优化简化提高老油田调整改造水平

本文以扶余油田综合调整改造工程为例，详细介绍了低产老油田调整改造的优化简化措施。该工程通过采用不加热集输技术、低温原油脱水和低温污水处理技术、优化总体布局（5座联合站合为1座，26座接转站减少为5座）、优化站内平面（在原站内保证老系统正常生产的同时完成工程改造），实现了调整改造、节能降耗的目标，其经验可为老油田借鉴、参考。     

低渗透油田常温集输及低温脱水技术研究与应用

为确保低渗透油田有效开发和高效运行,吉林扶余油田在整体改造中通过实施站场“抽稀”技术、串井常温集油技术、密闭集输技术、低温原油脱水技术等一系列优化简化低渗透油田地面工程技术,降低了工程投资,减少了运行费用,保障了油田的可持续发展.实践应用表明,常温集输模式和低温脱水工艺技术的应用简化了流程、降低了能耗,取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益,形成的“扶余模式”对低渗透、高含水老油田地面工程调整改造具有积极的指导和推动作用,目前,已在吉林油田广泛推广应用.     

胜利油田积极推广不加热密闭集输工艺

胜利油田在调整改造老油田的地面工程中,注意革新挖潜,节约能源,积极推广不加热和停运(密闭)接转站等先进的集输工艺.至1983年10月,全油田已实现不加热输送井1739口,停运接转站18座,收到了较显著的技术经济效益,根据规划.到1990年全油田将累计实现不加热输送井2300口以上,停运(密闭)接转站64座,到那时将取得更大的经济效益.     

老油田综合调整改造工程监理体会

红岗油田老区综合调整改造工程是中油股份公司二十项标准化示范工程之一.通过建立健全项目管理机构、标准化设计、规模化采购、模块化施工和程序化监理工作,确保工程项目在各种困境中稳步进行,工程质量、安全、进度和投资等指标全部受控.在原站内保证老系统正常生产的同时完成工程改造,从而实现了工程建设的"三大目标".     

聚驱油气分离站所进入后续水驱后的节能优化措施

某油田某区块2001年开始聚驱开发,目前已全面进入后续水驱阶段,区块内水驱、聚驱转油放水站负荷率分布不均衡,平均负荷率34.2%,设备利用率低、能耗大且腐蚀老化严重,针对5座站场不同的工艺流程,针对性的开展优化合并节能措施,对于站内各容器负荷率均较低的情况实施站内容器设备的连通改造,停运拆除无效设备,针对站与站间负荷率均较低的情况实施站与站的优化合并,取消低负荷站场,将采出液处理统一合并至1座站场内,通过站内、站与站的优化整合,年节约用电672.05×10⁴kWh,年节约用气162.09×10⁴m³,优化岗位员工16人,减少年运行费用640.46万元。     

红岗油田老区综合调整改造优化简化技术研究

介绍了红岗油田老区通过采用＂抽稀＂中间站场、全面实施不加热集输、油气密闭集输和处理、自动量油技术、建设数字化油田、实施标准化设计等一系列优化简化及标准化地面工程技术,降低了工程投资,减少了运行费用,保证了油田安全生产,使红岗油田从低效、高能耗、多隐患的老油田改造成为高效、低能耗、安全型的油田,确保了高含水油田的有效开发和高效运行。在优化简化、节能降耗、自动化控制和管理等方面取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益,对高含水老油田地面工程调整改造具有积极的指导和推动作用。     

大庆外围某油田产能区块地面建设优化措施

随着油田的不断开发,地面条件越来越复杂。合理地匹配地面设施建设模式,更好地对老区块进行适应性改造,对确保油田原油稳产至关重要。本文针对新建产能区块的井位分布特点,从油气集输方式、供注水处理工艺出发,对比分析了"新建4座阀组间+1座混输增压站"和"新建5座阀组间"两种集输方式,优化新建产能区块建设模式,规划调整老区块,既提升了新区块开发效益,又确保了老区块平稳运行。     

标准化设计在吉林油田红岗老区改造中的应用

红岗油田老区综合调整改造工程主要解决安全、环保、节能问题,提高自动化水平,降低劳动强度.对调整改造区域内的小型站场(井场、计量间、配水间)、中型站场(接转站)以及站场标识等方面开展标准化设计,统一技术规定,统一建设模式.工程实施后,取得了较好的经济效益.红岗油田老区综合调整改造工程工程量大、规模大,特别是批量性、通用性和重复性的工作量大,例如,2座接转站的改造,其流程相同、单元模块相似；30座计量间只有两种安装形式.因此该工程适合开展标准化设计,以提高地面建设效率,降低投资,保证设计质量和施工质量.     

优化简化节能降耗——油田地面建设、改造的主题

本文系统介绍了大港港西油田地面优化简化工程实施情况，被称为“港西模式”的老油田地面系统优化简化经验，就是让传统的计量站、配水间和三级布站模式退出历史舞台，摆脱“地面工艺调整围着已建场站转”的思想束缚，形成以满足油田开发需要为标准的地面工程建设新理念，实现信息化、网络化与油田地面集输系统成功地对接。这一油气田地面建设优化简化、节能降耗的新鲜经验，可供老油田地面工程改造，新油田地面系统设计所借鉴。     

华北油田老区地面系统区域功能优化

针对华北油田老区块地面工程系统存在的能耗高、腐蚀结垢、负荷不均衡等问题,以地面工程区域系统性优化为目标,研发了一系列整装油田、小断块油田地面系统高效低耗集输与处理的关键技术。提出了高温产出液余热的综合利用技术,突破了高凝固点原油单管不加热集油技术难关,拓宽了常温集油工艺应用的范围;解决了硫酸钡结垢影响油田正常开发的难题;调整简化联合站,实现了拉油点整体优化。老油田高含水开发后期地面系统区域功能优化获得了较好的经济效益,为老油田开发后期整体提质增效提供了参考。     

