The Satz-Mogel short form of the WAIS—R in an elderly, demented population.

Full administration of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Revised (WAIS—R) was compared to a rescored Satz-Mogel short form of the WAIS—R (P. Satz and S. Mogel, 1962) in 51 elderly, demented individuals. The comparison revealed a high degree of association between these two forms. A smaller subset of 15 Ss was administered the Satz-Mogel short form and the full WAIS—R. Correlations between the two forms were significant for approximately half of the subtests and all of the subscales. No significant differences in means were found between forms. These findings are considered to represent some initial, positive support for the use of the Satz-Mogel short form of the WAIS—R in an elderly, demented population. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Development of a Satz-Mogel Short Form of the WAIS—R.

Developed a short form of the WAIS—R by following the model of P. Satz and S. Mogel (1962). Results show that the short form of the WAIS—R Full-Scale IQ correlated highly with the WAIS—R IQ in a sample of 107 Ss, and similar results were obtained in a cross-validation study of 20 additional Ss. The WAIS—R short form takes approximately half the time to administer as does the complete WAIS—R. (3 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Psychometric adequacy and comparability of the short and full forms of the Personality Assessment Inventory.

The 160-item short form of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) was developed for situations in which respondents complete only the 1st half of the test. The present study evaluates the adequacy and comparability of the full and short forms of the PAI in terms of a wide range of psychometric characteristics. In all, 421 participants completed the full form as part of a neuropsychological evaluation. Results indicated slightly lower internal consistency reliability of the short compared with the full form. Group-level agreement of short and full form scales ranged from adequate to excellent. However, within-subject agreement was somewhat more variable. Low levels of within-subject agreement were strongly associated with elevated validity scale scores. The factor structures of the full and short forms showed high congruence for a 3-factor solution. These findings suggest that many scales of the short form have adequate comparability with their respective full form scales. However, low levels of reliability across less impaired ranges of the latent trait, diminished content coverage, and altered validity detection may limit the utility of some of the short form scales. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Anxiety and the next-in-line effect.

Studied the relationship between anxiety and the next-in-line effect in recall. Within each of 2 groups of 24 male and female university students, half the group took turns in reading a single word until an entire list of words had been read, and the other half merely listened. On a 2nd list of words the role of Ss was reversed. Compared to the listen control condition, the recall of Ss in the read condition was poorest for words read a short time before their own performance. This next-in-line effect was no greater for Ss classified on the basis of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale as being highly anxious than for low-anxiety Ss. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Concurrent validity of three WAIS—R short forms in psychiatric inpatients.

Several investigators have proposed short forms of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Revised (WAIS—R) to provide more cost-effective estimates of intellectual ability. The present study compared the concurrent validity of A. B. Silverstein's (1982) 2-subtest, Doppelt's (1956) 4-subtest, and L. C. Ward's (1990) 7-subtest short forms in predicting the WAIS—R Full Scale IQs of 304 psychiatric inpatients. Although Full Scale IQs were highly correlated with 2- and 4-subtest estimates, a significantly higher correlation was obtained with the 7-subtest short form. Errors in predicted IQ were smallest for the 7-subtest form. The results support previous research that found better predictive accuracy for the 7-subtest short form than for the 2- and 4-subtest methods, despite little additional cost in administration time. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Corticosteroid therapy in the prevention of recurrent post-surgical nasal polyposis

The purpose of this study was to evaluate, in a group of 30 patients, the results of a medical treatment combining an oral corticosteroid (Deflazacort) with a drug applied topically (Beclomethasone dipropionate) following a well-defined protocol, in the prevention of recurrent post-surgical nasal polyposis. In the follow-up at 6, 12 and 24 months, the possible recurrence of polyposis was evaluated as well as the nasal blockage and the olfactory function. After six months the disease recurrence was observed in 33% of the cases, always in its early stages, whereas after one year the percentage rose to 50% (15 patients, of whom only 3 displayed a severe form with considerable reduction of nasal ventilation). At 24 months recurrence was observed in 57% of the patients. However most cases did not show any sign of further progression. Throughout the entire follow-up period under observation only 6 patients (20%) had a severe recurrence which therefore required a revision surgery. The comparison with a control group not undergoing medical therapy after surgery highlighted the significance of the results obtained. Consequently the therapeutic protocol adopted proved to be reliable due to the very high tolerability in all cases and to the high percentage of good or very good short and medium term results observed. No clinical side effects of any importance were observed during the study.     

Basic principles of photobiology and photochemistry for nurse phototherapists and phototechnicians

Phototherapy administration requires a team approach to be safe and effective. Implementing the treatment plan requires the knowledge, skills, and expertise of the entire health care team. Understanding the relationship between natural light, artificial light sources, administration of phototherapy, and the short and long-term consequences of the therapy can enhance the experience for the patient and provide an increase in employment satisfaction for the therapist.     

