压电泵驱动闭式水冷环路传热实验研究

设计并研制全金属双腔串联有阀压电泵,利用压电泵驱动水工质在闭式环路内循环稳定流动。水冷环路热端设计为微通道结构,微通道结构能显著增强液相工质流动过程中与壁面换热速率。在压电泵驱动下,工质在微通道热端吸热,冷端放热,实现热量从热端到冷端高效传递。搭建实验测试系统,研究压电泵工作性能以及压电泵驱动水冷环路传热性能。结果表明,压电泵在开放系统和闭式系统工作性能一致。压电泵驱动电压越大,回路内液相工质流动速度越快,传热速率越高,系统热阻越低。双腔串联压电泵在120V驱动电压下,泵水流量达到167 mL/min,水冷环路热阻达到0.12℃/W。压电泵驱动闭式水冷环路具有热阻小,结构紧凑,能耗低,智能控制等优点,能更好地应用于大功率电子器件散热领域。     

冻结速率对洋葱细胞的影响

研究不同速冻速率对洋葱细胞结构的影响,将洋葱分别在1、3、6、9、12、15、25、50、80℃/min速冻速率条件下进行速冻实验,研究了不同速率条件下细胞内结冰温度、细胞结构变化、细胞内压变化并计算细胞膜的渗透率。结果表明,洋葱细胞内结冰温度随着速冻速率的增大而降低;细胞体积随着细胞内压的增大而减小,随着温度降低先增大后减小;渗透率的总体趋势是随着温度的降低而增大,随着速冻速率的增大而增大,细胞的结晶温度随着细胞膜渗透率的增大而增大,随着渗透率的减小而减小。     

蓄冷降温式太阳电池组件的实验研究

根据太阳电池温度特性,研究通过工程热物理途径来提高太阳电池光电转换效率的方法,开发出新型蓄冷降温式太阳电池组件,利用夜间大气自然冷量吸收太阳电池热量,降低其工作温度。室外试验于07年10月～08年11月在广州地区进行,测试分析了该组件及对照组平板式太阳电池组件的温度—电能输出及转换效率特性。结果表明:与平板式组件相比,蓄冷降温式太阳电池组件工作温度大大降低,效率相应提高。蓄冷降温式组件最大温降达26.5℃,瞬时电能输出相对提高18%,全天电能输出增长14%以上。     

导叶端壁在高温比下冷却特性的实验研究

利用高温风洞及远红外热像技术,实验研究了导叶端壁10排气膜孔出流在主燃气/冷气温比为2.68(主流温度500℃)下的综合冷却特性,对比不同主流进口雷诺数Re_(in)(10000、14900和19700)和吹风比BR(0.6、1.0、1.5和2.0)下端壁表面的综合冷却效率。研究表明:端壁表面冷却效率分布很不均匀,叶片周围和端壁前缘冷却效率较低,端壁中间偏吸力面的区域冷却效率较高;从前缘到尾缘,冷却效率整体呈现逐渐升高的趋势;Re_(in)从14 900增加到19 700时,端壁表面平均冷却效率在BR=1.5和2.0时增幅分别为6.2%和7.2%,而在BR=0.6和1.0时,增幅却均小于2.6%。     

高原环境下木材表面火蔓延特性的实验研究

在拉萨高原地区和合肥平原地区开展了一系列木材表面火蔓延对比实验研究,通过对火蔓延过程中一些重要特性参数(固相热解温度、气相火焰温度、燃烧区长度和燃烧速率等)的测量,分析了高原地区的火灾危害特性.结果表明,高原地区的固相热解温度与平原差别不大,但是气相火焰温度要略高一些.火蔓延过程中高原地区的燃烧区长度比平原的小,而且两...     

高温环境下控制器散热技术研究

装甲车辆动力舱内温度最高可达120℃以上,一般不适合将控制器(ECU)安装在动力舱内,但在许多客观因素要求下,使其必须安装于此,为满足此要求,设计了一套新型带有强制冷却系统的控制器装置.并使用模拟的循环冷却系统,来验证其可行性,从而确定控制器安装在装甲车动力舱内的可行性.     

环境风影响下直接空冷阵列入口空气流量特性实验研究

依托搭建的直接空冷阵列实验平台,进行了环境风影响下的入口空气流量特性实验,并根据实验数据计算风机体积流量,进而计算凝汽器背压.结果表明:在环境风影响下,空冷阵列迎风侧第1列风机体积流量显著低于其他列,流量低谷区位置随风向的变化而快速转移;迎风侧风机体积流量随风速的增大而减小,对风速的响应无时滞,且迎风侧第1列风机体积流...     