ICP-AES法测定聚丙烯中钙、镁、铁、铝、钛的含量

应用ICP -AES分析方法测定聚丙烯中钙、镁、铁、铝、钛的含量。研究了酸度及共存元素对被测元素的影响 ,选择了合适的分析谱线及ICP -AES工作参数。同时进行了方法精密度试验 ,相对标准偏差小于 5 % ,标准加入回收率 91%～ 10 7%。本法简单、快速、准确     

Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat,sliced, cooked ham and salami products,marketed in the city of São Paulo,Brazil: Occurrence,quantification, and serotyping

The preference for ready-to-eat sliced foods may pose an increased risk for food-borne diseases, and a major concern is the presence of Listeria monocytogenes. L. monocytogenes was assessed in two types of products: cooked ham and salami. One hundred and thirty samples of each product were acquired in retail shops in the city of São Paulo and submitted to laboratory analysis. The rate of positives was significantly higher in salami samples than in ham samples (6.2% and 0.8%, respectively). L. monocytogenes counts in salami samples varied between <10 and 1900 colony-forming units per gram (CFU/g). The serotypes found in both products were as follows, according to incidence: 4b (37.5%), 1/2b (25%), 3b (25%), and 1/2c (12.5%). Based on the results of the present study, the authors suggest that the risk of listeriosis resulting from the consumption of salami is higher than that associated with the consumption of cooked ham.     

Polarographic determination of vanadium,nickel, cobalt,and iron in petroleum residues

Conclusions It has been shown that it is possible to determine polarographically, using a dropping mercury electrode, the elements vanadium, nickel, cobalt, and iron in the form of their sulfosalicylic acid complexes in an ammonium buffer electrolyte.The method was used to determine these elements in the concentrations in which they are present in the mineral residues of petroleum and petroleum products.Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 11, pp. 52–54, November, 1969.     

Distribution of calcium, nickel, iron, and manganese in super-heavy oil from Liaohe Oilfield, China

Liaohe super-heavy crude oil was separated into its components, namely saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes （SARA）, by the group separation method. Several solvents were used to extract different forms of metallic elements from crude oil. The metallic elements, such as calcium, nickel, iron and manganese, in crude oil, SARA and extract samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy （ICP-AES）. The results demonstrate that the contents of calcium, nickel, iron, and manganese gradually increase in saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes, suggesting that the abundance of the four metallic elements in asphaltenes is much higher than that in the other groups. For example, the content of calcium in asphaltenes reaches a maximum of 7,920 pg/g. Among the SARA components of Liaohe super-heavy crude oil, resins account for more than 50 wt%, suggesting that the total amount of the four metallic elements are higher in the resin component than in other components. The four metallic elements mainly exist in the form of organic metallic compounds in crude oil. Further analysis shows that calcium and manganese elements exist mainly as metal salts of petroleum acids, and the majority of the iron and all the nickel exist mainly as metalloporphyrin and non-metalloporphyrin compounds.     

原子吸收法测定二乙醇胺溶液中铁铜镍锌钙镁

采用空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法测定二乙醇胺溶液中铁、铜、镍、锌、钙、镁的含量,研究了共存元素的干扰及消除办法,考察并选择了酸介质及最佳酸度。该方法操作简单、快速,灵敏度高,准确度好,各元素回收率在94%~106%之间,相对标准偏差小于5%。     

胜利油田孤东新滩西地区断裂封堵性分析

胜利油田孤东新滩西地区是一个勘探程度较低的区块，多发育浅部断裂，馆陶上段是主要含油层段。因此，研究该区断裂的封堵性对寻找油气运移规律，指导后续勘探工作有着重要意义。本文利用岩性并置图、泥岩粘污因子、流体性质等来研究该区的断层封堵性。     

贵州织金牛场向斜煤层气资源分布特征

织纳煤田是贵州重要的煤炭基地,煤炭资源量高达2.22×10¹⁰t,煤层变质程度高,以无烟煤为主,煤层气资源量为1.6×10¹²m³。基于保存较为完整的织金牛场向斜区域地质特征分析,剖析了煤层组成、煤层气含量及煤层气成分等分布差异,对主要煤层M13、M15、M21、M29、M32及M34的煤层特征、瓦斯含量及组成、煤层气资源量等进行估算,获得可采煤层的煤层气资源量为18.39×10⁸m³,并认为向斜轴部含气量高于翼部。
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Cuts from OPEC, violence in Iraq, more biofuel

This section summarizes downstream developments of the previous month. Exploration & Production are covered in 'Upstream Review'.
OPEC's ministers, meeting in Doha on 19th October, decided to cut their production by 1.2 mn bpd from 1st November. The reduction is based on an output total of 27.5 mn bpd, which represents the production of the ten quota-observing countries in the weeks immediately preceding the Doha meeting. The Kuwaiti Oil Minister subsequently observed that the OPEC-10 were unlikely to be at their 26.3 mn bpd target before the second half of November. Venezuela said its 138,000 bpd cut would be concentrated on foreign joint-ventures operating in the Orinoco heavy oil belt. Crude oil prices fell in the wake of OPEC's announcement, prompting the Saudis to speculate that the group might cut production by a further 500,000 bpd at its meeting in the Nigerian capital, Abuja, on 14th December.