共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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H. L. Jaber S. P. H. Marashi M. Alizadeh-Sh R. K. Salim F. A. Hashim 《Science & Technology of Welding & Joining》2014,19(7):565-571
Phase transformations in dissimilar resistance spot welds of dual phase steel and ferritic stainless steel are analysed. In contrast to a full martensitic microstructure predicted by the Schaeffler and Balmforth diagrams, a ferrite–martensite microstructure was observed in the fusion zone. The formation of ferrite phase in the fusion zone can be attributed to the rapid cooling rate of resistance spot welding, which suppresses the post-solidification ferrite–austenite transformation. The grain growth and martensite formation were main metallurgical features of the heat affected zone of ferritic stainless steel side. Microstructure gradient of heat affected zone in dual phase steel side was dictated by martensitic transformation. The effect of weld thermal cycle on the mechanical performance of the joint is discussed. 相似文献
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Magneto-acoustic emission (MAE) and magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) sensing techniques were developed and employed to characterise plastically deformed and heat-treated AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel samples. These results have been compared to the mechanical hardness, coercivity and residual stress of the samples. MAE and MBN were shown to decrease with increasing permanent material deformation. It was found that the inverse of MAE (absolute energy) and MBN (RMS) are linearly proportional to hardness. With increased deformation, the resultant change in dislocation density was found to effect material coercivity. It has been shown that the inverse of MAE absolute energy and MBN have an exponential relationship to the change in material coercivity. The results are explained in terms of the different mechanisms that effect dislocation-domain wall interactions. A new measurement parameter has been developed for microstructural characterisation called MAE absolute energy and has proved to be a useful quantitative method in MAE waveform measurement. 相似文献
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Logistic regression analysis for experimental determination of forming limit diagrams 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
The forming limit diagram (FLD) is probably the most common representation of sheet metal formability and can be defined as the locus of the principal planar strains where failure is most likely to occur. Experimental determination of the FLD consists in performing a set of formability tests on a sheet metal blank, where a regular grid has been previously etched. After each test, the deformation of the grid is measured and the relative strains computed. Strains observed closely at the fracture location are related to as ‘failed’ points, while strains observed on the sound areas of the specimens are labelled as ‘safe’ points. Starting from a set of experimental tests, the FLD should be empirically determined through a statistical analysis of collected data. In fact, statistical approaches (such as linear regression) are required to properly account for the internal randomness of failure occurrence. Linear regression, as well as most of the other empirical approaches in the scientific literature, takes into account only information related to the safe points.This paper proposes a different approach, the logistic regression, for the empirical determination of FLDs. Logistic regression allows to directly derive the probability of an event (e.g. the failure) as a function of different predictor variables (both the principal planar strains). Therefore, by using logistic regression, the process designer can directly associate the failure probability to the scrapping costs, in order to economically evaluate a new sheet metal forming operation.Logistic regression allows the determination of the FLD by including information concerning both safe and failed points. 相似文献
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Influence of filler wire composition on weld microstructures of a 444 ferritic stainless steel grade
V. Villaret F. Deschaux-Beaume C. Bordreuil S. Rouquette C. Chovet 《Journal of Materials Processing Technology》2013,213(9):1538-1547
Seven compositions of metal cored filler wires for gas metal arc welding (GMAW), containing the same weight percent of chromium (Cr) and molybdenum (Mo) as 444 steel, but with different titanium (Ti) and niobium (Nb) contents were investigated. Experimental results pointed out that the filler wire Ti content required to be twice time more than the amount expected in the deposited metal. This was due to the low Ti transfer ratio during arc welding. Moreover, Ti increased the wetting angle and promoted penetration. It was supposed that Ti affected the weld pool surface tension what led to inward Marangoni convection.Columnar to equiaxed grain transition (CET) was also promoted thanks to the precipitation in the weld pool of Ti rich refractory compounds which act as heterogeneous nucleation sites for equiaxed grains. A minimum 0.3% Ti was required in the filler wire to form a completely equiaxed grain structure in the fusion zone. Niobium in the filler wire did not seem to have any effect on penetration, wetting and grain structure of the fusion zone. 相似文献