直接空冷机组间接空气尖峰冷却技术研究

直接空冷(以下简称ACC)机组在夏季高温时段背压升高,不能满负荷运行,需采用尖峰冷却技术降低背压。基于此,提出零水耗、近零传热端差的间接空气尖峰冷却技术,以某电厂660直接空冷机组为对象,对其加装间接空气冷却系统的热力性能进行研究分析。结果表明,加装间接空气冷却系统机组全年背压降低3.01～7.2 kPa,折算全年平均煤耗降低4.7 g/kWh,实现了尖峰冷却目的。     

两相射流泵供液下的平板速冻实验研究

为了验证两相射流泵在商用平板速冻机中应用的可行性,根据射流泵用作节流装置时可以回收制冷剂的膨胀功实现蒸发器倍量供液的基本原理,研究了射流泵供液的平板速冻机在25、30、35和40℃4个冷凝温度下的性能。实验结果表明:射流泵可以适应新型制冷剂R507并且可应用于1.3 t/批商用平板速冻机;平板速冻机的性能随着冷凝温度的升高先上升后下降。当冷凝温度为35℃时性能最佳,此时射流泵的引射系数比25℃时提升42.5%,比40℃时提升36.8%,而平板速冻机比使用热力膨胀阀供液时的冻结速率快7.7%,节约能耗7.4%。     

600MW空冷机组给水泵新型驱动方案的应用研究

通过分析目前国内600MW空冷机组给水泵主要驱动方案的优缺点,提出了采用背压汽轮机驱动给水泵的方案,将其与其他驱动方案进行经济对比分析,证明该驱动方式较其他方案具有投资低、系统简单、经济效益高等特点,在大容量直接空冷机组中拥有广阔的推广前景。     

Experimental study on cold start performance of PEMFC based on parallel flow channels

In this study, experimental methods are used to study the effect of assembly torque and channel size on cold start performance. Through the analysis of pressure distribution, fuel cell voltage, cathode gas inlet and outlet pressure drop and high frequency impedance, it is considered that, under the experimental conditions of this study, the fuel cell assembly torque is 2 N m, which has better cold start performance than the assembly torque of 1 N m and 4 N m. In addition, Under the condition of 2 N m assembly torque, the effect of four different flow channel sizes on the pressure distribution and cold start performance of the fuel cell was studied. It is found that when the width of channel is 0.5 mm, the depth of channel is 0.3 mm, the cold start performance is best.     

Experimental Study on Hydrocarbon Fuel Thermal Stability

The.thermal stability characteristics of kerosine-type fuels are examined using a heated-tube apparatus whichallows independent control of fuel pressure,fuel temperature,tube-wall temperature and fuel flow rate.Thismethod is identified simply as a“constant wall temperature method”.It is different from a previous widely usedmethod,which is identified as a“constant heat flux method”.It is a single-pass system.Rate of deposition onthe tube walls are measured by weighing the test tube before and after each test.For a fuel temperature of 250℃,it is found that deposition rates increase continuously with increase in tube-wall temperature.This finding contradicts the results of previous studies which had led to the conclusion thatdeposition rates increase with increase in wall temperature up to a certain value(around 650 K)beyond whichany further increase in wall temperature causes the rate of deposition to decline.The present results show clearly that the constant wall temperature method is more suitable for assessing thethermal stability of gas turbine fuels.     

Experimental study of clamping effects on the performances of a single proton exchange membrane fuel cell and a 10-cell stack

The contact pressure distribution is known to have significant influences on the contact ohmic resistance, porosity of gas diffusion layers (GDLs) and performance of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) consequently. This work experimentally investigated the effects of various combinations of bolt configuration and clamping torque on the corresponding contact pressure distributions and performances of a single PEMFC and a 10-cell stack. The pressure-sensitive films (FUJI-FILM I&I) were used to visualize the contact pressure distributions under three different clamping torques and three different bolt configurations in the experiments. The importance of the proper stacking design was clearly demonstrated by these contact pressure images. The mean value and the fluctuation intensity of the contact pressure were extracted statistically from the data of pressure-sensitive films. A non-dimensional pressure fluctuation intensity, which indicates the relative dispersion to its mean value, was proposed to gauge the uniformity of the contact pressure distribution, similar to the definition of the turbulence intensity in fluid mechanics. The experimental results showed that, for the single cell under the current experiment conditions, the larger mean contact pressure tends to yield the higher maximum power, regardless of the bolt configuration and the applied torque. The uniformity of the contact pressure distribution, the ohmic resistance and the mass transport limit current had highly linear correlations with the mean contact pressure. In the case of the 10-cell stack, the effects of various combinations of bolt configuration and clamping torque on its performance and the mass transport limit current could not be reflected by the stack mean contact pressure only. Increasing the mean contact pressure improved the uniformity of the contact pressure distribution and reduced the contact ohmic resistance, in general. However, the maximum power did not increase monotonically with the mean contact pressure and no linear correlation was found. The detailed contact pressure distribution may have important influences on the local electrochemical reactions and heat and mass transfer processes involved in the stack.     

