双相不锈钢焊接接头的耐腐蚀性能

根据母材临界点蚀温度(CPT)的试验结果,利用小试样的腐蚀实验方法研究了奥氏体-铁素体双相不锈钢焊接接头的耐点蚀性能.结果表明,手工电弧焊工艺过程对双相不锈钢材料的耐点蚀性能具有显著的影响,点蚀优先发生在焊缝金属或焊接热影响区中.双相不锈钢材料的耐点蚀性能与材料本身奥氏体和铁素体相比例有关.腐蚀试样的表面状态(粗糙程度)对母材金属的耐点蚀性能有明显的影响.表面越粗糙,耐点蚀性能越差,临界点蚀温度越低.     

固溶温度与2101节镍双相不锈钢耐蚀性的关系

采用金相显微镜、电化学动电位极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱等方法研究了固溶温度对2101节镍双相不锈钢耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明：随着固溶温度的提高,α相含量增加,γ相含量减少;Cl-作用下最先腐蚀的相为铁素体相,处于α相中未溶解的γ相的尺寸大小对2101节镍双相不锈钢耐蚀性会产生一定的影响,尤其1100 ℃温度下,α相中未溶细小的条状γ相使得耐蚀性严重降低。Cl-作用下最先腐蚀相为α相。固溶温度对α相中未溶解的γ相的大小及α、γ相界面均对其耐蚀性影响较大。     

2205双相不锈钢与304奥氏体不锈钢的焊接

采用焊条电弧焊(SMAW),以E2209作填充材料对2205双相不锈钢与304奥氏体不锈钢异种金属焊接工艺进行研究,通过优化焊接工艺参数,获得了具有良好力学性能和合适双相比例的焊接接头.接头力学性能测试表明,拉伸试样断裂发生在强度相对较低的304母材侧;2205母材侧热影响区的显微硬度值高于焊缝和2205母材,而304...     

Electrolytic pickling of duplex stainless steel

Pickling of duplex stainless steels has proved to be much more difficult than that of standard austenitic grades. Electrolytic pre‐pickling is shown to be a key process towards facilitating the pickling process for material annealed both in the production‐line and in laboratory experiments. The mechanism for the neutral electrolytic process on duplex 2205 and austenitic 316 steels has been examined and the oxide scale found to become thinner as a function of electrolytic pickling time. Spallation or peeling of the oxide induced by gas evolution did not play a decisive role. A maximum of about 20% of the current supplied to the oxidised steel surface goes to dissolution reactions whereas about 80% of the current was consumed in oxygen gas production. This makes the current utilisation very poor, particularly against the background of reports that in indirect electrolytic pickling only about 30% of the total current, supplied to the process, actually goes into the strip. A parametric study was therefore carried out to determine whether adjustment of process variables could improve the current utilisation.     

Characterization of hydrogen charging of 2205 duplex stainless steel and its correlation with hydrogen‐induced cracking

The effect of various experimental conditions (i.e., hydrogen charging current density, charging time, solution concentration, and temperature) on the embrittlement and cracking susceptibility of 2205 duplex stainless steel was studied by electrochemical hydrogen charging and slow strain rate tests. The results showed that the choice of the experimental conditions had obvious effect on the hydrogen concentration in the specimens. A relationship between the embrittlement and hydrogen charging conditions was established by the investigation of the fracture morphology. Under the free‐charging condition, the fracture surfaces were characteristic of dimples, while on the condition of the dynamic hydrogen charging, the hydrogen‐induced fracture showed the appearance of cleavage. Further examination of fracture cracks confirmed that the ferrite phase acts as a preferential path for crack propagation.     

高氮无镍奥氏体不锈钢耐蚀性的研究

以常压下冶炼的高氮无镍奥氏体不锈钢为材料,经1150℃强烈塑性变形,轧制成2 mm厚的板材,将热轧后的板材进行1100℃、保温10 h、水淬的固溶处理。通过酸浸试验、极化曲线测试和盐雾腐蚀试验,并与1Cr18N i9Ti钢的耐蚀性进行比较。结果表明,冶炼高氮无镍奥氏体不锈钢具有优异的耐腐蚀性能。     

Modified EPR‐DL method for detection of the spinodal decomposition of 2205 duplex stainless steel

The presented work deals with the possibility of electrochemical detection of the spinodal decomposition of duplex stainless steel's ferritic phase using the modified electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation double loop (EPR‐DL) method. Specimens of FeCr23Ni6Mo3N (2205) steel exposed to the model low‐temperature annealing at 420 °C for up to 1000 h were used in the experiment. The specimens were evaluated using potentiodynamic curves measurements in chloride solutions and microhardness measurements. Despite hardening the ferritic phase for up to 1 h, a substantial drop of resistance to attack by chlorides was reported only after 1000 h of annealing. The modified EPR‐DL method in 2 M HCl + 0.1 M KSCN solution enables sensitive identification of the spinodal decomposition rate already from early stages.     

Determination of the weaker phase in the pitting corrosion of non‐standard low‐Ni high‐Mn‐N duplex stainless steels

In this paper, the use of Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS) is proposed to determine the partition coefficients of the elements of a new family of duplex stainless steels that are characterized by having low contents of nickel, together with high levels of manganese and nitrogen. From the values of the partition coefficients, the chemical compositions of the constituting phases have been determined, in order subsequently to calculate the value of the Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number (PREN) of each phase. The proposition put forward in this study is that the phase having the lower PREN determines the pitting corrosion behaviour of these types of steels. Results obtained by means of optical and scanning electron microscopy have provided confirmation that the pitting corrosion behaviour of these new materials gets determined by the resistance of the weaker phase and consequently by the phase having the lower PREN value. Lastly it has been proved possible to determine the existence of an exponential relationship between the alloys pitting potential (Ep) and the weaker phase PREN; this can be utilized for the low‐nickel duplex stainless steels design in which the pitting corrosion resistance is controlled.     

