纳米CaCO_3表面改性及其对PVC复合材料性能的影响

分别采用十八胺、十二胺和正辛胺对纳米CaCO3进行湿法改性,制备了聚氯乙烯(PVC)/纳米CaCO3复合材料,系统研究了不同改性剂改性的纳米CaCO3对PVC基复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:3种改性剂均可以与纳米CaCO3表面结合,形成一有机层,阻止了纳米CaCO3团聚,使改性后的粒子可以均匀分散在PVC基体中;十八胺、十二胺和正辛胺改性后的纳米CaCO3均可显著提高PVC复合材料的缺口冲击强度,并且随着改性剂分子链长度的增加,冲击强度也略有提高;改性纳米CaCO3可以略微提高复合材料的弯曲强度,但材料的拉伸强度略有下降。     

改性纳米碳酸钙增韧PVC研究

研究了改性纳米碳酸钙对PVC材料结构和性能的影响,主要考察了改性纳米碳酸钙及改性剂用量对PVC力学性能的影响,并对复合材料的结构进行了观察.研究表明,与ACR增韧PVC相比较,改性纳米碳酸钙在大幅度提高PVC材料缺口冲击强度的同时能保持基体的刚性.二者并用则在进一步提高PVC复合材料的缺口冲击强度的同时改善了材料的断裂伸长率;冲击试样断面显示出比较典型的韧性断裂特征,而且改性纳米碳酸钙在PVC基体中的分散良好.     

纳米碳酸钙的改性及应用于聚氯乙烯的研究

为了提高纳米碳酸钙在聚氯乙烯(PVC)基体中的分散性和相容性,分别采用邻苯二甲酸酐与丁醇、辛醇、十六醇、二乙二醇丁醚单酯化制得邻苯二甲酸单酯,再用氢氧化钠溶液中和,得到邻苯二甲酸酐单酯化钠盐,再以其作为表面改性剂,采用湿法对纳米碳酸钙进行表面处理后,添加到PVC中制备了PVC/纳米碳酸钙复合材料。通过力学性能测试、转矩流变仪和扫描电子显微镜研究了改性纳米碳酸钙对PVC力学和加工性能的影响。结果表明,PVC/纳米碳酸钙复合材料的冲击强度随着改性剂中有机基团的碳链长度的增加而增大,另外,当改性剂中的有机基团具有一定的极性,PVC复合材料的综合性能更佳。     

改性针形纳米碳酸钙在PVC中的应用研究

用市售改性剂对自制的针形纳米碳酸钙进行表面改性,然后将改性纳米碳酸钙填充到聚氯乙烯（PVC）材料中,研究了PVC复合材料的力学性能。与未填充纳米碳酸钙的PVC相比,添加质量分数为5 %改性针形碳酸钙的PVC复合材料拉伸强度提高了10 %、冲击强度提高了7 %;扫描电子显微镜分析显示,改性纳米碳酸钙在PVC体系中分散均匀,冲击试样断面和拉伸试样断面均呈现明显的韧性断裂特征。     

复合改性纳米碳酸钙/CPE对PVC的协同增韧增强

用改性剂在水相中对纳米碳酸钙进行表面改性,样品烘干后在捏合机中用固相法采用自制的表面改性剂对水相法改性的纳米碳酸钙进一步进行包覆改性;制备了一种具有反应活性的新型改性纳米碳酸钙(R-CaCO3),并对R- CaCO3进行表征。结果表明,R-CaCO3亲油性增加,在液体石蜡中分散性改善,改性剂与碳酸钙之间形成化学吸附; 同时制备了PVC／CPE／R-CaCO3]纳米复合材料,发现R-CaCO3与CPE对PVC有明显的协同增韧增强作用,同时还提高了体系的耐热性,且体系的黏度基本不变。     

改性纳米CaCO3/PVC复合材料的力学性能

采用钛酸酯偶联剂和PMMA接枝方法改性纳米碳酸钙,并采用熔融共混法制备了改性纳米CaCO3增韧PVC（CaCO3／PVC）复合材料,研究了复合材料的力学性能。对比于未处理纳米CaCO,和钛酸酯偶联剂处理纳米CaCO3,PMMA接枝聚合改性纳米CaCO3与基体的相容性最好,增韧PVC复合材料的拉伸强度得到较大幅度提高。     

不同碳酸钙填充聚氯乙烯复合材料力学性能研究

用直接填充分散法(熔融共混法)将微米、亚微米、纳米、纳米包覆微米级复合(微-纳米复合)碳酸钙(CaCO_3)填充到聚氯乙烯(PVC)基体中,制备出不同配比的PVC/CaCO_3复合材料,测量并对比分析了不同复合材料体系的力学性能,计算了复合材料的界面黏结强度。结果表明:多数情况下,PVC/CaCO_3复合材料比纯PVC具有更好的力学性能;改性CaCO_3比未改性CaCO_3填充的PVC复合材料的力学性能更高;纳米包覆重质CaCO_3比普通重质CaCO_3填充的PVC复合材料的力学性能更好;在四种CaCO_3样品中,普通轻质CaCO_3和超细轻质CaCO_3填充PVC复合体系的力学性能相对较好;就界面黏结强度而言,超细轻质CaCO_3与基体树脂的界面黏结强度最高,普通轻质CaCO_3的最低,纳米包覆CaCO_3(通过化学方法在重质CaCO_3表面生成纳米级CaCO_3)与PVC基体树脂的界面黏结强度比重质CaCO_3的高,改性后的CaCO_3与基体的界面黏结强度均有所提高。     

PVC/改性纳米CaCO3复合材料的制备及性能

合成了纳米CaCO3表面改性剂AP-01,将此改性剂改性的纳米CaCO3用于硬质聚氯乙烯(PVC)抗冲改性.观察PVC/改性纳米CaCO3复合材料的微观结构,并测试其力学性能.结果表明:改性纳米CaCO3以海岛结构分散于PVC基体中.改性纳米CaCO3加入量在10%时,复合材料缺口冲击强度达到18.2 kJ/m2,而复合材料拉伸强度几乎没有改变.对比普通硬脂酸改性纳米CaCO3增韧PVC,其具有明显的性能优势.     

新型复合改性剂的制备及其增韧PVC的研究

采用乳液聚合合成了以丙烯酸丁酯(PBA)为核、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)为壳的胶乳,并将其与纳米碳酸钙浆料混合制备一种新型复合改性剂。重点分析了此方法对纳米碳酸钙的改性效果,研究了复合改性剂增韧PVC的效果。结果表明,通过此法改性的纳米碳酸钙表面亲水-亲油改变,复合改性剂对PVC有较好的增韧效果。     

高韧高强PVC纳米复合材料的研究

在水相中对纳米碳酸钙悬浮液进行了湿法改性。抽提后改性纳米碳酸钙的红外光谱和热失重分析显示改性剂与纳米碳酸钙之间以化学键结合;将改性纳米碳酸钙应用到聚氯乙烯中,制得了增韧、增强及增刚的聚氯乙烯纳米复合材料。复合材料在保持加工性能的同时耐热性能得到提高。透射电镜分析显示改性纳米碳酸钙在基体中呈纳米级分散,扫描电镜分析显示复合材料冲击断面产生丝状屈服,表现出典型的韧性断裂特征。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。