Effect of pulse cathodic protection on corrosion mitigation and electrochemical conditions under a simulated coating disbondment on pipeline steel

Coating disbondments on pipeline steels are regions with high resistivity where conventional cathodic protection (CP) could not fully protect. Therefore, in an attempt to mitigate this challenge, this study investigates the effect of pulse CP on corrosion mitigation and electrochemical conditions under a simulated coating disbondment on X-52 pipeline steel. In this regard, conventional and pulse CP of ?870 mV_SCE were applied to the open mouth of a simulated coating disbondment. For pulse CP, frequencies of 1, 5, and 10 kHz were used. Results showed while the conventional CP was not able to fully protect the 20 cm simulated coating disbondment, for the pulse CP with increase in frequency from 1 to 5 kHz, and from 5 to 10 kHz, improve in CP potential protection under the simulated coating disbondment was achieved. This was accompanied by considerably lower corrosion and a more uniform pH distribution under the simulated coating disbondment.     

Stray current-induced corrosion in cathodic protection installations of steel-reinforced concrete structures: FEM study of the critical parameters

A wide range of parameters was investigated by numerical calculations concerning their impact on DC stray current corrosion of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. A simplified model geometry was used to extract the relevant parameters and their interaction in terms of stray current-affected structures. This study mainly focuses on RC structures that are fitted with cathodic protection installations. The findings reveal a complex interaction between the investigated parameters. The possible relevance of further parameters, which is not the subject of this study, was emphasised.     

Laboratory investigation on the condensation and corrosion rates of top of line corrosion in carbon steel: a case study from pipeline transporting wet gas in elevated temperature

A glass cell was designed to simulate the condition for top of line corrosion encountered in wet gas transportation pipelines. Aqueous solution of 3 wt-% NaCl saturated with CO₂ at atmospheric pressure was employed. Effect of temperature gradient in the formation of condensation and its rate was investigated. API 5L Grade X65 carbon steel material was used as the working electrode for the experiment. The condensation rate was measured for the temperature gradient of 20°C, 30°C and 50°C under atmospheric condition for 24?h duration of the experiment. The corrosion rate of the specimens was measured using weight loss and Linear Polarisation Resistance (LPR) techniques. The LPR probe was immersed in the collected condensed water from the experiment to calculate the corrosion rate. The measured corrosion rate from the weight loss technique was in agreement with the corrosion rate measured from LPR. The corrosion rate measurement was repeated with the addition of 1000?ppm of pH modifying agent. This study indicates that the corrosion rate of pipeline and piping when subject to temperature gradient of 50°C and above is very high and alarming.     

Microbiologically influenced corrosion of underground pipelines under the disbonded coatings

The microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of underground pipeline was identified. Corrosion was typically found under the disbonded area of girth welds coating where cathodic protection (CP) current could not penetrate. Sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) and fermentative acid producing bacteria (APB) were confirmed as the microbes involved in the corrosion process. This corrosion occurred despite the fact that the CP level was well below the criteria of -850 mV (Cu/CuS0₄). Detailed field surveys and laboratory analysis revealed the presence of high numbers of microbes at these sites, metallurgical and mineralogical fingerprints of MIC. The results indicate that the synergistic effects of disbonding, the ineffective input of CP current under the disbonded coatings, and environments favorable to bacterial growth were the corrosion mechanism.     

High-temperature corrosion behaviors of typical nickel alloy coatings in a simulated boiler coal ash/gas environment in the Zhundong region

The high-temperature corrosion behaviors of five nickel alloy coatings used in coal-fired boilers in the Zhundong region (Xinjiang province) were investigated in simulated coal ash and coal-combusted flue gas environment at 650°C for 250 and 500 hr. The samples were analyzed by weight gain experiment, X-ray diffraction test, and scanning electron microscopy technique with energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The results indicated that the corrosion level is in the order of NiCrMo13 ≈ Hastelloy C-276 (276) > NiCrBSi > Inconel 718 (718) > 45CT. The compositions of the corrosion scale in five nickel alloy coatings mainly consist of NiO, Ni₃S₂, and Cr₂O₃. The enrichment of Cr in the corrosion scale in 45CT, 718, and NiCrBSi coatings inhibits the formation of oxide and sulfide on the coating surface. The presence of W and Mo in nickel alloy coatings accelerates the formation of corrosion products, thus weakening the corrosion resistance of NiCrMo13 and 276 in simulated coal ash and coal-combusted flue gas environment.     

压水堆核电厂结构材料腐蚀防护设计与老化管理

概述了压水堆核电厂典型的结构材料种类与腐蚀类型,并以此为基础介绍了常见的腐蚀防护设计手段及腐蚀老化管理的理念和方法,对明确压水堆核电厂设备/部件、材料、环境、腐蚀、防护、老化管理间的相互关系具有参考价值,为确保机组的安全与经济运行提供重要保障。     

Effect of Co and W on the corrosion behaviour of 1% Cr steel in flowing synthetic seawater

The aqueous corrosion characteristics of 1% Cr‐steel alloyed with small amounts of Co and W in synthetic seawater was studied by using immersion weight‐loss tests, electrochemical corrosion tests (potentiodynamic tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements) and analytical techniques. 1% Cr steels containing Co or W from 0.2 to 0.4 wt.% showed higher corrosion resistance than the 1% Cr steel in the immersion and potentiodynamic tests. EIS measurements showed that the Nyquist plot presented one time constant. Furthermore, the Co‐ and W‐bearing steels present higher R_p values than the 1% Cr steel through all the test period. The better corrosion resistance of the Co‐and W‐bearing steels is attributed to the protectiveness of the surface layer. The corrosion products were examined using electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results of EPMA indicated that Cr was concentrated in the inner region of the rust layer, while Co and W were distributed all over the rust layer. XPS results showed that Co existed as a trivalent oxide in the rust layer and W in the rust appeared in the form of a WO₄ compound. These compounds act as a factor for corrosion resistance in aqueous solutions.