运动想象脑电信号特征提取与分类算法研究

针对运动想象脑电信号特征提取困难,分类正确率低的问题,提出了利用小波熵进行特征提取并采用支持向量机（SVM）来分类的算法。计算运动想象脑电信号的功率,通过理论分析选择小波包尺度,对信号功率进行小波包分解并计算其小波包熵（WPE）,提取C3、C4导联的小波包熵插值组成特征向量,将特征向量作为分类器的输入送入支持向量机进行分类。采用国际BCI竞赛2003中的Graz数据进行验证,算法的最高分类正确率达97.56%。算法特征向量维数低、数据量小、分类正确率高,对运动想象脑电信号特征提取及分类的任务可以提供参考方法。     

基于WP-ICA及SVM的齿轮故障诊断研究

针对旋转机械设备齿轮故障诊断问题,为全面提取反映齿轮运行状态的特征信息,提出了基于WP(小波包)与ICA(独立成分分析)相融合的特征提取及SVM(支持向量机)相适配的故障诊断方法。用小波包对信号进行分析并提取其能量特征,采用独立成分分析方法对提取的能量特征进一步优化,进而得到反映齿轮运行状态的特征向量。最后采用支持向量机对齿轮运行状态的四种类型(正常、轻微故障、中等故障、断齿故障)进行诊断评估。通过纵向比较和横向比较研究表明,所提特征提取方法较单一的小波包特征提取方法更能全面反映齿轮状态信息。采用SVM方法进行齿轮故障模式诊断,较其它方法具有更高的分类准确率,达到了很好的诊断效果。     

A new optimum feature extraction and classification method for speaker recognition: GWPNN

Speech and speaker recognition is an important topic to be performed by a computer system. In this paper, an expert speaker recognition system based on optimum wavelet packet entropy is proposed for speaker recognition by using real speech/voice signal. This study contains both the combination of the new feature extraction and classification approach by using optimum wavelet packet entropy parameter values. These optimum wavelet packet entropy values are obtained from measured real English language speech/voice signal waveforms using speech experimental set. A genetic-wavelet packet-neural network (GWPNN) model is developed in this study. GWPNN includes three layers which are genetic algorithm, wavelet packet and multi-layer perception. The genetic algorithm layer of GWPNN is used for selecting the feature extraction method and obtaining the optimum wavelet entropy parameter values. In this study, one of the four different feature extraction methods is selected by using genetic algorithm. Alternative feature extraction methods are wavelet packet decomposition, wavelet packet decomposition – short-time Fourier transform, wavelet packet decomposition – Born–Jordan time–frequency representation, wavelet packet decomposition – Choi–Williams time–frequency representation. The wavelet packet layer is used for optimum feature extraction in the time–frequency domain and is composed of wavelet packet decomposition and wavelet packet entropies. The multi-layer perceptron of GWPNN, which is a feed-forward neural network, is used for evaluating the fitness function of the genetic algorithm and for classification speakers. The performance of the developed system has been evaluated by using noisy English speech/voice signals. The test results showed that this system was effective in detecting real speech signals. The correct classification rate was about 85% for speaker classification.     

基于模糊准则的小波特征选择在人脸识别中的应用

提出一种基于模糊准则的小波特征选择方法来实现人脸识别．首先，利用模糊准则得到最优小波包分解；其次，亦利用模糊准则对最优小波包分解中特征（小波系数）的分类能力进行评价并排序；再次，选择鉴别能力强的特征并将它们输入到EFM模型以实现降维，并使用基于最小二乘误差的线性鉴别函数实现分类．人脸识别实验结果表明基于模糊准则的小波特征选择方法的识别率要高于主元分析（PCA）算法．     

A novel selection of optimal statistical features in the DWPT domain for discrimination of ictal and seizure-free electroencephalography signals

Properly determining the discriminative features which characterize the inherent behaviors of electroencephalography (EEG) signals remains a great challenge for epileptic seizure detection. In this present study, a novel feature selection scheme based on the discrete wavelet packet decomposition and cuckoo search algorithm (CSA) was proposed. The normal as well as epileptic EEG recordings were first decomposed into various frequency bands by means of wavelet packet decomposition, and subsequently, statistical features at all developed nodes in the wavelet packet decomposition tree were derived. Instead of using the complete set of the extracted features to construct a wavelet neural networks-based classifier, an optimal feature subset that maximizes the predictive competence of the classifier was selected by using the CSA. Experimental results on the publicly available benchmarks demonstrated that the proposed feature subset selection scheme achieved promising recognition accuracies of 98.43–100%, and the results were statistically significant using z-test with p value <0.0001.     

