回热器增压腔对斯特林发动机性能影响的研究

建立了回热器碰撞射流数值计算模型,开展了回热器三维仿真分析;研究了增压腔对回热器基体内流场的影响规律,并分析了其对斯特林发动机性能的影响。以某型号斯特林发动机为对象,对仿真结果进行的试验验证表明:仿真结果和试验结果吻合性较好,研究结果可供斯特林发动机性能改进做参考。     

回热器对汽轮机动态响应特性的影响研究

建立能够准确反映汽轮机动态响应特性的仿真模型对于汽轮机调节相关研究工作具有重要意义,但是汽轮机模型动态响应特性与模型结构具有直接联系,若模型结构过于简单,则无法反映真实特性,若模型过于复杂,则会增加建模工作难度,并且容易带来过拟合等其他问题。因此,本文以回热器部分为例,研究其存在与否对汽轮机整体响应特性的影响。本文利用传统汽轮机模型与带回热器汽轮机模型进行相关仿真,通过对比分析了回热器对汽轮机动态响应过程的影响及回热器的频域特性,并通过试验对相关结论进行了验证。     

椭圆管内对流换热与流动阻力特性研究

通过CFD技术,分别对5种长短轴之比的椭圆管管内湍流和层流状态时的换热与流动进行数值研究,分析了流体流动状态和椭圆管长短轴之比对换热系数与流动阻力的影响,并根据数值计算结果拟合出湍流区椭圆管管内换热系数的准则关系式,最后绘制每种类型椭圆管的局部换热系数曲线。研究结果表明:数值计算结果与实验值吻合良好;采用当量直径的方法计算椭圆管内换热系数误差较大;随着雷诺数的增加,每种类型的椭圆管管内阻力系数逐渐减小;而在相同的雷诺数下,随着长短轴之比K的增大,管内阻力系数逐渐增加;每种类型的椭圆管具有类似的局部换热特性,即长半轴两端点处局部换热系数最低,而短半轴两端点处具有最大局部换热系数。     

一次表面回热器动态特性的数值模拟与实验研究

对一次表面回热器(Primary Surface Recuperator,PSR)流量阶跃变化时的动态特性进行了数值分析和实验研究.根据能量守恒原理和一次表面回热器(PSR)的结构特点,导出回热器冷热流体和固体间壁非稳态温度变化的微分方程式,研究流体流量发生阶跃变化时PSR的响应时间.在冷热空气进口参数和换热量相同的条件下,当冷热侧流量分别增加为原来3倍的情况下,PSR的响应时间只有管壳式换热器的1/8,板翅式的1/3.数值分析结果与实验结果相符.由于PSR的固体壁面时间常数远小于板翅式和管壳式回热器,因此这种轻重量结构的先进回热器响应特性明显优于常规回热器.     

斯特林发动机管式加热器内振荡流动的换热特性实验研究

模拟管式加热器在斯特林发动机中的工作状态,研究加热器管内工作气体振荡流动的换热特性,得到气体压力、振荡频率等对换热的影响规律,进一步得到工作气体与管壁间的平均换热系数,并将结果转化为无量纲参数,比较稳定流动换热关联式计算结果与实验结果的偏差。实验结果可对斯特林发动机管式加热器设计、优化和换热性能预测提供参考。     

复式波纹板型一次表面回热器传热及阻力特性的研究

采用单吹瞬变法对自行设计的3种 CU 型一次表面回热器的传热与阻力特性进行了试验研究.建立了数学模型,由数值解求得流体的出口温度与时间及传热单元数 NTU 间的函数关系.通过配比,获得了换热表面在测定工况下的 NTU 值.在紧凑式回热器常用的 Rе=200～800范围内,获得3种 CU 表面的j因子和f因子的试验关联式.换热面当量直径仅为1.35～1.48 mm,属微小尺度,交错角为52.5°～67.5°.采用综合评价因子j/f对3种表面的性能进行了分析,结果表明 1 号试件表面具有较佳的性能.经误差分析,所提供的实验关联式的拟合误差不大于16%,具有足够的工程精度.     