2209和2507双相不锈钢堆焊层组织结构及耐蚀性对比

利用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪等,对2209和2507双相不锈钢FCAW堆焊层焊态、退火态的组织结构和耐蚀性进行对比研究。结果表明：两种堆焊层焊态时均主要由铁素体α和魏氏体状奥氏体γ组成,在α晶内及α/γ界面处存在少量细条状的二次奥氏体γ2,在α/γ、α/α界面处还存在极少量的点状σ相;两种堆焊层经690℃×8h退火后,σ相和γ2均明显增多。两种堆焊层焊态的耐蚀性均合格,且2507型堆焊层的耐蚀性优于2209型堆焊层;而两种堆焊层退火态的耐蚀性均急剧下降、严重不合格,这主要是由于退火过程中堆焊层内析出大量σ相和γ2所致。     

新疆油田地面工程的焊工培训与考试

新疆油田工程输送和处理的天然气介质腐蚀性很强，因此管道材料选用2205双相不锈钢耐蚀材料。这种材料在国内如此大规模使用还是首次。又由于输送介质的压力高、危险性大，管线的安全性和可靠性要求很高，加上施工周期短、工作量大等因素，焊接成为工程的关键环节之一。在多家单位的共同努力和全力配合下，圆满的完成了2205材料的焊工培训和考试任务，向这一重点工程输送了高素质的合格焊工。     

双相不锈钢堆焊层应力腐蚀性能评价

为防止换热器等设备发生应力腐蚀,工程上试采用在与腐蚀介质接触的表面堆焊2205双相不锈钢.为探索方案的应用范畴与可行性,对两种焊接工艺(自动焊及焊条电弧焊)、3种工程上常见腐蚀环境(饱和硫化氢、氯化镁、氯化钙),通过恒负荷拉伸试验方法及断口微观分析手段,综合评价其应力腐蚀性能,并根据试验结果建立应力-寿命数学模型.结果表明,饱和H2S环境中恒负荷拉伸门槛值σth自动焊为0.45ReL、焊条电弧焊为0.4ReL,二者相差17％.氯化钙环境中0.9ReL应力下96 h试验后所有试样完好,显示出优良的抗氯化钙应力腐蚀能力.而该材料则不适于在沸腾氯化镁环境下工作.     

时效制度对2205双相不锈钢耐蚀性能的影响

以2205双相不锈钢板为研究对象,研究了时效温度、时效保温时间和冷却速度对不锈钢板动电位极化曲线的影响,观察了固溶和不同时效热处理制度下试样的微观组织形貌,分析了影响双相不锈钢板耐腐蚀性能的主要因素。结果表明,950 ℃时效时具有最好的耐腐蚀性能,而在时效温度为850 ℃时耐腐蚀性能最差;当时效后冷却方式由空冷变成水冷后,不锈钢的耐均匀腐蚀性能和抗点蚀性能都得到了改善。     

Corrosion of aluminium,stainless steels and AISI 680 nickel alloy in nitrogen‐based fuels

Nitrogen‐based compounds can potentially be used as alternative non‐carbon or low‐carbon fuels. Nevertheless, the corrosion of construction materials at high temperatures and pressures in the presence of such fuel has not been reported yet. This work is focused on the corrosion of AISI Al 6061, 1005 carbon steel (CS), 304, 316L, 310 austenitic stainless steels (SS) and 680 nickel alloy in highly concentrated water solution of ammonium nitrate and urea (ANU). The corrosion at 50 °C and ambient pressure and at 350 °C and 20 bar was investigated to simulate storage and working conditions. Sodium chloride was added to the fuel (0–5 wt%) to simulate industrial fertilizers and accelerated corrosion environment. Heavy corrosion of CS was observed in ANU solution at 50 °C, while Al 6061, 304 and 316L SS showed high resistance both to uniform and pitting corrosion in ANU containing 1% of sodium chloride. Addition of 5% sodium chloride caused pitting of Al 6061 but had no influence on the corrosion of SS. Tests in ANU at 350 °C and 20 bar showed pitting on SS 304 and 316L and 680 nickel alloy. The highest corrosion resistance was found for SS 310 due to formation of stable oxide film on its surface.     

Effect of annealing temperature on pitting behavior and microstructure evolution of hyper‐duplex stainless steel 2707

Hyper‐duplex stainless steel (HDSS) 2707 is a competitive material for application in extremely caustic environments. In this study, different annealing temperatures ranging from 1020°C to 1200°C were examined by electrochemical tests and microstructure analysis. The microstructure characterization indicated that precipitations were detected when the annealing temperature was below 1050°C and a relatively balanced austenite–ferrite phase structure was obtained at 1100°C. Through electrochemical measurements in NaBr solution, it was revealed that with the increase of temperature the pitting resistance of HDSS 2707 first rose then declined, peaking at 1100°C. The highest critical pitting temperature was about 67°C. In addition, the pitting position shifted from austenite phase to austenite–ferrite boundary and finally to ferrite interior with the annealing temperature increasing, which was in agreement with the pitting resistance equivalent values (PREN) of the two phases.     

2205双相不锈钢焊接接头微区耐点蚀性能分析

采用光学显微镜观察了2205双相不锈钢焊接接头的组织形貌,采用自制的微电化学测试系统测量了母材、焊缝和HAZ的微区循环伏安曲线.结果表明,2205双相不锈钢焊接接头的组织为铁素体＋奥氏体,焊缝中铁素体含量约为48%,与母材相当,HAZ中铁素体平均含量高于50%;在3.5%的NaCl溶液中2205双相不锈钢焊接接头焊缝微...