friction stir zones. According to X-ray radiography, the optimum FSW condition range of AE42 alloy exists between AZ61 and AZ31 alloys, and it seems that the optimum welding condition range increases with decreasing Al content in the Mg alloys. There are mainly two kinds of compounds in the thixo-molded AE42 alloy, and FSW has little influence on the grainy Al₁₀RE₂Mn₇ compound, but it has great influence on Al₁₁RE₃ phase, which is changed from lamellar eutectic to small particles after welding. Furthermore, the average diameter of Al₁₁RE₃ particles in SZ decreases with increasing the traveling speed at constant rotation speed due to less heat input. The hardness in SZ is higher than that in BM, and tensile strength and elongation are both improved after welding because the stirring refines and uniforms the microstructure and intermetallic compounds.     

Effect of Sr on forming properties of A1-Mg-Si based alloy sheets

The effects of Sr element on the forming properties of the AI-Mg-Si based alloy sheets were studied by tensile test, metallograph, DSC, XRD, SEM and TEM. The results show that the tensile strength of aluminum alloy sheet added 0.033%（mass fraetion）Sr increases comparing with that of free Sr. Simultaneously, the forming properties of sheets evidently increase, the elongation hardenability （n） and plastic strain ratio （r） and Erichsen number increase 27.8%, 11.1%, 10.8% and 12%, respectively, and the forming limit diagram increases evidently, too. The analysis shows that Sr is surface active element, which can refine grains of alloys, promote precipitation, reduce activation energy of β＂ phase, and lead the formation of α-（A18Fe2Si） phase instead of β-（AlsFeSi） phase. As a result, the forming properties of the alloy sheet increase.     

M-Y-Zr-Nd 合金微观结构、力学性能、电磁屏蔽性能的研究

制备了不同Nd含量的Mg-Y-Zr-xNd合金铸锭,研究了Nd含量对微观结构、力学性能和电磁屏蔽性能的影响。实验结果表明,当Nd含量增加到2.63%时,晶粒尺寸从70.1μm细化到42.9μm,并且在晶界不连续分布骨骼状β相。随着Nd含量增加,合金强度和电磁屏蔽性能都会增加。Nd含量为2.63%时同时具有良好的强度和电磁屏蔽性能,T6处理能进一步提高屏蔽效能。根据分析以上实验结果是由于Nd的添加量不同引起微观结构不同造成的。     

Precision forging technologies for magnesium alloy bracket and wheel

Fundamental investigations on precision forging technology of magnesium alloys were studied.As-cast billet prestraining and a new concept of hollow billet were proposed in order to reduce the maximum forming load.A schcme of isothermal forming and the use of combined female dies were adopted,which can improve the die filling capacity and ensure the manufacture of high quality forgings.By means of the developed technique,AZ80 alloy wheel and AZ31 alloy bracket were produced successfully at suitable proces...     

热变形含镁Zn-Cu-Ti合金组织特征、力学性能和耐腐蚀性能

本文采用挤压加轧制的方法制备Zn-0.75Cu-0.15Ti-0.3Mg合金板材,并探讨其组织演变过程、力学性能和耐腐蚀性能。结果表明：挤压变形后Zn-0.75Cu-0.15Ti-0.3Mg合金呈细小的等轴晶形貌,Zn基体中存在微米级TiZn3和MgCuZn颗粒相以及纳米级CuZn5颗粒相。轧制变形促使合金的晶粒发生长大,并且晶粒尺寸较为不均匀。随着轧制变形量的增大,基体形变诱导晶内更多MgCuZn颗粒相的析出。轧制变形后合金的强度和延伸率均呈降低趋势,抗拉强度从142.7MPa降低到不到110MPa,这主要归因于晶粒的长大和脆性第二相的增多。不过,轧制变形有助于合金耐腐蚀性能的提高,轧制态合金具有较低的腐蚀电流密度(25.47×10-5Amp/cm2)和较高的腐蚀产物层电阻(166.7Ω/cm2)。     

La、Zr微合金化对Al-5Mg-0.2Ti合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

采用铸锭冶金法制备了含稀土La和Zr的Al-Mg-Ti合金,通过力学性能测试及金相显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱和X射线衍射仪,观察分析了La、Zr微合金化对Al-Mg-Ti合金微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,添加0.2%Zr能有效细化Al-Mg-Ti合金晶粒,说明Ti、Zr的细化作用是相容的,同时基体中析出的脆硬相Al_3Zr能显著提高合金硬度,但弱化了晶粒细化对合金强度和塑性的影响。0.2%La和0.2%Zr复合添加时的细化效果更为显著,合金的平均晶粒尺寸仅为55μm,同时La的添加有效避免了脆硬相Al_3Zr的析出和粗化,使合金的强度和塑性都得到了显著的提高,而硬度变化较小。     

镁合金筒形件旋压成形工艺及模具设计

介绍了镁合金筒形件的旋压成形工艺,研究了成形该工件的旋压模具结构。在加热状态下,由主轴带动芯模和毛坯旋转,依靠芯模和旋轮使毛坯发生变薄旋压。同时针对设计过程中出现的温度、毛坯结构等影响因素,设计出了合理的模具。该模具结构简单,重点设计旋轮和芯模,实现了在普通车床上进行旋压,降低了成本,并成功得以生产应用。     

固溶温度对Mg-Zn-Gd-Y-Zr生物可降解合金组织及性能影响

利用OM、SEM、TEM等手段研究了固溶处理对Mg-Zn-Gd-Y-Zr合金组织的影响,并对合金的耐腐蚀性能及力学性能进行了测试。结果表明:固溶处理有效改善铸态合金的组织不均匀性,在460～510℃温度范围固溶处理后,合金的晶粒尺寸随温度升高而逐渐增大,第二相尺寸减小并趋于球形。当固溶温度高于490℃时,有少量Zn_2Zr_3相析出,且随温度的升高,析出相有增多及粗化趋势。在490℃固溶8 h后,合金的组织均匀,耐蚀性相对较好,腐蚀较为均匀,失重腐蚀速率为0.472±0.048 mm/a,抗拉强度、屈服强度及延伸率分别为196.2±3.5 MPa、111.1±6.4 MPa和(18.9±1.3)%。试验研究了合金腐蚀后的力学性能,结果表明:490℃固溶8 h试样在模拟体液中浸泡后,力学性能在1～7 d内急剧下降,7～14 d下降较为缓慢,随浸泡时间的延长断裂形式从准解理断裂转变为脆性断裂。     

变形高温合金成型质量控制中的转换研究

从变形高温合金成型过程中的因果参量转换问题讨论了成型质量控制方法。建立智能化成型加工数据库对实验类信息进行提取和转换,通过成型物理场数值模拟对内部物理演化过程进行预测。