不同蛋白酶对脱脂豆粉酶解条件的研究

以水解蛋白得率和蛋白质水解度为评价指标,研究了内切蛋白酶和外切蛋白酶酶解脱脂豆粉的适宜条件.结果表明:内切蛋白酶最适酶解条件为pH7.5,温度60℃,酶解时间6h,酶用量1.5%,水与脱脂可粉的比为7:1;外切蛋白酶最适酶解条件为pH5.5,温度55℃,酶解时间9h,酶用量1.5%,水与脱脂豆粉的比为7:1.在最适酶解条件下,内切蛋白酶酶解脱脂豆粉的水解蛋白得率达到50.6%,外切蛋白酶酶解脱脂豆粉的蛋白水解度为26.7%.     

蛋壳膜硫酸软骨素的提取工艺及其优化

以蛋壳膜为原料,采用稀碱与酶解相结合的方法提取硫酸软骨素。以胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶分解去除杂蛋白,经酒精沉淀并干燥后得到产品。实验得到的最佳提取工艺为:料液比1:1.5,碱浓度5%,碱提温度40℃,胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶的用量分别为1.5%、0.8%,pH值分别为8.2和5.5,酶的各自最适条件作用时间均为2.0h。     

骨肉酶解工艺条件研究

为了进行猪骨肉的综合利用,本实验以猪骨为原料,研究木瓜蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶的水解效果以及最适蛋白酶的酶解温度、pH、酶用量、料液比和酶解时间对骨肉蛋白水解度和总氮回收率的影响。结果表明：胰蛋白酶为最佳骨肉水解酶,胰蛋白酶水解猪骨的最佳工艺参数为：酶解时间为5h、酶解温度60℃、pH8、酶用量5000U／g原料、料液比为1：5。     

蛋壳膜中透明质酸的提取及部分特性研究

分别采用胰蛋白酶和胃蛋白酶降解蛋壳膜,从中提取透明质酸.通过正交实验考察酶解温度、pH、酶用量、料液比和酶解时间对透明质酸提取量的影响,确定采用胰蛋白酶酶解的最佳条件为:温度为50℃,时间为7h,料液比为1:40.酶用量为8000U/g,pH为8.5,提取率为13.294mg/g;采用胃蛋白酶酶解的最佳条件为:温度为37℃,时间为5h,料液比为1:40,酶用量为11000U/g,pH为3.0,提取率为24.494mg/g.结果表明,胃蛋白酶提取透明质酸的效果好于胰蛋白酶,且壳膜中含有重要数量的透明质酸.通过红外光谱分析和测定葡萄糖醛酸、氨基葡萄糖的含量,对提取的透明质酸进行分析鉴定.     

脱脂蛋黄蛋白粉酶水解实验研究

蛋黄蛋白粉是提取药用卵磷脂生产的副产物,用酶解方法将蛋黄蛋白转化为氨基酸或寡肽是回收利用脱脂蛋黄蛋白粉的重要途径之一.从研究水解反应入手,通过单因素试验和正交优化试验研究胃蛋白酶的最佳水解条件,考察了底物浓度、水解时间、反应温度、pH、酶浓度对脱脂蛋黄蛋白粉水解度的影响,然后根据正交试验结果对胃蛋白酶胰蛋白酶组合水解进行研究.研究结果表明,胃蛋白酶水解的最佳工艺条件是:温度为38 ℃,pH为2.0,底物浓度为5％,酶浓度为2％,水解时间为4h,此条件下水解度为15.76％.胃蛋白酶-胰蛋白酶组合酶水解的最佳工艺条件是:先加胃蛋白酶水解4h,而后调节pH为7.5,温度55℃,再加入浓度为0.5％的胰蛋白酶水解4h,此时水解度高达20.41％,明显高于胃蛋白酶单酶水解.     

