一种新的计算机层析方法研究

提出了基于有限元的层析图像重建技术,该方法使用单元顶点上的目标值计算信号投影,详细推导了信号衰减也即目标物理量在检测线上的投影与单元节点值的关系,同时推导了单元刚度阵的计算公式,并提出了整体刚度阵、方程右边常向量的计算方法。最后还使用此方法对一仿真检测结果进行了重建分析,从分析结果来看,因此方法得到的系数矩阵对称正定,可以用ICCG等大型稀疏方程组求解方法求解,图像重建过程较经典ART方法效率更高,精度也更高。     

基于Monte Carlo模拟的系统矩阵解析算法

系统矩阵是单光子发射计算机断层成像系统(SPECT)中迭代重建算法的关键因素.蒙特卡洛(MC)模拟是计算系统矩阵最准确、最常用的方法,但是标准的MC算法最大的缺点就是耗时太长.为此,提出一种新的解析算法:利用MC模拟的投影数据,拟合准直器的点扩散函数,并以此作为计算系统矩阵的解析表达式.该新算法既缩短了计算耗时又包含了MC投影信息,使得解析计算的系统矩阵与MC模拟的结果相当.因此,该方法可用于修正准直器张角效应对系统矩阵计算的影响.本文采用解析计算得到的系统矩阵,重建了均匀泛源和Jaszczak模型的MC投影图像,重建图像能真实的反映原始图像.     

图像处理中拉普拉斯矩阵的稀疏化处理

图像处理领域中有许多解决方案都使用离散泊松方程来求解,这涉及到大型拉普拉斯矩阵的求逆,直接求解时间消耗较大。提出一种分层稀疏化算法,通过剔除拉普拉斯矩阵邻接三角形中的最小边,补偿其他两条相邻边,并在子系统上不断迭代这个过程,通过减小拉普拉斯矩阵的条件数来减少时间消耗。以图像处理中保边滤波算法过程中的拉普拉斯矩阵求逆为例进行稀疏化算法研究,通过比较稀疏化处理前后在拉普拉斯矩阵迭代求逆过程中的条件数,验证了该算法的有效性。通过收集500张图案,建立不同大小图案的样本库,利用样本库统计稀疏化处理前后拉普拉斯矩阵求逆所需时间。统计数据证明该算法可将大型拉普拉斯矩阵的求逆的时间消耗减少60%,且随矩阵规模变大,加速效果增强。     

基于2D-DCT等效矩阵的压缩成像

压缩感知理论允许人们通过少于采样定理要求的测量值重建信号。受到测量矩阵设计方面的限制,使用快速的贪婪算法重建时需要一个稀疏分解矩阵。目前通常根据一维变换构造稀疏分解矩阵,无法体现图像的结构信息。本文通过构造二维离散余弦变换(2D-DCT)等效矩阵来解决这一问题,通过重建图像二维变换系数的手段达到保护结构信息的目的。该等效矩阵与图像列序向量相乘得到的系数均来自图像2D-DCT变换,所以使用这种等效矩阵作为稀疏分解矩阵可以令贪婪算法重建的结果与图像2D-DCT变换系数相同,进而令基于2D-DCT等效矩阵的压缩成像可以在使用快速贪婪算法的同时保持图像的二维结构信息,并且不增加软硬件成本,实验显示该方法有效改善了图像重建的效果。     

流场超声层析成像中图像的迭代滤波反投影重建

为提高流场超声层析成像的图像重建质量,提出了一种迭代滤波反投影图像重建算法。该算法借鉴联合迭代重建算法的原理,将滤波反投影算法引入迭代重建过程。首先,利用滤波反投影算法,通过投影数据残差重建误差图像对流场图像进行修正,实现图像的迭代重建。然后,通过优化迭代步长,使每步迭代后投影数据残差均取得极小值以便加快收敛速度。最后,基于流场连续、紧支撑分布的特点,在迭代重建过程中引入投影数据的细分内插和流场图像的圆域修正。实验表明:相比于滤波反投影算法,迭代滤波反投影算法可使理论流场重建的图像误差平均减少26%,流量误差由1.77%减小至±0.25%以内;程序运行时间为0.63s,仅为联合迭代重建算法的0.89%。该算法可实现对直管段内和单弯管下游实际流场的可靠重建,满足流场高精度实时成像的要求。     

用于电容层析成像的一步稳定图像重建算法

本文提出一种基于Landweber迭代的电容层析成像系统一步稳定图像重建算法。该算法通过构建压缩算子可以克服传统Landweber迭代方法存在的半收敛性,得到稳定的重建图像。同时该算法的矩阵算子可以预先计算,然后通过一步矩阵运算实现图像重构。实验结果表明,该算法可保证重建图像的实时性和鲁棒性。     

应用压缩传感理论的单像素相机成像系统

采用稀疏二进制矩阵作为测量矩阵完成了单像素相机对不同场景的拍摄。基于压缩传感理论设计的单像素相机,利用数字微镜阵列和单个探测元件实现高分辨率图像的拍摄,将图像采集和压缩合二为一,减少了数据,降低了系统规模、复杂度和成本。对测量矩阵进行了分析,给出了二进制测量矩阵精确重构条件。搭建了硬件实验平台,采用稀疏二进制测量矩阵,对笔划复杂度不同的"中"字、"国"字和复杂实物这3种不同的场景进行了拍摄实验,利用梯度投影重构算法重构出目标图像,图像分辨率为数字微镜阵列大小。实验结果显示,对于3种不同场景,在测量次数为目标图像像素总数的20%～30%时,能精确重构出目标图像,表明单像素相机能实现高分辨率图像的拍摄。     

电容层析成像系统整体性能的改善

采用代数重建算法处理由电容层析成像系统所采集的投影数据可以获得较高质量的图像,介其耗时较多。本文着重提出一种准则并以此优化迭代过程中投影的选取顺序,以提高代数重建算法的收敛速度,从而改善成像系统的整体性能。     

基于伪地址存储结构的稀疏矩阵快速转置算法

设计了稀疏矩阵的三元组压缩存储结构和伪地址压缩存储结构,讨论了不规则稀疏矩阵的转置技术,主要研究了稀疏矩阵的快速转置算法,第一次提出了稀疏矩阵上一种新的转置算法——基于伪地址存储结构的稀疏矩阵快速转置算法。希望该结论对工业控制和数据压缩存储研究工作者提供一般性结论。     

运动模糊退化图像的双字典稀疏复原

为了消除图像中的运动模糊,提出了一种稀疏理论框架下的双字典稀疏复原方法,并分析了冗余字典的选取和迭代算法的实现.首先,建立了稀疏变换下的退化和复原模型,用Haar系数冗余字典将图像稀疏化,并用PCD阈值迭代算法对模糊图像进行收敛,得到复原图像.由于在有效去除复原图像的模糊的同时噪声在迭代过程中被放大并叠加在图像上,故从...     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.