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A theoretical and experimental study on forming limit diagram for a seamed tube hydroforming 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Xianfeng Chen Zhongqi Yu Bo Hou Shuhui Li Zhongqin Lin 《Journal of Materials Processing Technology》2011,211(12):2012-2021
The purpose of this work is to establish the forming limit diagram (FLD) for a seamed tube hydroforming. A new theoretical model is developed to predict the FLD for a seamed tube hydroforming. Based on this theoretical model, the FLD for a seamed tube made of QSTE340 sheet metal is calculated by using the Hosford yield criterion. Some forming limit experiments are performed. A classical free hydroforming tool set is used for obtaining the left hand side forming limit strains, and a novel hydroforming tool set is designed for the right hand side of FLD. The novel device required the simultaneous application of lateral compression force and internal pressure to control the material flow under tension–tension strain states. Furthermore, the suitable loading paths for the left hand side of FLD by theoretical formulas and for the right hand side of FLD by finite element (FE) simulations are calculated. Finally, a comparison between the theoretical results and experimental data is performed. The theoretical predicting results show good agreement with the experimental results. 相似文献
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In order to achieve excellent heat resistance and corrosion resistance, high melting-point and rare earth elements were added to ferritic stainless steel. The effect of W and Ce addition in ferritic stainless steel on the corrosion resistance in 0.1?M NaOH solution was studied. Potentiodynamic polarisation curves indicated that W- and Ce-containing samples had lower corrosion rate and lower passive current density. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements revealed that W–Ce-containing samples had higher polarisation resistance values and thicker passive films. Capacitance analysis indicated that the semiconducting behaviour and the properties of passive film remain unchanged. The addition of W and Ce led to a decrease in donor and acceptor density, which improved the passive film stability. 相似文献
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研究了不同Ce含量对铸造Cr30Mo2超级铁素体不锈钢组织与力学性能影响。结果表明,Cr30Mo2超级铁素体不锈钢中夹杂类型主要为富Cr氧化物和Al-Si复合氧化物,且形状不规则,加入Ce后转变为Ce2O3和心部富Al、Si,外层富Al、Ce的圆球状复合夹杂,尺寸较小,形状圆润,夹杂含量显著降低;Ce2O3可以作为异质形核核心,增加铸件形核率,减小晶粒尺寸,但Ce含量过高,晶粒尺寸反常增大;Ce可显著改善Cr30Mo2超级铁素体不锈钢的室温塑性,添加0.07%Ce能将Cr30Mo2超级铁素体不锈钢铸件的断后延伸率由1.5%提高至20%左右。 相似文献
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Chi Zhang Zhenyu LiuYang Xu Guodong Wang 《Journal of Materials Processing Technology》2012,212(11):2183-2192
During hot rolling of ferritic stainless steels (FSSs), sticking can cause severe surface defects both on work rolls and strips especially for ultra purified FSSs with the total amount of carbon and nitrogen being less than 150 ppm. In the present paper, high temperature oxidization behavior of the ultra purified FSSs was characterized. A new experimental method was invented to simulate the sticking behavior of ultra purified 21%Cr FSS, by which specially designed specimens were hot compressed with different processing parameters to simulate hot strip rolling process. The specimens were surface conditioned prior to the simulation test, either by mechanically polishing or by pre-oxidization to form oxide scales with certain thickness. Observation on the cross-section of sticky regions indicated that cracks had been formed by cyclic heating and cooling during hot deformation had been acting as nucleation sites for sticking particles. The results indicated that oxide scale could avoid the direct contact between roll surfaces and rolled materials to help reducing the sticking occurrence. The temperature region for easy sticking occurrence in the ultra purified 21%Cr FSS has been measured to be from 900 to 1100 °C, which is enlarged as compared to other plain FSSs. The tendency for sticking occurrence decreased with increasing strain rate and decreasing the hammer or work roll surface roughness. 相似文献