响应面优化超声波辅助水酶法提取花生蛋白工艺

采用水酶法结合超声波预处理提取花生蛋白,在单因素实验基础上,选出最优的超声时间和超声温度,重点以酶用量、酶解pH、酶解温度、酶解时间和料液比为考察的影响因子,花生蛋白提取率为响应值。确定最优复合酶水解的水酶法提取花生蛋白工艺条件为：加酶量为1.59%,温度为56.5℃,酶解时间为3.9h,料水比为1∶4.4,pH为9.0,此时蛋白提取率为94.31%±0.37%。     

响应面法优化鹿骨多肽酶解工艺及其体外抗氧化活性

目的:筛选鹿骨蛋白最适提取温度和最佳酶解工艺并检测其抗氧化活性。方法:根据鹿骨蛋白的蛋白浓度筛选出最适提取温度,根据水解度（DH）通过单因素及响应面实验设计筛选鹿骨多肽的最佳酶解工艺,并通过测定鹿骨多肽对DPPH自由基、羟自由基的清除能力来评价鹿骨多肽的抗氧化活性。结果:最佳提取温度为95 ℃,通过响应面法优化及实际验证确定了胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶最佳酶解工艺分别为胃蛋白酶酶用量6200 U/g,温度37.3 ℃,pH2.0,时间3.2 h,此时的水解度为11.23%;胰蛋白酶酶用量6300 U/g,温度37.2 ℃,pH8.1,时间4.0 h,此时的水解度为23.09%。鹿骨多肽对DPPH自由基、羟自由基具有清除能力,其IC₅₀值分别为:3.72、2.24 mg/mL。结论:本实验得到了鹿骨蛋白最佳提取温度并确定鹿骨多肽最佳酶解工艺,且鹿骨多肽对DPPH自由基、羟自由基具有良好的清除能力,说明鹿骨多肽具有良好的抗氧化活性。     

酶改性蛋白制备水溶性蜂王浆的研究

以胃蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶为实验用酶,对蜂王浆蛋白的最佳水解条件及两种酶解液的特性进行了研究.结果表明:胃蛋白酶的最佳水解条件为pH=2,温度为37.C,料液比为1:3,酶浓度7‰,反应时间为8h;碱性蛋白酶的最佳水解条件为pH=8,温度为50%,料液比为1:4,酶浓度7‰,反应时间为8h.碱性蛋白酶其酶解产物的澄清度、苦味值及氮溶解指数均优于胃蛋白酶酶解产物,可用于制备水溶性蜂王浆.     

鹿角盘成分提取及其工艺的优化

摸索鹿角盘提取条件,优化提取工艺。利用正交试验考察水提法和酶解法对鹿角盘提取率的影响。水提法:料液比1︰25 (g/mL), 100℃煎煮6 h,提取率为28.11%。单酶酶解法:胃蛋白酶酶解工艺为料液比1︰30 (g/mL),pH 1.8,加酶量4%,酶解温度37℃,酶解4 h,提取率为22.39%;胰蛋白酶酶解工艺为料液比1︰20 (g/mL), pH 8.0,加酶量4%,酶解温度55℃,酶解6 h,提取率为20.99%。复合酶解酶解工艺:先胃蛋白酶,处理条件为料液比1︰20 (g/mL),pH 1.8,加酶量1%,酶解温度37℃,酶解12 h;后胰蛋白酶,处理条件为料液比1︰20 (g/mL), pH 8.0,加酶量0.4%,酶解温度37℃,酶解2 h,提取率可达31.84%。按照复合酶解工艺,对水提法最佳条件下提取后的鹿角霜进行复合酶解,提取率仅为1.33%。利用水提和酶解的方法筛选出鹿角盘的最优提取条件,制备工艺合理。由结果看出,两个方法中得到的提取率差异不明显。复合酶解得到的提取物种类和含量多于水提法的种类和含量。     

猪血红蛋白酶解制备ACE抑制肽的研究

本实验选用碱性蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶等六种商业蛋白酶在各自最适反应条件下分别水解猪血红蛋白12h,研究其水解产物对血管紧张素转换酶抑制率和蛋白水解度的影响。结果显示:采用胃蛋白酶酶解获得的产物ACE抑制率最高。胃蛋白酶的酶解条件为底物5%(质量分数),酶与底物浓度比E:S=3%,温度37℃,pH2.0,水解4h后其ACE抑制率为81.10%,水解度为6.64%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the