闭式外腔循环太阳能墙集热效果实验研究

文章设计了闭式外腔循环太阳能墙系统,从理论和实验两方面研究太阳能墙传热传质规律。以大连市冬季为研究背景,基于对实验测温点不同时刻的持续监测,从逐时曲线中分析了不同环境下闭式外腔循环系统内部温度以及室内获得热量后室温的变化情况。结果表明,太阳能墙集热效率与太阳辐射强度密切相关,在晴朗天气下,白天部分时段单一太阳能墙就能满足采暖要求,不满足采暖要求时可以选择空气源热泵辅助采暖。     

Experimental study of gas humidification with injectors for automotive PEM fuel cell systems

A scaled gas humidification system using injectors for PEM fuel cell vehicles was developed and the humidification performance was evaluated under various operating conditions. The humidification system consists of an injector, a duplex enthalpy mixer and a water management apparatus. A dew point meter of the chilled mirror type was used to measure the humidity of the air and the hydrogen. Humidification performance was evaluated by measuring the dew point temperature of the humidified gases. Humidification performance was observed to be critically affected by the temperature of injected water and the gas flow rate in this study. The dew point of the humidified gas rose when the temperature of injected water increased, however, it dropped when the gas flow rate was increased. Experimental results show that the outlet temperature was 58.4 °C, dew point temperature of the humidified air reached 54.0 °C when the injection water temperature was 69.5 °C with the room temperature air flow rate of 200 L min⁻¹. Inlet gas temperature also affected the humidification performance and response time. In addition, a 50 cm² PEM fuel cell was tested to verify the effectiveness of the devised humidifier. When operated at 65 °C, the fuel cell showed an operating voltage of 0.5 V at a current density of 600 mA cm⁻².     

特低渗储层应力敏感性实验研究

采用砂岩储层敏感性评价实验方法（SY／T5358--2002）对长庆油田安塞县沿河湾地区长6储层14块岩心（岩心空气渗透率为0．0536×10^-3～2．4×10^-3μm2）进行了应力敏感性实验。实验结果表明,沿河湾长6特低渗储层存在中偏强应力敏感性。应力敏感系数为0．1601～0．8247。对14块岩样的渗透率随围压上升的变化曲线进行了拟合,并推导了应力敏感系数与初始渗透率之间的幂函数关系式。通过该式可以计算该储层渗透率应力敏感性伤害程度。同时,通过分析指出了该储层的应力敏感性和应力滞回效应、岩石组分和孔隙结构有关,岩石的有效孔隙越细小,黏土矿物和胶结物含量越高．岩石的渗透率对应力越敏感;当地层压力下降5MPa时,该储层应力敏感性造成的油井产量的降低范围在5．5％～25．2％,地层压力越低,则产量下降幅度越大。     

在不同工况下300MW锅炉过热器_再热器的特性试验研究

通过对锅炉稳定工况和动态工况的试验,综合分析了过热器、再热器受热面在不同运行工况的壁温状况,为解决过热器,再热器超温问题具有一定的参考价值。     

含水合物沉积物的渗透率实验研究

天然气水合物储层的渗透率是影响水合物开采时气、水运移的关键,也是水合物开采潜力评价、资源评价、开采工艺选择等需要了解的关键参数.目前,国内外学者对天然气水合物储层的渗透率进行了一定的研究并有了初步认识.但是,对于围压、轴向压力、水合物饱和度、赋存模式等对水合物沉积物渗透率的影响机制和机理还不清楚.本文在自主设计的水合物...     

重力对PEM燃料电池性能的影响

水对质子交换膜(PEM)燃料电池的性能有极其重要的影响,良好的水管理是PEM燃料电池保持高性能的必要条件.通过试验,观察了在重力作用下液态水对PEM燃料电池性能及其内部传质的影响,分析了PEM燃料电池单体电极的不同摆放位置对其性能的影响.试验结果发现:在电流密度较小时,重力对PEM燃料电池性能的影响不明显,电流密度较大时,重力对PEM燃料电池性能的影响比较明显.试验结果对优化PEM燃料电池的结构和水管理有一定的参考价值.     

Experimental study on clamping pressure distribution in PEM fuel cells

To study the effect of internal pressure distribution on the performance of a PEM fuel cell, a pressurized endplate was designed and fabricated. The endplate had a built-in hydraulically pressurized pocket with a thin wall facing the fuel cell assembly. Pressure sensitive films were used to measure the pressure distribution for both conventional and newly designed end plates. Fuel cell performance tests were conducted under selected conditions. It was found that the pressure distribution for the newly designed endplates was more uniform than for the conventional end plates, and an improved fuel cell performance was obtained with the newly designed end plates as well.