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This paper is concerned with the uniaxial tensile properties and formability of steel sheets in relation to the strain rate effect. The elongation at fracture for CQ increases at a high strain rate while the elongation at fracture for DP590 decreases slightly in relation to the corresponding value for a quasi-static strain rate. The uniform elongation and the strain hardening coefficient decrease gradually when the strain rate increases. The r-value of CQ and DP590 was measured with a high-speed camera in relation to the strain rate. The r-value is slightly sensitive to the strain rate. Static forming limit curves (FLCs) and high-speed FLCs were constructed with the aid of punch-stretch tests with arc-shaped and square-shaped specimens. In addition, a high-speed crash testing machine with a specially designed high-speed forming jig was used for the high-speed punch-stretch tests. Compared with the static FLC, the high-speed FLC of CQ is higher in a simple tension region and lower in a biaxial stretch forming region. The high-speed FLC for DP590 decreases in relation to the static FLC throughout the entire region. The elongation at fracture appears to be closely related to the simple tension region of the FLC. The shear fracture is observed from SEM images of specimens tested in the biaxial stretch forming region under the high-speed forming condition. The dimples indicating the shear fracture have elongated horseshoe shape. The high-speed FLC is lower than the static FLC in the biaxial stretch forming region because the shear fracture induces the decrease of ductility. The results confirm that the strain rate has a noticeably influence on the formability of steel sheets. Thus, the forming limit diagram of high-speed tests should be considered in the design of high-speed sheet metal forming processes. 相似文献
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An ultra purified 21%Cr ferritic stainless steel (FSS) was hot rolled at a low finisher entry temperature (FET) of 750 °C to generate shear bands through large shear flow localizations in grain interiors. The effects of shear bands on the formability and surface ridging have been studied as compared to a conventional hot rolled band at the FET of 970 °C with few shear bands. The results showed that as compared to the final sheet produced with the FET of 970 °C, the average r-value for the final sheet with the FET of 750 °C was increased by 25%, and the surface roughness of the final sheet strained by 15% along the rolling direction was decreased by 40%. It has been observed that the existence of shear bands could enhance the nucleation for recrystallization during hot rolling and annealing for microstructure refinement, and modify the texture by intensifying the {1 1 1} textures in the final sheet. The influence of shear bands on sheet formability and resistance against surface ridging was discussed. 相似文献
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《Journal of Materials Processing Technology》2014,214(3):701-709
A series of single track clads and bulk samples were prepared by laser solid forming under atmospheres of air, argon and nitrogen. The forming atmosphere has little effect on the variation of the width and height of a single track clad with scanning velocity, laser power and feeding rate. Under air, the width and height of single track clads are the largest. Under argon, they are slightly larger than those under nitrogen when the laser energy density is high. For bulk samples prepared under air and nitrogen, both sidewalls of the cross-section tilt inward in the lower part; with an increase in the deposition height, the sidewalls tend to be oriented vertically. Under argon, the sidewalls maintain their severe inward tilts from the bottom to top of the bulk sample. Under air, the bulk sample is covered by oxide dross. Fine and dense metal beads are attached to the lower sidewalls under argon, but these beads are coarse and sparse under nitrogen. The effects of the forming atmosphere on the effective energy, effective mass and deformation of the molten pool during laser solid forming were analyzed. The influence of the atmosphere is attributed to the exothermic oxidation reaction under air, the more extensive plasma plume effect under argon and the larger deformation of the molten pool under air and nitrogen. 相似文献
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为研究铈对低铬铁素体不锈钢的静态再结晶行为的影响,冶炼含铈和不含铈的00Cr12不锈钢,在Gleeble-3800型热模拟试验机上采用双道次压缩法,测量不同温度下、不同道次间隔时间试验钢的应力应变曲线,计算再结晶体积分数,评价材料静态再结晶行为;对试验钢在不同温度下退火,侵蚀后进行组织观察。结果表明:铈的添加可抑制试验钢静态再结晶的进行,提高试验钢的再结晶温度,细化晶粒,铈含量0.028wt%时可将00Cr12不锈钢的静态再结晶激活能由103kJ/mol提高到114kJ/mol。铈在晶界的偏聚,对晶界起到拖拽作用,降低了晶界迁移速度,从而抑制了静态再结晶行为。 相似文献
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A numerical code has been developed to calculate Forming Limit Diagrams (FLDs) of textured aluminum alloy sheets. This code is based on the Marciniak-Kuczynski (M-K) model, but allows for void nucleation and growth so that limit strains and fracture strains can be predicted. The strain induced void nucleation model was employed together with the Cocks and Ashby’s void growth model. The influences of initial texture, texture evolution, and void nucleation and growth during deformation on the FLDs of an Al-Mg alloy were all investigated. Satisfactory agreement was obtained between the predictions and measured data, It was also shown that the introduction of void damage into the old M-K model can lead to more reasonable and accurate predictions. 相似文献