创造性与技术性相结合的人才培养

建筑设计课程教学中,如何培养学生的创造能力,提出一些理论见解和实践方法,并且倡导教学与工程实践紧密结合的教学方法.     

国外高校建筑创作的价值借鉴

结合国外具有代表性的高校建筑的创作实践,从五方面展开了研究与探讨,从而丰富和发展我国高校建筑的创作,完善高校建筑的功能,对我国高校建筑的创作与发展具有一定借鉴价值。     

The potential for recycling municipal sewage sludge as a substrate for wetland creation

Municipal sewage sludge (MSS) is proposed as a suitable substrate for wetland creation. Sludge disposal is currently limited to terrestrial conditions due to concern for the transmission of pollutants. Wetland structure and wetland biogeochemical cycles were compared with sludge disposal practices to identify strengths and weaknesses in wetland mechanisms for pollution control. Potential pollution from sludge use is proposed to be mitigated both by wetland function and by the substrate construction method. Because MSS requires specific handling techniques to prevent undesired release into the environment, to protect workers and to be practical for construction, designs responsive to the nature of the construction material were necessary. Three designs were developed, evaluated and compared in terms of aesthetics, educational opportunities, environmental safety, nutrient cycling, waste material utilization, substrate construction requirements and wetland establishment requirements.     

Sustaining platforms as commons: perspectives on participation,infrastructure, and governance

ABSTRACT

This work finds its place within Participatory Design (PD) as a specific approach to co-design that focuses on the politics of technological innovation and socio-technical transformations. In particular, the article contributes to the repositioning of co-design in the age of platform capitalism by engaging with the question: how can participatory designers approach interventions for the long-term sustainability of platforms as commons? As the contradictions and limitations of platform capitalism become increasingly evident, to engage with such a challenge is a way to pursue PD’s renewed political agenda. The article foregrounds the concept of platforms as commons to bring designers’ attention towards those platform arrangements which are antithetical to platform capitalism exploitative ones. By building on Free and Open Source Software (FOSS), as a paradigmatic case of platform as commons, the article outlines participation, infrastructure, and governance as relevant perspectives for framing broad areas of sustainability concerns; and it articulates them along four approaches for supporting long-term sustainability in practice: maintaining, scaling, replicating, and evolving. Ultimately, this article provides participatory designers with a map of possible orientations to frame and support their work, research or interventions around the long-term sustainability of platforms as commons.     

Exploring the alignment between organization designs and value processes over the program lifecycle

This paper addresses the interplay between organization designs and value processes in the context of programs. Building upon the findings from a longitudinal case study of a complex multi-partner program within Sweden's transportation sector, we argue that different value processes over the program lifecycle require different program management arrangements. Specifically, the paper explores how three distinct value processes, namely value definition, value creation and value capture, were related to specific program organization design dimensions, including overall organizational form, program boundaries, organizational control modes, program protagonist and sources of funding. The paper explicates the dynamics of alignment between organization design and value processes and shows how the external context shaped the process of alignment. Thus, the study contributes to the literature by reporting a rich, longitudinal empirical case, identifying organizational preconditions for different value processes in programs and highlighting the dynamics of these processes.     

历史风貌建筑的保护与创新

对集美学村历史风貌建筑的外部形态、装饰特征进行研究，以及在危房翻建中所进行的设计探索，总结了承载学村文化、延续历史文脉的经验，并对历史风貌建筑的保护与创新提出了思考。     

Maintenance and decommissioning real options models for life-cycle cost-benefit analysis of offshore platforms

Maintenance and decommissioning real options (RO) models are developed for life-cycle cost-benefit (LCCB) analysis of offshore platforms. Uncertainties about hydrocarbon prices, maintenance costs, environmental loading, structural capacity and damage due to deterioration are taken into consideration in the RO modelling. Expressions are derived for expected costs and benefits in terms of the availability function of the platform, which depends on the hazard and restoring functions, and on the annual probability of failure of the structure. Results show that the use of the net present value (NPV) approach can significantly underestimate the LCCB. The RO formulation developed is shown to provide a proper framework to account for the value of the managerial flexibility to consider different options along the service lifetime of the structure, such as maintenance and decommissioning, and to make decisions adapting to future information.     

