Analytical study of maximal tapping torque during forming screw process

Forming screws lead to a bolted assembly forming the threads of the work-piece by displacing material. The automotive industry is one of the largest markets for forming screws, which have been developed in the last ten years. One of the problems facing the designer of bolted assemblies using forming screws is the knowledge of the forming torque during the process.This study proposes an analytical model based on a previous study concerning radial penetration of a rigid acute wedge into a perfectly plastic material. The method uses the slip-line method with a model taking into account the interaction between two consecutive formed threads and enables the mean pressure on the thread flank to be obtained as a function of the formed thread height. From these results and a knowledge of the forming screw end geometry, an analytical method is proposed for the maximum forming torque, the physical phenomena of the displacement of material in the tapping process is illustrated and the significantly influential parameters highlighted. An experimental study seeks to determine the optimal lead hole on the work piece for an M8 screw. This sets limits on the forming torque and conserves a sufficiently well formed thread shape for good stripping resistance. The experimental results are compared favorably with the results of the analytical study in order to validate the forming screw model.     

FE simulation and process analysis on forming of aluminum alloy multi-layer cylinder parts with flow control forming

The aluminum alloy parts used in airbag of car were studied with flow control forming(FCF) method,which was a good way to low forming force and better mechanical properties. The key technology of FCF was the design of control chamber to divide metal flow. So, the design method of FCF was analyzed and two type of control chamber were put forward. According to divisional principle, calculation model of forming force and approximate formula were given. Then forming process of aluminum alloy multi-layer cylinder parts was simulated. The effect of friction factor, die radius and punch velocity on metal flow and forming force was obtained. Finally, the experiment was preformed under the direction of theory and finite element(FE) simulation results. And the qualified parts were manufactured. The simulation data and experimental results show that the forming sequence of inner wall and outer wall, and then the force step, can be controlled by adjusting the process parameters. And the FCF technology proposed has very important application value in precision forging.     

英制外螺纹滚压成形螺坯直径计算公式的应用

提出了在英制外螺纹滚压成形中,两个公制普通外螺纹滚压成形的螺坯直径计算经验公式,经对比计算分析及实际工作应用检验,同样适用于英制外螺纹滚压成形的螺坯直径计算.     

Smart structures assembly through incremental forming

Smart structures are becoming more and more important in the transport and building sectors. Today, the components of the structures are generally produced separately and assembled in additional processes afterwards. An alternative approach, which combines the forming of metallic parts and the assembly of the structures in one process step, is proposed in this paper. Incremental forming processes are applied for this operation. Significant joining mechanisms will be analyzed and some applications of this combined forming and assembly process are shown.     

Electromagnetic incremental forming (EMIF): A novel aluminum alloy sheet and tube forming technology

Large parts cannot be shaped by conventional electromagnetic forming method due to the limitation of the strength of working coil and the capacity of capacitor bank. In this paper, based on the principle of single point incremental forming, a new method named electromagnetic incremental forming (EMIF) has been proposed. The method makes use of a small coil and small discharge energy to cause workpiece local deformation in a high speed. Finally, all local deformations accumulate into large parts. For the electromagnetic incremental sheet forming, the effect factors of processing parameters namely discharge voltage, vent hole, discharging times in a fixed position and the number of discharge region, on final sheet shape are investigated by using AA3003 aluminum alloy parts. In addition, two different simulation strategies are proposed to predict electromagnetic incremental sheet and tube forming process. For method 1: the technology like “birth–death element” is used to indirectly describe the movement of the coil and the morphing technology is used to make the air change with the workpiece deformation. For method 2: the coil can directly move to a special position and the remesh technology is used to consider the effect of the workpiece deformation and the movement of coil on magnetic analysis. It is found that method 1 cannot be used for electromagnetic incremental sheet forming process if overlap region exists in two adjacent discharge regions. However, method 1 can successfully predict electromagnetic incremental tube forming. And method 2 can be used for electromagnetic incremental sheet or tube forming. Both of the experimental and simulation results demonstrate that this new technology is feasible to produce large part.     

原始间隙对热熔自攻丝接头质量的影响

由于车身制造装配等存在误差,两板件贴合会出现原始间隙。为研究原始间隙给热熔自攻丝带来的影响,以厚度为2.0 mm的6K21和厚度为3.0 mm的6082-T6铝合金板为对象,研究工艺参数与板间间隙之间的关系,以及如何调整工艺参数来减小原始间隙带来的影响,并通过接头的力学性能进行验证。以板间间隙与最大试验力为研究指标,运用控制变量法、origin拟合得出以下结论:轴向下压力、拧紧扭矩在一定范围内与板间间隙呈线性负相关;原始间隙会降低接头的连接质量,通过增加10%～20%的轴向下压力或者20%左右的拧紧扭矩可减弱原始间隙带来的影响,提高连接质量。     