用于电子元件散热的集成热管换热特性研究

本文对应用于电子元件散热的热管换热器在不同的加热功率、不同风量情况下的传热特性进行了实验研究，从而得出换热量、总热阻、翅片表面阻力系数、换热系数、总热阻与加热功率及风道内空气肫数的关系，并与市场上的SP-94型热管散热器及传统纯铜散热器进行了比较，发现该热管换热器无论是散热量、平均换热系数还是总热阻都有明显的优势。因此，这种散热器在实际工程应用中必将有着广泛的潜力。     

斯特林机加热管积碳对其换热与循环特性的影响

以柴油机尾气为碳源,考察发动机加热管内流体雷诺数、流体温度和积碳时间对积碳量的影响规律,分析积碳量对加热管换热特性以及对发动机运行性能的影响。研究表明:同一工况下,管内积碳量随积碳时间近似线性增加(180 h);积碳量受雷诺数和流体温度影响较大,雷诺数为10 434时,积碳量最大,管内流体温度为110℃时,积碳量为1.645 6 g,约为190℃时积碳量(0.165 1 g)的10倍;积碳量较少时,可以强化加热管的换热性能,但随着积碳量的增加,换热性能逐渐降低;利用SIMPLE模型考察了管内积碳对斯特林循环的影响,随着积碳量的增加,斯特林发动机的循环效率和循环功率都先增加后减少。结合效能分析,提出在循环功率降低到初始状态功率以下时,此时单位面积积碳量约为5.11~6.88 mg/cm~2,雷诺数在3 688~33 523范围内,建议对斯特林发动机进行积碳检测和清洗。     

闭式深层海水供冷系统换热特性及优化设计研究

针对低纬度岛屿地区全年温度高、湿度大,空调全年运行时间长而常规能源运输成本高,传统高能耗空调系统难以适应的问题,提出一种利用深层海水供冷的闭式空调系统。根据换热特性的差异,将换热管道分为沿程垂直换热管道和海底换热盘管两部分,通过数值模拟研究管径、流速等参数对垂直管段和海底换热盘管段传热性能的影响。研究结果表明：垂直管段管径在0.6 m以内,流速在1~2 m/s范围可保证较高的换热性能;对于海底换热盘管段,最佳管径为0.025~0.050 m,最佳流速为0.4~0.8 m/s。在此基础上建立适用于垂直管段优化设计的费用年值数学模型,计算其比摩阻、流速,形成设计用水力计算表,并给出适用于海底换热盘管段工程设计的设计线算图及其修正公式。     

节流型微通道换热特性研究

为研究节流型微通道换热特性,设计并加工制作了突缩突扩结构的微通道实验件。采用控制变量法控制改变加热电压、质量流量、入口温度,通过实验数据对比分析研究了影响节流型微通道对流换热的规律。研究结果表明:随着质量流量的增加,微通道蒸发器的对流传热系数不断减小;随着雷诺数的增大努谢尔数不断增大,对流换热效果比较明显。     

Study on the heat transfer and flow characteristics in a spiral-coil tube

In the present study, numerical and experimental results of the heat transfer and flow characteristics of the horizontal spiral-coil tube are investigated. The spiral-coil tube is fabricated by bending a 8.00 mm diameter straight copper tube into a spiral-coil of five turns. The innermost and outermost diameters of the spiral-coil are 270.00 and 406.00 mm, respectively. Hot and cold water are used as working fluids. The k-ε standard two-equation turbulence model is applied to simulate the turbulent flow and heat transfer characteristics. The main governing equations are solved by a finite volume method with an unstructured nonuniform grid system. Experiments are performed to obtain the heat transfer and flow characteristics for verifying the numerical results. Reasonable agreement is obtained from the comparison between the results from the experiment and those obtained from the model. In addition, the Nusselt number and pressure drop per unit length obtained from the spiral-coil tube are 1.49 and 1.50 times higher than those from the straight tube, respectively.     

Experimental investigation on the heat transfer characteristics of axial rotating heat pipes

The heat transfer performance of axial rotating heat pipes was measured under steady state at rotational speeds up to 4000 RPM, or a maximum centrifugal acceleration of 170g, and heat transfer rates up to 0.7 kW. A cylindrical and an internally tapered heat pipe with water as the working fluid were tested with different fluid loadings that ranged from 5% to 30% of the total interior volume. The measurements were used to characterize the effects of rotational speed, working fluid loading, and heat pipe geometry on the heat transfer performance. The internal taper on the condenser was found to significantly increase the heat transfer rate compared to the cylindrical case. A comparison between the test results and predictions from previous models showed that natural convection in the liquid film at the heat pipe evaporator plays an important role in the heat transfer mechanism at high rotational speeds.     

