二甲基醚（DME）燃烧特性研究

作者在定容燃烧弹上用火焰直接成像法研究二甲基醚 (DME)燃烧过程 ,研究了 DME的滞燃期和火焰传播特性以及不同环境温度和压力对燃烧过程的影响。研究结果表明 ,DME的滞燃期比柴油短 ,燃烧室内的温度和压力升高时 ,滞燃期缩短 ;DME的着火位置靠近喷嘴一侧 ,柴油与 DME的体积相同时 ,DME的燃烧持续期比柴油短 ;DME的燃烧火焰亮度比柴油小 ,表明 DME的燃烧温度比柴油低。燃烧后期 ,燃用 DME时 ,喷嘴有明显的泄漏现象。此外 ,作者在单缸直喷式柴油机上进行了燃用 DME的燃烧特性试验研究 ,研究结果表明 ,DME的预混合燃烧放热率比柴油低 ,缸内最大爆发压力和最大压力升高率比柴油低。由于喷油持续期延长 ,DME的燃烧持续期比柴油长 ,在上止点后 80° CA出现一个较大的放热峰值。     

低散热发动机缓燃现象浅释

阐述了低散热发动机研究现状，总结了在陶瓷隔热的高温状态下油气混合，着火及燃烧的新特点，提出了缓燃现象成因的两点解释。设想出改善高温燃烧过程可能的有效措施。     

预燃室式柴油机着火滞燃期测量与分析

本文作者通过对预燃室式柴油机燃烧过程的预燃室压力、火焰光强和针阀升程等主要参数的实际测量,获得了预燃室式柴油机的物理滞燃期、冷焰持续期、兰焰持续期、热焰持续期、发光滞燃期、压升滞燃期和温升滞燃期的精确数据.根据测量结果,对预燃室内的燃烧过程的微观变化进行了探讨.同时,对三种滞燃期的负荷特性进行了对比分析,从而获得一些全新的认识.     

改善低散热发动机燃烧过程的措施

本文介绍了作者根据近年来通过大量实验研究所得出的对低散热发动机燃烧过程的认识，提出了改善低散热发动机燃烧过程的一系列措施，燃用低十六烷值燃料，采用小孔径，多孔数喷嘴；对喷油器进行必要的冷却或隔热；采用油束碰撞平台等。在定容装置上进行的实验证明了上述多种措施的有效性，为改善低散热发动机燃烧系统提供了必要的依据。     

对置活塞式双动力输出柴油机燃烧特性试验研究

建立了对置活塞式机械-液压双动力输出柴油机试验台,通过试验测试该柴油机在机械输出和液压输出条件下的示功图,并计算瞬时放热率,研究对置活塞式柴油机输出不同能量形式时的燃烧特性,将测试结果与输出机械功的传统对置活塞柴油机的燃烧特性进行了对比。研究结果表明:对置活塞式机械-液压双动力柴油机在输出液压功时负荷的增加对缓燃期和后燃期影响更大,并使放热率重心后移。与传统对置活塞柴油机相比,相同工况时液压输出负载的柴油机速燃期放热速率更快,后燃持续期更长。     

燃用小桐子油柴油机怠速工况工作过程及循环波动

采用柴油、柴油-小桐子掺混油、小桐子油、高温小桐子油,在单缸水冷四冲程柴油机上进行了怠速工况试验,测录了多循环的瞬时气缸压力与高压油管燃油压力,对比分析了喷油与燃烧过程中各参数的循环波动。结果发现,怠速工况喷油过程中,喷油持续期的循环波动最明显,小桐子油的喷油始点滞后,喷油持续期长,喷油压力大,喷油过程的循环波动略大;怠速工况燃烧过程中,最大燃烧压力升高率和滞燃期的循环波动率最为明显,小桐子油滞燃期略短,燃烧压力升高率小,最高燃烧压力低,滞燃期和最大燃烧压力升高率的循环波动明显大于柴油;燃用小桐子油增大了原机的循环波动,怠速运转不如柴油稳定。     

增压中冷柴油机燃用柴油醇燃烧特性的试验研究

在现有的增压中冷柴油机结构不做变动和调整的情况下,分析了柴油和3种柴油醇(E10、E15和E20)在E4种工况下的燃烧特性,研究表明：增压中冷柴油机燃用柴油醇燃料,随着柴油醇中乙醇含量的变化,滞燃期、放热率峰值和燃烧持续期等燃烧特性参数相应发生变化,在高速、高负荷时,乙醇燃料的优点对燃烧过程影响较大;在低速、低负荷时,乙醇燃料的缺点在燃烧过程中占主导地位。     