滚压参数对螺纹成形影响的实验研究

冷滚压法是加工优质高精螺纹件的一种先进方法,在实际生产加工时通过在数控系统中设置滚丝机的主轴转速、滚丝轮进给速度和精整时间进行加工。本文通过对主轴转速、滚丝轮进给速度和精整时间三因素进行正交实验,分析这三个参数对螺纹外径和加工过程中螺纹温升的影响,得出各因素对这两个指标的影响次序,综合分析外径和温升获得较优滚压参数,为实际生产时合理设置滚压参数提供实验依据。     

数控渐进正/反向复合成形中成形顺序对成形质量的影响

对于数控渐进成形中装夹面上下两侧都具有形体特征的复杂钣金件,仅利用单一的数控渐进反向成形或正向成形无法完成其成形。针对此问题,提出了一种基于正向成形与反向成形相结合的数控渐进复合成形方法,并给出了3种复合成形策略即正向成形与反向成形的3种成形顺序:反向-正向成形、正向-反向成形、正向/反向并行成形。同时利用数值模拟和实际成形实验对比分析了上述3种成形顺序对成形质量的影响。研究结果表明,采用正向-反向成形和正向/反向并行成形的成形效果优于反向-正向成形;在3种复合成形方式中,采用正向-反向成形的成形质量与成形效率最高。     

LG351井油管粘扣原因分析及预防

对LG351井油管下井全过程进行了调查研究.通过调查研究和实际应用认为,油管引扣不到位,则容易发生粘扣和错扣;上扣控制方法不当,上扣扭矩过大,则容易发生粘扣.要保证油管下井质量,应严格执行油管使用及维护作业规程,在螺纹接头保护、清洗、检查、修理、螺纹脂、对扣、引扣、上扣速度、上扣扭矩、上扣控制方法等方面严格把关.     

TA18钛合金导管的内径滚压连接工艺

针对TA18钛合金导管开展了内径滚压连接工艺研究,研制了基于扭矩控制的滚压连接专用设备,实现了难变形钛合金导管的内径滚压连接成形;同时掌握了成形扭矩与连接件管端伸出量和连接件内径的关系,指出管端伸出量和连接件内径与成形扭矩呈线性递增关系,确定了最佳成形扭矩;采用痕迹法作为连接组件配合面密接度的检测试验方法,检测结果表明,管套与堵头之间的密封面沿圆周无间断,密接度达到100%。所研制的钛合金导管内径滚压连接件通过了配合面密接度检测和28 MPa液压系统性能验证,达到了28 MPa液压系统的性能要求。     

金属薄板直壁件数字化渐进成形过程的实验研究

金属薄板直壁件的成形是数字化渐进成形技术中的热点和难点之一。本文基于数字化渐进成形的基本原理提出了一种加工金属直壁件的方法,在实验中研究金属薄板直壁件的成形过程,了解直壁成形机理和控制成形过程的工艺措施。     

有模单点渐进成形工艺参数对1060铝合金成形性能的影响

为了研究各工艺参数对有模单点渐进成形直壁筒形件成形性能的影响,采用正交实验法,对层间距、工具头半径、进给速度和成形道次4个工艺参数进行优化设计,对板料变形区厚度进行仿真研究,并通过极差分析,得出各工艺参数对成形后板料最小厚度的影响。研究结果表明:各工艺参数中,成形道次数对板料成形最小厚度影响最大,工具头半径影响最小;对1 mm厚的1060铝合金板进行优化后,最小成形厚度为0.389 mm,比2道次成形后的最小厚度0.242 mm提高了60%。因此,在有模单点渐进成形直壁筒形件过程中,成形时间允许时,可适当增加成形道次,提高成形质量。     

基于3D打印的数控渐进反向成形组合式支撑

为克服传统的整体式支撑不能重复使用,并且基于数控铣削方式或3D打印方式的整体式支撑制作时间长、材料浪费多的问题,提出一种基于3D打印的数控渐进反向成形组合式支撑制作方法。该组合式支撑对于不同形状板材件的成形只需要更换凹模曲面板而其他部件不需要更换,通过增减支撑壁叠块来调整支撑的高度,以适应不同成形深度的板材件。给出了组合式支撑的结构及工作原理并制作出实际支撑。基于组合式支撑的成形实验结果表明,该组合式支撑具有可应用性。     

塑性成形工艺参数稳健优化设计方法

文章给出了一种适用于以尺寸和形状精度为控制对象的塑性成形工艺参数稳健优化设计方法。该方法针对塑性成形的尺寸和形状误差控制要求,根据稳健优化设计思想,以满意度或综合质量损失为目标,将成形工艺参数(包括变形参数和模具结构参数)作为可控因素,将材料的屈服强度、弹性模量以及摩擦系数等影响变形过程和制品质量的参数作为噪声因素,利用设计变量与综合质量损失之间的关系和实验数据,并通过回归分析方法,构建稳健优化问题的目标函数,从而将多目标优化问题简化为单目标优化问题。该方法在机械扩径工艺参数设计方面的应用结果表明,其优化效果好于非稳健优化设计方法。     