高温空气燃烧系统中陶瓷蓄热体传热特性分析研究

针对小球、圆孔、方格孔、三角孔和正六边形孔蜂窝体等不同几何结构下的陶瓷蓄热体对高温空气燃烧系统的非稳态交替加热和冷却的传热过程的影响进行了理论分析，得出了正方形蜂窝体具有最佳的比表面积和开孔率的结论。建立了陶瓷蓄热体和气体的温度变化微分方程和数值计算的离散方程，并选取实例进行了数值计算，得出了温度变化和传热变化的特性曲线，其与实验测试结果变化规律基本一致。研究结果可以为高温空气燃烧过程中合理有效地控制蓄热体中交替换热过程提供理论依据。     

Heat transfer effect on the specific power availability of heat engines

The maximum possible specific power (specific power availability) that can be obtained from heat engines with a set of high temperature heat source and low temperature sink is analyzed. The heat engines considered in this paper include (1) externally and internally reversible, (2) externally irreversible and internally reversible, (3) externally reversible and internally irreversible and (4) externally and internally irreversible engines. The irreversibilities are assumed caused by heat transfer only. The specific power, defined as the power output per unit total heat exchanger surface area, is adopted as the objective function in determining power economics in this paper.     

Numerical prediction of the instantaneous regenerator and in-cylinder heat transfer of a stirling engine

The paper is concerned with the study of the effects of the in-cylinder and regenerator heat transfer characteristics of a single-acting opposed-piston Stirling engine, with heater and cooler both omitted, for which a simulation model has been developed. The engine thermodynamic cycle is divided into a number of time-steps, and a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations, which describe the energy balances over the three basic control volumes (hot and cold cylinders and regenerator), is solved numerically. Empirical correlations are used to determine the instantaneous heat transfer coefficients in the regenerator (flow across a porous medium) and inside the cylinder space (gas confined in a cylindrical volume with a moving boundary). Numerical results from the model are presented.     

Static research of flow in rotor channels of the regenerator

One demonstrates here the results of static experiments which suggest the pulsating flow in rotating channels of the rotor of heat regenerators occurs. Electrolytic technique was used to measure distribution of the mass transfer coefficient for one of many straight, round, radial ducts of the rotor for different angle positions at mean Reynolds number as a parameter. The use of the Chilton–Colburn analogy made it possible to state the angle-distribution of flow-velocity. The Reynolds number deviation was about ±30% in comparison with its mean value which suggests that the phenomenon should be taken into account in formulating the models of rotary heat exchangers. An equality – approximately – of the mean velocity of an out-gassed electrolyte in the opposite ducts of the rotor of the model, working in a closed hydraulic system, was stated which was justified theoretically for one-dimensional flow.     

热气机外燃系统换热计算

本文基于液体燃料燃烧化学反应平衡计算，求得燃烧产物温度及组分成份，在此基础上计算燃气物性，从而计算了热气机外燃系统加热管的对流换热系数、辐射换热系数及后排换热管的肋片换热，对燃用空气和液氧两种燃烧情形进行了对比计算，对计算结果进行了分析和讨论，得到了很有价值的结论，为热气机外燃系统结构设计提供了指导。     

CFD modeling of heat transfer and fluid flow inside a pent-roof type combustion chamber using dynamic model

A numerical work has been performed to analyze the heat transfer and fluid flow in a pent-roof type combustion chamber. Dynamic mesh model was used to simulation piston intake stroke. Revolution of piston (1000 ≤ n ≤ 5000) is the main governing parameter on heat and fluid flow. k–ε turbulence model was used to predict the flow in the cylinder of a non-compressing fluid. They were solved with finite volume method and FLUENT 12.0 commercial code. Velocity profiles, temperature distribution, pressure distribution and velocity vectors are presented. It is found that the inclined surface of pent-roof type of combustion chamber reduces the swirl effect and it can be a control parameter for heat and fluid flow.