柴油喷雾着火过程的化学动力学模拟

在直喷式柴油机准维燃烧模型的基础上,建立了能描述柴油机着火前燃油的氧化历程及着火滞燃期的多步着火化学动力学子模型,它不仅可以很好地模拟实际柴油机的燃油氧化过程,而且可以较好地反映着火滞燃期随各种因素的变化关系,比以往的描述着火滞燃期的经验模型更具有合理性和先进性。整个燃烧模型的计算结果及其与试验结果的对比还表明,本模型能够合理地预测柴油机的燃烧过程。     

新型复合含氧燃料对柴油机燃烧和排放特性的影响

分析了自行配制的新型复合含氧燃料FHYJ和F10(体积比例为10%的FHYJ和柴油的混合燃料)的理化特性,在车用BJ493Q柴油机上进行了燃用F10的试验,比较和分析了燃用柴油和F10时柴油机的动力性、经济性、燃烧特性和排放特性.结果表明:在柴油机不做任何改动的条件下,与原机相比较,燃用F10时动力性变化不大;能量消耗率略有改善,改善程度在低负荷时较中、高负荷大;缸内压力、压力升高率、放热率峰值略有下降,出现位置后移2℃A～4℃A左右;滞燃期和预混合燃烧期延长,扩散燃烧期和燃烧持续期缩短;碳烟排放显著降低,最大降幅达83.1%,CO和Nox排放略有改善,HC排放基本相同.     

应用灰色系统理论分析研究大功率柴油机低负荷性能

应用灰色系统理论研究了低负荷下进气涡流对TBD620V12柴油机燃烧过程的影响。结果表明,该型柴油机在低负荷下采用涡流气道进气,有利于缩短滞燃期,增加主燃烧阶段的燃烧百分数,达到了改善低负荷下燃烧的目的。     

直喷式柴油机燃用生物柴油燃烧特性的研究

研究了柴油机燃用0#柴油和生物柴油的燃烧放热规律。通过对燃烧特征参数的计算分析,发现生物柴油的燃烧始点有所提前,滞燃期缩短;燃烧初期放热尖峰出现时刻对应的曲轴转角有所提前,瞬时放热率峰值下降;燃烧持续期延长。同时还比较了柴油机燃用生物柴油和0#柴油的经济性和排放特性,发现燃油消耗率上升12％左右,而各种排放污染物除NOx略有上升外,CO、HC和颗粒物(PM)均显著下降。     

Performance characteristics of a glowplug assisted low heat rejection diesel engine using ethanol

Conventional diesel engines with ethanol as fuel are associated with problems due to high self-ignition temperature of the fuel. The hot surface ignition method, wherein a part of the injected fuel is made to touch an electrically heated hot surface (glowplug) for ignition, is an effective way of utilizing ethanol in conventional diesel engines. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of thermal insulation on ethanol fueled compression ignition engine. One of the important ethanol properties to be considered in the high compression ratio engine is the long ignition delay of the fuel, normally characterized by lower cetane number. In the present study, the ignition delay was controlled by partial insulation of the combustion chamber (low heat rejection engine) by plasma spray coating of yttria stabilized zirconia for a thickness of 300 μm. Experiments were carried out on the glowplug assisted engine with and without insulation in order to find out the possible benefits of combustion chamber insulation in ethanol and diesel operation. Highest brake thermal efficiency of 32% was obtained with ethanol fuel by insulating the combustion chamber. Emissions of the unburnt hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen and carbon monoxides were higher than that of diesel. But the smoke intensity and was less than that of diesel engine. Volumetric efficiency of the engine was reduced by a maximum of 9% in LHR mode of operation.     

The use of Koroch seed oil methyl ester blends as fuel in a diesel engine

An experimental investigation was carried out on a small direct injection (DI) diesel engine, fuelling the engine with 10% (B10), 20% (B20), 30% (B30) and 40% (B40) blending of Koroch seed oil methyl ester (KSOME) with diesel. The performance and combustion characteristics of the engine at various loads are compared and analyzed. The results showed higher brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and lower brake thermal efficiency (BTE) for the KSOME blends. The engine indicated power (IP) was more for the blends up to B30, but found to be reduced for the blend B40 when compared to that of diesel. The engine combustion parameters such as pressure crank angle diagram, peak pressure, time of occurrence of peak pressure, net heat-release rate, cumulative heat release, ignition delay and combustion duration were computed. The KSOME blends exhibited similar combustion trend with diesel. However, the blends showed an early start of combustion with shorter ignition delay period. The study reveals the suitability of KSOME blends up to B30 as fuel for a diesel engine mainly used in generating sets and the agricultural applications in India without any significant drop in engine performance.     