钒渣生产五氧化二钒实践

川威集团新建的五氧化二钒车间于2008年12月竣工投产,近半年的生产情况总的来说情况良好,整个工序生产顺畅,各项指标逐月攀升,产品质量稳定良好。     

Effect of duration of treatment on treatment outcome and cost of treatment for Wilms' tumor: a report from the National Wilms' Tumor Study Group

PURPOSE: National Wilms' Tumor Study (NWTS)-4 was designed to evaluate the efficacy, toxicity, and cost of the administration of different regimens for the treatment of Wilms' tumor (WT). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between August 6, 1986 and September 1, 1994, 905 previously untreated children aged younger than 16 years with stage II favorable histology (FH) WT (low-risk [LR]), stages III to IV FH WT, or stages I to IV clear-cell sarcoma of the kidney (high-risk[HR]) were randomized after the completion of 6 months of chemotherapy to discontinue (short) or continue for 9 additional months (long) treatment with chemotherapy regimens that included vincristine and either divided-dose (standard [STD]) courses (5 days) or single-dose (pulse-intensive [PI]) treatment with dactinomycin. HR patients also received either divided-dose (STD) courses (3 days) or single-dose (PI) treatment with doxorubicin. RESULTS: The 4-year relapse-free survival (RFS) rates after the second randomization for LR patients were 83.7% for the 190 patients treated with short and 88.2% for the 187 patients treated with long chemotherapy (P = .11). The 4-year RFS rates after the second randomization for HR FH patients were 89.7% for the 256 patients treated with short and 88.8% for the 246 patients treated with long chemotherapy (P = .87). The charge for treatment with the short PI treatment regimens for all children with stages I through IV FH WT was approximately one half of that with the long STD treatment regimens. CONCLUSION: The short administration schedule for the treatment of children with WT is no less effective than the long administration schedule and can be administered at a substantially lower total treatment cost.     

Efficient priming of PCR with short oligonucleotides conjugated to a minor groove binder

The tripeptide 1,2-dihydro-(3H)-pyrrolo[3,2-e]indole-7-carboxylate (CDPI3) binds to the minor groove of DNA with high affinity. When this minor groove binder (MGB) is conjugated to the 5'-end of short oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), the conjugates form unusually stable hybrids with complementary DNA in which the tethered CDPI3group resides in the minor groove. We show that these conjugates can be used as PCR primers. Due to their unusually high binding affinity, conjugates as short as 8-10mers can be used to amplify DNA with good specificity and efficiency. The reduced length primers described here might be appropriate for the PCR amplification of viral sequences which possess a high degree of variability (e.g., HPV, HIV) or for recent techniques such as gene hunting and differential display which amplify multiple sequences using short primer pairs.     

Collective action as helping behavior: Effects of responsibility diffusion on contributions to a public good.

Examined the effects of feelings of responsibility on voluntary individual participation in collective action. Told that they were members of a larger collectivity, 108 undergraduates each decided how to allocate token resources between a private good, which benefited only the S, and a public good, which benefited the entire collectivity. Ss believed that half of the collectivity members (not including the S) would receive little money if the total group contribution to the public good fell below a certain "payoff point." These "needy" members would be helped by Ss' contributions to the public good. A 3–2 factorial design varied the number of resources required to reach the payoff point and the number of needy members who had not yet made their allocation decision. Results support a causal chain model in which the effects of the manipulations on contributions to the public good are mediated by feelings of responsibility. (15 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Cross-validation of an abbreviated form of the Halstead Category Test.

Cross-validated the use of a short form of the Halstead Category Test as suggested by D. A. Calsyn et al (see record 1981-02450-001). For 60 Ss (mean age 36.72 yrs), it was found that the total score estimated from their formula (based on the 1st 4 subtests of the Category Test) correlated .88 with the overall score. The formula was cross-validated in 3 samples with all correlations above .83. It was found that the formula could reliably predict who would exceed the cutoff of the entire test, with an overall accuracy across the 4 samples of 184 out of 205. (3 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Is an abbreviated form of the WISC valid for Afro-American children?

Rescored the protocols of 80 urban Afro-American children who had a complete WISC administered using the P. Satz and S. Mogel criteria for an abbreviated intelligence measure. Extremely high correlations among IQs were found which were consistent with other short-form research. However, when mean differences between the full administration and abbreviated form were examined, contradictory results were obtained. A considerable number of Ss showed upward changes in labeled intelligence level when the abbreviated form was used. Since these Ss were sampled from a population identified as having academic school problems, reliance on short forms for educational disposition seems to be of questionable validity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of self-administered and examiner-administered depression adjective checklists.

Compared self-administered and examiner-administered Depression Adjective Check Lists. Half of each equivalent form A, B, C, D was administered in the standard manner and half was read by the examiner to 128 psychiatric inpatients. The WAIS Vocabulary subtest was administered at the same time. A repeated measures analysis of variance revealed no significant effects for vocabulary (median split), sex, or method of administration. The significant main effect of lists seems best understood as a chance finding. Results support the use of the examiner-administered method in cases of functional illiteracy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

WAIS—R abbreviated forms in the elderly: A comparison of the Satz-Mogel with a seven-subtest short form.

