浅议脱脂花生酿制酱油

脱脂花生是制油工业的副产品,据报导,我国每年约生产400多万吨的脱脂花生,产量仅次于脱脂大豆等.脱脂花生含有丰富的蛋白质,有的高达52%,是制油工业中蛋白质含量最高的副产品之一.以前,脱脂花生用途单一,无疑造成了蛋白质的较大浪费.据分析,热榨脱脂花生中含有蛋白质48—52%、脂肪3—4%、粗纤维5—6%、钙0.25—0.3%、磷0.5—0.6%、植酸磷0.17—0.2%、赖氨酸1.6—2%、蛋氨酸1—1.5%、水分5—7%,以及其它微量元素.如果将其用于酿制酱油,可比脱脂大豆酿制的酱油出品率高出20%,而成本降低最少20%,是目前很有推广利用价值的农副产品之一.     

酱油用大豆粕的生产实践

酱油的酿造一般选用非转基因的有机脱脂大豆粕作为主要原料,大豆粕生产对原料大豆清理除杂的要求较严格,同时在工艺过程中应尽量避免或降低蛋白质变性。旨在为生产合格的酱油用大豆粕提供参考,对生产低变性脱脂大豆粕的工艺流程及相关参数进行总结。通过比较食用大豆粕和酱油用大豆粕的质量指标发现,采用低变性脱脂大豆粕生产工艺可生产出合格的酱油用大豆粕。     

日本开发出用花生制造酱油的工艺

日本千叶县工业试验场最近开发出花生制造酱油的工艺。工艺流程是 :对已脱脂的花生先不加曲霉 ,而只进行蒸煮 ,再放入酱油曲 ,加盐水搅拌 ,发酵成熟后 ,再进行压榨、加热。用这种方法制造出来的花生酱油不仅味道好 ,而且颜色较浅 ,香味柔和。日本开发出用花生制造酱油的工艺     

利用超微低温脱脂花生粉研制花生蛋白饮料

主要研究了低温脱脂花生蛋白粉经超微粉碎后，不经传统的浸泡磨浆工序，直接用于花生蛋白饮料生产的工艺条件，并确定了乳化稳定剂的配比。     

花生脱脂蛋白粉制取新工艺

对花生蛋白粉进行了介绍，对制取花生蛋白粉的工艺进行了介绍，提出了用４号溶剂浸出花生紧花生脱脂蛋粉的工艺。     

利用脱脂花生饼粕生产豆腐的研究

本文研究了大豆中掺合花生及其脱脂饼粕所制备的豆腐的品质和出率,发现掺合脱脂花生粕的效果最好,其次是半脱脂花生饼,再次是未脱脂花生。花生饼粕的掺合量可达20％,豆腐制品质地均匀,外表光滑,结构稳定,风味比100％大豆制品好。     

花生部分脱脂及其利用的探讨

本文介绍了花生部分脱脂工艺、部分脱脂花生仁复原方法以及利用部分脱脂花生仁生产天然花生奶、咸脆花生、花生糖、花生豆腐、花生蛋白粉等产品的生产工艺要点。花生部分脱脂利用是花生物尽其用的最佳途径。     

利用低温脱脂花生蛋白生产花生奶粉的工艺研究

介绍了利用低温脱脂花生蛋白生产花生奶粉的工艺过程。在对影响其冲调稳定性研究的基础上，确定了工艺过程及条件，并对花生蛋白中缺乏的必需氨基酸进行了调整。     

脱脂麦胚花生乳的研制

小麦胚芽是制粉业的重要副产物,蕴藏着丰富的营养因子。以脱脂麦胚和花生为原料,开发符合人体生理需要的植物蛋白饮料,通过反复试验,研究出脱脂麦胚花生乳的最佳生产工艺,制成一种新型营养保键食品—脱脂麦胚花生乳。     

利用低温脱脂花生蛋白 生产花生奶粉的工艺研究

介绍了利用低温脱脂花生蛋白生产花生奶粉的工艺过程。确定了工艺及条件,并对花生蛋白中缺乏的必需氨基酸进行了调整。     

花生基因组资源的开发及应用

花生是世界主要的油料作物,但由于花生本身的遗传特性,导致其基因组资源的开发和利用存在较大难度。花生的高度闭花授粉、初级基因库遗传基础狭窄以及栽培种与二倍体近缘野生种之间的杂交不亲和性,导致花生栽培种的分子遗传多样性偏低,成为花生分子遗传改良的主要瓶颈。然而,近五年来,花生基因组资源开发迅速,分子标记的开发、遗传和物理图谱的构建、表达序列标签（ESTs）的产生、突变体资源的创建和功能基因组学平台的构建促进了QTL的鉴定以及与农艺性状相关的耐/抗生物和非生物胁迫基因的挖掘。本文概述了当前花生基因组资源的研究现状,并对发展方向进行了展望。     

Peanut protein concentrate: Production and functional properties as affected by processing