薄板件多点成形与模具成形时起皱现象的对比分析

起皱是传统冲压成形和多点成形时共有的现象,尤其在无压边成形方式下很容易发生。文章采用有限元数值模拟手段,针对两种多点成形工艺和整体模具成形过程中产生的起皱现象进行了探讨,分析了无压边成形过程中不同的成形工艺对球形件起皱的影响。文章用显式动力学算法进行了数值模拟,结果表明,采用多点模具成形工艺成形1mm厚度的板料时,曲率半径为200mm的成形件起皱明显;但在相同条件下,用多点压机成形工艺的成形件结果良好,甚至成形厚度为0.5mm,曲率半径为150mm的球形件也没有起皱;而在这两种条件下,整体模具成形都有微小的起皱发生。也就是说,多点压机成形方式比多点模具成形方式以及整体模具成形方式效果更好,缺陷少,能够得到更大的变形量。     

板料零件数控渐进成形工艺研究

板料零件数控渐进成形工艺是一种通过数字控制设备 ,采用预先编制好的控制程序逐点成形板料零件的柔性加工工艺。本文就板料零件数控渐进成形工艺的成形过程、变形机理、极限半顶角等方面进行了探讨。认为 ,板料零件数控渐进成形是使板料的厚度减薄 ,表面积增大 ,靠逐次的变形累积产生整体的变形。变形区厚度的变化与成形半顶角有关 ,其中 ,成形极限半顶角是数控渐进成形能否成功的关键 ,它不仅与材料有关 ,而且与板料厚度有关。     

Joining by forming of piezoceramic macro-fiber arrays within micro-structured surfaces of aluminum sheets

Functional integration of smart materials in sheet metal enables lightweight composite parts which are enhanced by new functionalities. Locally integrated piezoceramic/metal composites consist of a prefabricated array of ten parallel piezoceramic macro-fibers with dimensions of 0.277 mm by 0.232 mm by 10 mm which are joined in micro-formed cavities within the surface of an aluminum sheet metal. By the use of joining by forming, the interference–fit, preload and form–fit of macro-fiber arrays are achieved in a single process step. The paper describes investigations of the joining by forming process in formal planned experiments using the design of experiments method. The influence of the dimensions and preparation of the joining partners, the maximum forming force and the velocity of the forming stamp are varied. The interference–fit and preload depend on the maximum forming force. In contrast, the quality of the form–fit is primarily related to the geometric dimensions and the forming force. Fiber fractures and incipient cracks are the major failure mechanisms during joining by forming of the macro-fibers. The number of cracks is significantly reduced by the use of lower die velocities, lower maximum joining forces and the introduction of additional geometric elements in the microstructure of the metal surface. Concluding, constraints with regard to the design of parts and the process are derived from the experiments.     

高强度内六角螺钉挤压成型工艺与模具设计

分析了内六角螺钉的结构特点和挤压成型工艺,制定了挤压成型工艺方案,选用了相应的挤压成型设备,设计了2副挤压模。试制结果表明,制定的挤压成型工艺方案可行,工艺参数选用准确,模具结构设计合理,挤压件性能优良。     

Investigation of a new incremental counter forming in flexible roll forming to manufacture accurate profiles with variable cross-sections

A roll-formed profile with variable cross-sections fabricated by flexible roll forming has a shape error, such as warping, because of geometrical deviations in transitional zones of the profile between the initial metal strip and the roll-formed profile. To reduce the shape error, a new process called incremental counter forming (ICF) is proposed. Our investigation of the ICF process shows that the longitudinal strain distribution at the flange of the roll-formed profile can be controlled by combinations of forming parameters of the ICF process. As the forming parameters increase the longitudinal strain distribution in the concave zone, the shape error decreases. However, when the longitudinal strain distribution in the straight zone reaches a critical limit, the additional longitudinal strain works as an excessive longitudinal strain to worsen the shape error. An analytical model, which describes the longitudinal strain at the flange during roll forming, is adopted to reveal that the increase of the longitudinal strain is induced by increasing derivatives of a bending angle, which is controlled by the forming parameters of the ICF process. Finally, the FE simulation has been carried out to compare with the experimental results, which show that the ICF process is effective for reducing the shape error of the profile with variable cross-sections in flexible roll forming.     

薄壁半球形曲面零件爆炸成形工艺研究

对薄壁半球形件的特种成形工艺进行了研究,介绍了爆炸成形的基本原理、壳体结构设计原则及腾工艺参数。结果表明：采用无模爆炸成形技术是加工此类零件有效方法,民形效果好,尺寸精度高、加工过程简便等特点,为类似球面体零件加工开辟了一条简便有效的新途径。