The Satz-Mogel abbreviation of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Revised (WAIS—R) was compared with a 7-subtest short form (L. C. Ward, see record 1991-00137-001) in samples of normal and neurologically impaired elderly persons 75 yrs and older. The normals were 130 Ss from the old-age WAIS—R standardization sample, and the brain-damaged group consisted of 40 men with medically diagnosed brain dysfunction (average age 79.5 yrs). The short forms were highly similar in administration times, correlations with the WAIS—R IQs, estimation of the average IQ scores, and in classification of intelligence for both the normal and neurologically impaired Ss. Finally, both short forms correctly estimated significant Verbal IQ–Performance IQ discrepancies about 75% of the time. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition short form for index and IQ scores in a psychiatric population.

An eight-subtest short form (SF8) of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Third Edition (WAIS-III), maintaining equal representation of each index factor, was developed for use with psychiatric populations. Data were collected from a mixed inpatient/outpatient sample (99 men and 101 women) referred for neuropsychological assessment. Psychometric analyses revealed an optimal SF8 comprising Vocabulary, Similarities, Arithmetic, Digit Span, Picture Completion, Matrix Reasoning, Digit Symbol Coding, and Symbol Search, scored by linear scaling. Expanding on previous short forms, the current SF8 maximizes the breadth of information and reduces administration time while maintaining the original WAIS-III factor structure. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Constructing a short form of the Smoking Consequences Questionnaire with adolescents and young adults.

The goal of the present studies was to construct and validate a short form of the 50-item Smoking Consequences Questionnaire (SCQ; T. H. Brandon & T. B. Baker, 1991), a measure of smoking outcome expectancies. In Study 1, a 21-item short form (S-SCQ) was derived from a sample of 107 young adults previously treated for substance abuse. In Study 2, the measure was cross-validated on 125 adolescents in treatment for substance abuse. Confirmatory factor analyses revealed good model fit and factorial invariance for the 4 S-SCQ subscales across both samples. Validation analyses on each sample found that subscale scores generally correlated significantly with smoking-related variables. The present studies provide initial evidence for the utility of the S-SCQ when used with young adults and adolescents. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Abbreviating MMPI item administration: What can be learned from the MMPI for the MMPI—2?

Some researchers concerned over the length of theMinnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), have attempted to reduce item administration yet provide equivalent, interpretable scales. This article reviews the research on reduced item-administration procedures for the MMPI, addressing issues related to the use of shortened forms. The MMPI has recently undergone a major revision, and the MMPI—2 is available; however, the issues discussed here have relevance to the revised instrument, as it is about the same length as the original. Three basic strategies for reducing item administration have been developed: abbreviating the administration by having the S respond only to items on the basic validity and clinical scales (about 399 in the original MMPI and 370 in the MMPI—2); actually reducing the number of items on the standard scales (short form); and using adaptive item-administration strategies to reduce the number of items presented. Future item-abbreviation issues and strategies are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Influence of the volume of osteonecrosis on the outcome of core decompression of the femoral head

OBJECTIVES: To assess the outcome of core decompression in the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head related to the volume of necrotic bone measured according to a previously reported method. METHODS: Twenty hips corresponding to strictly Ficat stage II underwent magnetic resonance imaging and the volume of necrotic bone was expressed as a percentage of the volume of the entire head measured on each slice. All hips underwent core decompression and the outcome was evaluated at 24 months. The primary evaluation criterion was radiological appearance: the outcome was considered as good if the hip remained stage II and poor if the disease progressed. RESULTS: Twenty four months after core decompression, half the cases remained stable and in half the disease had progressed. Outcome seemed to be related to the volume of necrotic bone (average 22% in the good outcome group versus 45% in the poor outcome group (p = 0.0051)) and was independent of risk factors, age, and histological type. CONCLUSIONS: The volume of necrotic bone should be taken into account in the evaluation of any treatment, bearing in mind that in more than one third of cases this volume will probably decrease, especially at the beginning of the disease process.     

A case of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy with cilioretinal artery occlusion

We report a case of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) with cilioretinal artery occlusion. The patient was a 61-year-old man with sudden visual loss in his right eye. Funduscopy showed pale swelling of the entire optic disc with retinal ischemic edema of the upper half of the retina, and fluorescein angiography revealed faint filling of the dye in the optic disc in the retinal arterial phase, and dye staining of the optic disc in the late phase. We initially diagnosed the disease as AION with branch retinal artery occlusion, but systemic administration of a corticosteroid and urokinase were ineffective and the optic disc became atrophic. As the optic disc swelling decreased and the course of arteries in the optic disc became clear, we repeated fluorescein angiography which proved that the involved upper retinal artery was a cilioretinal artery having earlier dye appearance than the lower retinal artery. Thus, we finally diagnosed the disease as AION with cilioretinal artery occlusion. We believe that Hayreh's view that AION may result from occlusion of the posterior ciliary artery is supported by the intraocular findings in this case.