Peanut protein concentrate (PPC) was isolated from fermented and unfermented defatted peanut flour by isoelectric precipitation and physical separation procedures. PPC was dried by spray or vacuum drying. PPC powders from each drying technique were evaluated for proximate composition and functional properties (protein solubility, water/oil binding capacity, emulsifying capacity, foaming capacity and viscosity) along with defatted peanut flour and soy protein isolate as references. PPC contained over 85% protein versus 50% protein in the defatted peanut flour used as raw material for PPC production. PPC had a solubility profile similar to that of peanut flour, with minimum solubility observed at pH 3.5–4.5 and maximum solubility at pH 10 and higher. Roasting of peanut reduced all functional properties of defatted peanut flour while fermentation had the reverse effect. The type of drying significantly affected the functional properties of PPC. Spray dried PPCs exhibited better functional properties, particularly emulsifying capacity and foaming capacity, than vacuum oven dried PPC. Spray dried PPCs also showed comparable oil binding and foaming capacity to commercially available soy protein isolate (SPC). At equivalent concentrations and room temperature, PPC suspension exhibited lower viscosity than soy protein isolate (SPI) suspensions. However, upon heating to 90 °C for 30 min, the viscosity of PPC suspension increased sharply. Results obtained from this study suggest that the PPC could be used in food formulations requiring high emulsifying capacity, but would not be suitable for applications requiring high water retention and foaming capacity. PPC could be a good source of protein fortification for a variety of food products for protein deficient consumers in developing countries as well as a functional ingredient for the peanut industry. The production of PPC could also add value to defatted peanut flour, a low value by-product of peanut oil production.     

花生粉,花生浓缩蛋白制备工艺及功能特性的研究

对花生蛋白，特别是花生浓缩蛋白的制备工艺进行了研究。对浓缩蛋白的三种制备方法进行了分析比较，并将产品的功能特性与大豆浓缩蛋白进行了对照。     

不同干燥方法对花生蛋白功能特性的影响

以花生蛋白为原料,分别采用热风干燥、真空干燥、微波干燥和微波结合真空干燥对花生蛋白进行干燥处理,比较不同的干燥方式对花生蛋白功能特性(吸油性、持水性、乳化性、乳化稳定性、起泡性能和起泡稳定性)的影响。实验表明,微波结合真空干燥的花生蛋白不仅干燥时间短,而且具有较好的功能特性,微波结合真空干燥是一种干燥花生蛋白的适宜方法。     

北京市居民花生及其制品消费现状分析

基于2009年7月的抽样调查,对北京市居民花生及其制品的消费量、消费原因、品牌偏好、年龄分布、消费预期及对"中国花生及花生制品营养知识推广工程"的看法进行了统计分析。结果表明,接近半数的受访家庭食用花生及花生制品;36～55岁中年人是花生及花生制品的主要消费群体。总体而言,北京地区的消费者对花生及花生制品的价格变动不敏感;多数消费者对2005年启动的"中国花生及花生制品营养知识推广工程"知之不多。     

Physicochemical Characteristics,Functional Properties,and Nutritional Benefits of Peanut Oil: A Review

The legume Arachis hypogaea, commonly known as peanut or groundnut, is a very important food crop throughout the tropics and subtropics. Peanut is one of the most widely used legumes due to its nutrition and taste, and it occupies a rank of major oilseed crop in the world. It has been recognized as a functional food due to its role in a health promoting effect. Peanut oil contains a well-balanced fatty acid and antioxidant profile that provide protection against harmful substances especially free radicals. This paper gives an overview of scientific literature available on phytochemical and functional properties of peanut oil. Owing to its unique organoleptic properties associated with its cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory properties, peanut oil has found, recently, its place on the highly competitive international edible oil market.     

Detection of peanut using real-time polymerase chain reaction

Preliminary results are presented on a sensitive and robust assay for the identification of peanut in commercial products using real-time PCR technology. Peanut specific primers and probe, designed using the Arah 2 gene, were optimised for real-time PCR using an ABI PRISM 7700. Commercial extraction kits employing different technological strategies were assessed for the extraction of PCR quality peanut DNA template. The specificity of the primer and probe set was determined using a wide range of food items and the limit of detection and quantification calculated using dilutions of peanut DNA. The assay was used to detect spiked or trace level of peanut in commercial samples and was finally used to detect peanut in a biscuit prepared with 2 ppm of lightly roasted peanut powder.An erratum to this article can be found at     

Peanut Allergens: An Overview

Peanut is recognized as a potent food allergen producing one of the most frequent food allergies. This fact has originated the publication of an elevated number of scientific reports dealing with peanut allergens and, especially, the prevalence of peanut allergy. For this reason, the information available on peanut allergens is increasing and the debate about peanut allergy is always renewed. This article reviews the information currently available on peanut allergens and on the techniques used for their chemical characterization. Moreover, a general overview on the current biotechnological approaches used to reduce or eliminate peanut allergens is also provided.     

花生壳在机械活化过程中结晶结构的变化

以花生壳为试验材料,采用搅拌球磨机对其进行机械活化,通过红外分析仪(FTIR)及X射线衍射仪(XRD)对不同活化时间的花生壳进行表征分析,探讨机械活化对花生壳结晶结构的影响.红外分析结果表明:机械活化提高了花生壳的内能,降低其纤维素分子氢键的稳定性,从而降低了总结晶指数和横向结晶指数.X-射线分析发现:花生壳在机械力的作用下,木素对纤维素的封闭作用被打破,结晶结构被破坏,结晶度随着活化时间的延长持续下降,最终得到非晶态花生壳纤维素.     

营养健康的植物蛋白饮料

<正> 目前,以豆奶为主的植物蛋白饮料,因其营养丰富、风味优良、销售饮用方便等特点,已在现代化饮料工业中成为一支独秀。尤其在日本、东南亚等地发展更为迅速。近年来,我国植物蛋白饮料发展也很快,而且在这方面我国的资源相当丰富,因此,重点发展植物蛋白饮料是符合我国国情的多快好省之举。 植物蛋白饮料的营养效用 植物蛋白饮料的主要原料为植物核果类及油料植物的种籽。这些籽仁含有大量脂肪、蛋白质、维生素、矿物质