柴油机燃用F-T柴油与0号柴油混合燃料的燃烧特性

根据实测的喷油器针阀升程和示功图,开展了直喷式柴油机燃用F-T柴油与0号柴油混合燃料时燃烧特性的研究．试验用燃料为0号柴油、含25%和50%F-T柴油的混合燃料以及100%F-T柴油．结果表明,在相同工况下,随着混合燃料中F-T柴油比例的增加,喷油延迟角增大,而喷油持续期变化不大．滞燃期随着F-T柴油比例的增加而缩短,其中当F-T柴油的比例由0增至25%时,滞燃期缩短最为明显,此后进一步增加F-T柴油的比例,滞燃期缩短幅度减小．随着混合燃料中F-T柴油比例的增加,预混燃烧放热峰值降低,扩散燃烧放热峰值增大,燃烧持续期略有延长,缸内最高燃烧压力和气体最高平均温度降低,最大压力升高率显著下降,发动机的燃烧噪音和机械损失减小,有效燃油消耗率和有效热效率得到改善．     

甲醇-柴油混合燃料对发动机燃烧及排放特性的影响

在一台YTR3105直喷式柴油机上进行了小比例甲醇-柴油混合燃料发动机的燃烧及排放特性试验研究。结果表明:在相同的平均有效压力和转速下,随着甲醇含量的增加,燃料着火延迟相应增大,使得燃烧过程向上止点后移动。混合燃料的滞燃期比柴油长,预混燃烧放热率峰值增大,燃烧持续期缩短,缸内最大爆发压力和压力升高率增加。与纯柴油相比,甲醇-柴油混合燃料HC排放有所升高,但NOx和碳烟排放降低。大负荷时,CO排放显著下降。     

喷油提前角对柴油机燃烧特性的影响

为了研究柴油机在不同喷油提前角下的燃烧特性,采用三维流体数值分析软件AVLFIRE建立了某型柴油机燃烧计算模型.在不同喷油提前角下,对燃烧滞燃期、油气混合程度、温度、燃空当量比、放热率和压力进行分析,得出:随着喷油提前角的增大,滞燃期延长,着火时刻形成的可燃混合气增多,缸内最高燃烧压力和最高温度也随之升高同时放热规律相...     

直喷压燃式发动机燃用柴油/碳酸二甲酯的燃烧特性和放热过程研究

在一台直喷式发动机上开展了燃用柴油／碳酸二甲酯混合燃料的燃烧特性与放热过程研究。结果表明，随碳酸二甲酯含量的增加，预混燃烧推迟，扩散燃烧期缩短。在中高负荷区，相同平均有效压力下，缸内最高压力、最高压力升高率和最大放热率随碳酸二甲酯含量的增加而增加，而在低负荷区基本上不随碳酸二甲酯含量的增加而改变。着火滞燃期随碳酸二甲酯含量的增加而增加，而快速燃烧期和燃烧持续期不随碳酸二甲酯含量的变化而改变。随碳酸二甲酯含量的增加，燃油消耗率增加，等热值燃油消耗率降低。CO和烟度随碳酸二甲酯含量的增加而降低，NOx随碳酸二甲酯含量的变化，但变化不大。     

Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Hydrogen Enrichment on an Opposed-Piston Compression Ignition Diesel Engine

High power-to-weight and fuel efficiency are bounded with opposed-piston compression ignition(OPCI) engine, which makes it ideal in certain applications. In the present study, a dynamic three-dimensional CFD model was established to numerically investigate the combustion process and emission formation of a model OPCI engine with hydrogen enrichment. The simulation results indicated that a small amount of hydrogen was efficient to improve the indicated power owing to the increased in-cylinder pressure. Hydrogen tended to increase the ignition delay of diesel fuel due to both dilution and chemical effect. The burning rate of diesel fuel was apparently accelerated when mixing with hydrogen and premixed combustion became dominated. NO_x increased sharply while soot was sufficiently suppressed due to the increase of in-cylinder temperature. Preliminary modifications on diesel injection strategy including injection timing and injection pressure were conducted. It was notable that excessive delayed injection timing could reduce NO_x emission but deteriorate the indicated power which was mainly attributed to the evident decline of hydrogen combustion efficiency. This side effect could be mitigated by increasing the diesel injection pressure. Appropriate delay of injection coupled with high injection pressure was suggested to deal with trade-offs among NO_x, soot and engine power.     

废气再循环率及点火时刻对天然气发动机燃烧和排温的影响

基于一台当量比燃烧的天然气发动机,采用三维燃烧分析与发动机一维热力学计算相结合的方式开展了废气再循环(exhaust gas recirculation,EGR)率及点火时刻对缸内燃烧过程和发动机排温的影响研究.研究结果表明:随着EG R率的增加,燃烧相位后移,燃烧持续期延长,放热率峰值减小,最大压升率、缸内最高燃烧压...