基于快速小波包直方图技术的图像检索算法

提出了一种基于快速小波包直方图技术的图像检索新算法。此方法主要有图像的小波包分解,最主要能量频带的选择和小波包直方图的抽取及相似性度量三个步骤。首先,用一族正交小波基分解一幅图像并用小波包系数计算各个频带的能量;其次,选择几个最主要能量频带进行阈值化和非线性滤波;最后,抽取小波包直方图作为特征表示并应用直方图相交距离从图像数据库中检索被查询图像。由于该方法在特征抽取中应用较小的特征空间,因此需要较小的计算复杂性。实验结果表明,这些技术在图像检索中可以获得更好的性能。     

Wavelet entropy and neural network for text-independent speaker identification

In the present study, the techniques of wavelet transform (WT) and neural network were developed for speech based text-independent speaker identification. The first five formants in conjunction with the Shannon entropy of wavelet packet (WP) upon level four features extraction method was developed. Thirty-five features were fed to feed-forward backpropagation neural networks (FFPBNN) for classification. The functions of features extraction and classification are performed using the wavelet packet and formants neural networks (WPFNN) expert system. The declared results show that the proposed method can make an effectual analysis with average identification rates reaching 91.09. Two published methods were investigated for comparison. The best recognition rate selection obtained was for WPFNN. Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) was studied to improve the system robustness against the noise of −2 dB.     

基于小波变换和倒谱分析的腭裂高鼻音等级自动识别

为实现对腭裂高鼻音等级的自动识别,通过对语音信号小波处理和特征提取方法的综合研究,提出基于小波分解系数倒谱特征的腭裂高鼻音等级自动识别算法。目前,研究人员对腭裂语音的研究多基于MFCC、Teager能量、香农能量等特征,识别正确率偏低,且计算量过大。文中对4种等级腭裂高鼻音的1789个元音\a\语音数据提取小波分解系数倒谱特征参数,使用KNN分类器对4种不同等级的高鼻音进行自动识别,将识别结果与MFCC、LPCC、基音周期、共振峰和短时能量共5种经典声学特征的识别结果作比较,同时使用SVM分类器对不同等级的腭裂高鼻音进行自动识别,并与KNN分类器进行对比。实验结果表明,基于小波分解系数倒谱特征的识别结果优于经典声学特征,且KNN分类器的识别结果优于SVM分类器。小波分解系数倒谱特征在KNN中的识别率最高达到91.67%,在SVM中达到87.60%,经典声学特征在KNN分类器中的识别率为21.69%~84.54%,在SVM中的识别率为30.61%~78.24%。     

Log-polar wavelet energy signatures for rotation and scale invariant texture classification

Classification of texture images is important in image analysis and classification. This paper proposes an effective scheme for rotation and scale invariant texture classification using log-polar wavelet signatures. The rotation and scale invariant feature extraction for a given image involves applying a log-polar transform to eliminate the rotation and scale effects, but at same time produce a row shifted log-polar image, which is then passed to an adaptive row shift invariant wavelet packet transform to eliminate the row shift effects. So, the output wavelet coefficients are rotation and scale invariant. The adaptive row shift invariant wavelet packet transform is quite efficient with only O(n /spl middot/ log n) complexity. A feature vector of the most dominant log-polar wavelet energy signatures extracted from each subband of wavelet coefficients is constructed for rotation and scale invariant texture classification. In the experiments, we employed a Mahalanobis classifier to classify a set of 25 distinct natural textures selected from the Brodatz album. The experimental results, based on different testing data sets for images with different orientations and scales, show that the proposed classification scheme using log-polar wavelet signatures outperforms two other texture classification methods, its overall accuracy rate for joint rotation and scale invariance being 90.8 percent, demonstrating that the extracted energy signatures are effective rotation and scale invariant features. Concerning its robustness to noise, the classification scheme also performs better than the other methods.     