Building a better future: An exploration of beliefs about climate change and perceived need for adaptation within the building industry

The present research explored beliefs about climate change among an important yet relatively understudied population: representatives of the building industry. We also assessed the perceived adequacy of current climate-related actions within the industry and the perceived need for developing new practices. The results of a survey administered within a large engineering firm suggest a fairly high level of concern about climate issues within this sector: participants perceived climate change to be an important issue, current practices to be inadequate, and a need to develop new ways of addressing climate change. Despite this, there was notable and consequential variability in how participants thought about climate change. Higher levels of seniority were associated with greater satisfaction with current practices, and the belief that climate change was a natural rather than man-made phenomena was associated with a reduced support for the idea that changes to current practices were necessary. In addition, when thinking about climate relevant actions (whether current practices or the alternatives) participants focussed almost exclusively on mitigation rather than adaptation. The implications of these patterns for innovation around climate change within the building industry are discussed.     

高校工程进度控制组织风险分析——以五期期学生公寓为例

高校工程建设,对进度的要求十分的严格。本文以学校五期学生公寓为例,从各个参建单位人手,以建设方为总协调,对影响工程进度的各个组织因素进行分析,强化各种资源的协调组织,各个单位的密切配合,提高在具体工程实例建设中的各个单位,各种资源组织协调性和预知性。     

Focusing on business projects as an area for future research: An exploratory discussion of four different perspectives

An important development in project management in recent years has been the emergence of a new class of projects, in areas such as organisational change and IT, integrated business solutions, and long-term public service delivery. Often referred to as ‘business projects’, this new class of projects (and programmes) reflects a growing conceptual shift away from the traditional engineering view of projects, towards a more business-oriented view, in which the primary concern is no longer the capital asset, system or facility etc, but increasingly the challenge of implementing business strategy, improving organisational effectiveness, and managing the realisation of stakeholder benefits. Drawing on recent research from the UK Government-funded Rethinking Project Management Network, this paper argues that future research in this area needs to look beyond the mainstream literature on project management, to other relevant disciplines such as strategic management, operations management, and the management of change. Against this background, the authors present four conceptual perspectives from the management literature, which can be usefully applied to business projects. They represent exploratory contributions from four participants in the Network – a special collaboration between researchers – whose ideas and perspectives were either discussed at the Network meetings, or are the subject of research elsewhere. Collectively, the four contributions represent an exploratory discussion of different theoretical perspectives, in order to inform and stimulate other researchers and practitioners working in the field.     

BIM技术价值分析及其在建筑施工阶段的应用实践

本文根据我国建筑施工企业的特点和现有管理水平,对BIM技术应用价值在项目管理信息化、工程设计智能化、施工管理可视化以及运营维护实时化等方面进行了分析。同时针对现阶段BIM技术在建筑施工阶段的应用内容及特点进行梳理,并且介绍了BIM技术在福州海峡奥体中心项目中的应用成果。     

The role of organizational culture and leadership in water safety plan implementation for improved risk management

Appropriate implementation of WSPs offers an important opportunity to engage in and promote preventative risk management within water utilities. To ensure success, the whole organization, especially executive management, need to be advocates. Illustrated by two case studies, we discuss the influence of organizational culture on buy-in and commitment to public health protection and WSPs. Despite an internal desire to undertake risk management, some aspects of organizational culture prevented these from reaching full potential. Enabling cultural features included: camaraderie; competition; proactive, involved leaders; community focus; customer service mentality; transparency; accountability; competent workforce; empowerment; appreciation of successes, and a continual improvement culture. Blocking features included: poor communication; inflexibility; complacency; lack of awareness, interest or reward and coercion. We urge water utilities to consider the influence of organizational culture on the success and sustainability of WSP adoption, and better understand how effective leadership can mould culture to support implementation.     