Applying wavelets transform,rough set theory and support vector machine for copper clad laminate defects classification

In this paper, we present a multi-resolution approach for the inspection of local defects embedded in homogeneous copper clad laminate (CCL) surfaces. The proposed method does not just rely on the extraction of local textural features in a spatial basis. It is based mainly on reconstructed images using the wavelet transform and inverse wavelet transform on the smooth subimage and detail subimages by properly selecting the adequate wavelet bases as well as the number of decomposition levels. The restored image will remove regular, repetitive texture patterns and enhance only local anomalies. Based on these local anomalies, feature extraction methods can then be used to discriminate between the defective regions and homogeneous regions in the restored image. Rough set feature selection algorithms are employed to select the feature. Rough set theory can deal with vagueness and uncertainties in image analysis, and can efficiently reduce the dimensionality of the feature space. Real samples with four classes of defects have been classified using the novel multi-classifier, namely, support vector machine. Effects of different sampling approach, kernel functions, and parameter settings used for SVM classification are thoroughly evaluated and discussed. The experimental results were also compared with the error back-propagation neural network classifier to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method.     

Precise wavelet for current signature in 3 IM

Induction motors, which are used worldwide as the “workhorse” in industrial applications, are intermittently subjected to faults, mainly the stator faults. In this paper, fault diagnostics of induction motor using current signature analysis, with wavelet transform, is treated as a pattern classification problem. The major steps in pattern classification are feature extraction, feature selection and classification. The feature extraction is done by wavelet transforms, using different wavelets which allow the use of long time intervals where there is precise low-frequency information, and shorter regions where there is precise high-frequency information. The extracted features are classified using the new generation pattern classification technique of Support Vector Machine (SVM) identification. Then the relative capability of the different wavelets, in performing the stator winding fault identification is analyzed and the best wavelet is selected.     

The application of mutual information-based feature selection and fuzzy LS-SVM-based classifier in motion classification

This paper presents an effective mutual information-based feature selection approach for EMG-based motion classification task. The wavelet packet transform (WPT) is exploited to decompose the four-class motion EMG signals to the successive and non-overlapped sub-bands. The energy characteristic of each sub-band is adopted to construct the initial full feature set. For reducing the computation complexity, mutual information (MI) theory is utilized to get the reduction feature set without compromising classification accuracy. Compared with the extensively used feature reduction methods such as principal component analysis (PCA), sequential forward selection (SFS) and backward elimination (BE) etc., the comparison experiments demonstrate its superiority in terms of time-consuming and classification accuracy. The proposed strategy of feature extraction and reduction is a kind of filter-based algorithms which is independent of the classifier design. Considering the classification performance will vary with the different classifiers, we make the comparison between the fuzzy least squares support vector machines (LS-SVMs) and the conventional widely used neural network classifier. In the further study, our experiments prove that the combination of MI-based feature selection and SVM techniques outperforms other commonly used combination, for example, the PCA and NN. The experiment results show that the diverse motions can be identified with high accuracy by the combination of MI-based feature selection and SVM techniques.

Compared with the combination of PCA-based feature selection and the classical Neural Network classifier, superior performance of the proposed classification scheme illustrates the potential of the SVM techniques combined with WPT and MI in EMG motion classification.     

基于眼动辅助脑电信号的手部动作分类方法

提出一种利用小波包变换和支持向量机对手部动作的运动想象脑电信号进行分类的方法。在相关眼动辅助情况下采集想象手部动作时的C3、C4 、P3和P4通道脑电信号,用小波包变换的方法提取4种特征节律波,分别计算每种节律波能量占4种节律波能量之和的比值作为特征,然后将16维特征向量输入支持向量机分类器进行手部动作分类。对上翻、下翻、展拳、握拳4种手部动作的分类实验中平均识别率为82。3%,表明眼动辅助能有效提高运动想象脑电信号可分性。     

Classification of emotions induced by music videos and correlation with participants’ rating

Emotional experience and preference play a vital role in selection of multimedia content for an individual. Brain electrical activity bears the emotional cues needed for emotion detection, but very modest research has been done to extract those cues. This paper presents a novel machine learning approach using Dual-Tree Complex Wavelet Packet Transform (DT-CWPT) time–frequency features from electroencephalogram (EEG) to detect emotions together with an analysis of brain activity in different emotional states. Firstly, DT-CWPT is used to extract time–frequency emotional features. Then non-redundant and most discriminating emotional features are selected through singular value decomposition (SVD), QR factorization with column pivoting (QRcp) and F-Ratio based feature selection (FS) method. The reduced emotional feature set is used to classify emotion using support vector machine (SVM) and validated by leave-one-out cross-validation scheme. Results confirm the robustness and consistency in classification of emotions from EEG signals and significant correlation between participants’ self assessed ratings with emotional features. It also gives an analysis of activities in brain region during different emotional states.     

Computer-assisted pit-pattern classification in different wavelet domains for supporting dignity assessment of colonic polyps

In this paper, we show that zoom-endoscopy images can be well classified according to the pit-pattern classification scheme by using texture-analysis methods in different wavelet domains. We base our approach on three different variants of the wavelet transform and propose that the color channels of the RGB and LAB color model are an important source for computing image features with high discriminative power. Color-channel information is incorporated by either using simple feature vector concatenation and cross-cooccurrence matrices in the wavelet domain. Our experimental results based on k-nearest neighbor classification and forward feature selection exemplify the advantages of the different wavelet transforms and show that color-image analysis is superior to grayscale-image analysis regarding our medical image classification problem.     

PCA特征抽取与SVM多类分类在传感器故障诊断中的应用

为了提高传感器故障诊断的准确率,提出了基于主元分析(PCA)特征抽取和支持向量机(SVM)多类分类的故障诊断方法.该方法通过对传感器输出信号进行小波包分解产生原始特征数据,然后采用PCA特征抽取得到二次特征向量,增强传感器各个状态模式的可分性.二次特征输入到二叉树SVM多类分类算法设计的分类器实现传感器故障诊断.仿真实验结果表明,这种结合了PCA特征抽取和SVM分类的诊断方法准确率高,其诊断效果优于直接采用原始特征进行分类的情况.     

Subband effect of the wavelet fuzzy C-means features in texture classification

The wavelet transform is an important analysis used in the field of texture classification. It decomposes an image into subbands. Some of the subbands contain more significant coefficients than others. Based on this property, we propose a texture analysis and classification approach using a combination of the fuzzy C-means clustering method (FCM) and the wavelet transform. By taking the energy coefficients of two pairs of frequency channels resulting from 2D wavelet transform, and grouping the data into a specific number of clusters, we were able to build a feature list for each texture. The feature list is obtained by applying the FCM on each frequency channel pair. The centers obtained are used as the features for every combination of frequency channel pair; the partition matrix generated from the FCM is used as a method for determining the k-nearest neighbors of an unknown texture. The subband effect of the wavelet FCM features is studied by varying the number of decomposition levels of the wavelet tree. Optimal number of features was obtained by varying the number of clusters and the k-nearest neighbors of the FCM. Experiments show that this method outperformed other methods (linear regression model, Gabor transform).     

基于小波包分析的催化剂表面图象识别

二维图象可以通过小波分解来进行信号的多分辨率分析．本文讨论了小波包分析技术及其在催化剂表面ＳＥＭ图象识别上的应用．从小波包中抽取的能量和纹理熵特征，在催化剂的分类与识别研究中，充分描述了表面图象在多标度空间上的信息分布．实验结果表明，小波包分解树是一种很好的模式特征描述，为图象纹理识别提供了新的手段