试论建筑创作的现代性与文化表达——以长沙市居住小区建筑为例

在建筑创作流派及思想日益膨胀的今天,如何在建筑创作中体现地方特色,在建筑中加以文化的表达,这是本文极力探讨的。文章先阐明了建筑创作的现代性与文化表达,以及两者的关系,再以长沙市居住小区建筑为例探究建筑风格上的文化内涵,举星语林·汀湘十里的案例进行评论。最后提出了长沙建筑发展的影响因子,展望长沙市居住小区建筑的发展趋势。     

基于情境创设的3+2探究式教学改革研究及实践——以土木工程材料课程为例

培养高素质、有担当、有创新能力的人才是高等教育的主要目标,也是高等院校"双一流"建设的必然要求。土木工程科学在大学教育培养目标中有着独特的地位,大学工程教育不仅要关注过程也应当关注目标,采用过程与目标融合的探究式教育模式具有较好的优势。本文以土木工程材料课程为例,基于探究式科学教学的基本原理、工科教育特征和专业培养目标的要求,提出构建3+2式探究式教学目标体系,涵盖知识和能力培养目标和过程、方法及态度培养目标,同时基于"最近发展区"提出创设学习情境、设置探究点及探究项目的科学方法。实践表明:该教学改革模式能够有效提高学生创新能力和科研素养,可操作性强,具有显著的科学性和创新性。     

Dutch and American waterway development: identification and classification of instruments for value creation

Waterways can serve society in a variety of ways. However, authorities responsible for maintenance and development of waterways often have a sectoral focus. They strive for cost-efficient solutions within their restricted scope; broader development of socio-economic value receives little attention. This can be seen in, e.g. the Netherlands and the USA. Both countries have strong national authorities responsible for the navigation function of waterways. The societal call for broader optimization is recognized, but a systemized response to this call is lacking. Nevertheless, both authorities make attempts towards increasing the socio-economic value of their capital waterway projects by deploying instruments for broader optimization. Six recent cases, in which such attempts were made, are studied with the aim of identifying and classifying the instruments deployed. Identification and classification are needed to evaluate where gaps and opportunities lie for more systemized responses. From these cases, a total of 15 instruments are identified which stimulated broad optimization. These instruments are classified by identifying the transaction characteristics associated with these instruments. The results show overlaps and voids in the domains these instruments address. For practitioners, the results can be helpful to navigate through the planning and implementation phase of waterway projects.     

医药企业在申报政府科技立项中的几点体会

医药企业应在认真分析申请国家各类科技项目申报指南扶持的重点、选择合适的项目、撰写好项目申报书及可行性报告、重视项目跟踪以及结题验收工作等四方面提高医药企业科研项目申报的质量和中标率.     

浅谈工法开发和应用对企业技术创新的作用

本文从促进科技成果向生产力转化、提高市场竞争能力、促进技术创新和科技进步培养技术创新队伍等方面阐述了工法的开发和应用对企业技术创新的作用。     

The utopia of order versus chaos: A conceptual framework for governance,organizational design and governmentality in projects

Images of utopia of order and chaos can serve to depict paradoxes observed in projects by illustrating the ongoing challenges presented by formal organization and informal social structure at the interface of temporary/permanent organizing. This paper develops a conceptual framework that shows that governance, organizational design and governmentality are all essential to an understanding of projects. We seek to clarify these concepts and to consider temporalities in the organizational project management context. This implies examining temporary/permanent organizing interaction at macro-meso-micro levels and challenging the traditional categorization of the formal and the informal aspects into two different and isolated streams of research. The paper offers a theoretical contribution to project studies by creating a bridge between process theory, the sensemaking perspective and the study of organizational project management. It also contributes to practice through the framework's analytical potential and improved understanding of the relationship between governance and organizational design.     

The breakdown of the municipality as caring platform: lessons for co-design and co-learning in the age of platform capitalism

ABSTRACT

If municipalities were the caring platforms of the 19-20th century sharing economy, how does care manifest in civic structures of the current period? We consider how platforms – from the local initiatives of communities transforming neighbourhoods, to the city, in the form of the local authority – are involved, trusted and/or relied on the design of shared services and amenities for the public good. We use contrasting cases of interaction between local government and civil society organisations in Sweden and the UK to explore trends in public service provision. We look at how care can manifest between state and citizens and at the roles that co-design and co-learning play in developing contextually sensitive opportunities for caring platforms. In this way, we seek to learn from platforms in transition about the importance of co-learning in political and structural contexts and make recommendations for the co-design of (digital) platforms to care with and for civil society.