带竖缝砌体填充墙钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震性能试验研究

为了研究带竖向缝槽砌体填充墙对框架结构抗震性能的影响,开展了3榀带竖向缝槽砌体填充墙框架结构模型、1榀整体砌体填充墙框架结构模型和1榀纯框架结构模型在低周反复荷载作用下的对比试验。对比分析了各试件的破坏特征、滞回曲线、骨架曲线、位移延性、刚度退化、承载力退化和耗能性能等。结果表明：砌体填充墙的存在显著提高了框架结构的抗侧刚度和水平承载力,砌体填充墙参与了结构的滞回耗能,砌体填充墙框架的累积耗能能力明显优于纯框架;在填充墙与框架柱间设置一定宽度的竖向缝槽,减少了两者间的相互作用,延缓了填充墙和框架梁、柱的开裂,其水平承载力介于纯框架和整体填充墙框架之间,但其延性和耗能能力得到了较大的改善;在填充墙中设置一定宽度的竖向缝槽形成带竖向缝槽砌体填充墙框架,其水平承载力介于纯框架和整体填充墙框架水平承载力之间,其极限位移角与纯框架的基本相同,具有较好的延性和耗能能力。     

多层砌体填充墙框架结构抗震性能试验研究

为了研究砌体填充墙沿框架层不连续布置对框架结构抗震性能的影响,进行了3榀两层单跨砌体填充墙框架结构模型、1榀单层单跨砌体填充墙框架结构模型、1榀两层单跨框架结构模型和1榀单层单跨框架结构模型的对比试验,分析了各试件的破坏特征、滞回曲线、骨架曲线、位移延性、刚度退化、承载力退化和耗能性能等抗震性能指标。结果表明：无论是单层单跨还是两层单跨的砌体填充墙框架结构,其水平峰值荷载和初始刚度比相应的纯框架结构均有较大幅度的提高,且其刚度退化程度比相应纯框架结构要缓慢;砌体填充墙的存在提高了框架结构的抗侧刚度和水平峰值荷载,使框架结构的变形由剪切型逐渐转变为弯剪型;砌体填充墙参与了结构的滞回耗能,填充墙框架的位移延性和累积耗能能力明显优于框架;砌体填充墙沿框架层不连续布置会引起框架结构层间侧移刚度和层间受剪承载力发生突变,影响框架结构的破坏形态,但由于砌体填充墙参与了框架结构的滞回耗能,故其仍具有较好的抗震性能。     

Effect of unreinforced masonry infills on seismic performance of reinforced concrete frame-shear wall buildings

Reinforced concrete (RC) shear wall buildings with unreinforced masonry (URM) infilled moment frames are common in India and neighboring countries. This study assesses the influence of the URM infills on their seismic performance. Fully infilled, open first-storied, and bare frame versions of a 25-story shear wall building are considered. Multiple stripe analysis is conducted at five return periods to estimate their performance. Fragility functions for the collapse prevention limit state, which is based on seven engineering demand parameter exceedance thresholds, are generated and compared. The presence of infills (full or partial) is observed to have an overall positive effect on the performance of the RC frame-shear wall buildings. The performance of the open first-story building was comparable to that of the fully infilled building. The ratio of story shear carried by the moment frames and shear walls is studied at all return periods to understand the variation in frame shear wall interaction with increased damage for each building. In the case of buildings with infills, the frames carry a higher proportion of story shear at lower return periods. For all three buildings, the fraction of story shear carried by moment frames increases along the height of the building.     

高温后型钢混凝土框架结构抗震性能及其有限元分析

考虑受火时间、柱轴压比的影响,进行了考虑火灾升降温作用影响的高温后型钢混凝土框架结构抗震性能试验,升降温过程中和高温后阶段均保持柱顶竖向荷载的恒定。通过试验对高温后型钢混凝土框架结构在反复荷载作用下的破坏形态及滞回性能进行了研究。在此基础上,考虑升温阶段、降温阶段以及火灾后三阶段材料本构关系的转化以及型钢与混凝土之间、钢筋与混凝土之间界面的黏结滑移特性,建立了型钢混凝土框架结构温度场以及火灾后抗震性能的有限元分析模型,所得温度场以及试件的破坏形态、滞回曲线的分析结果与试验结果基本吻合,验证了所提出模型的合理性。     

Deterministic seismic design procedures for reinforced concrete buildings

A brief review is given of a deterministic design philosophy with respect to earthquake resisting ductile structures for reinforced concrete buildings. This was developed recently mainly in New Zealand. In this approach a preferred hierarchy in the development of energy dissipating mechanisms is postulated. Some applications of ‘capacity design procedures’ relevant to beams, columns and shear walls, are outlined. The paramount importance of quantifiable good detailing is emphasized and the relevance of this with respect to shear effects in plastic hinges, the confinement of compressed concrete, and bond between reinforcement and concrete are examined. These aspects of the specific seismic environment are also utilized to show fundamental differences in structural behaviour when effects of gravity loads or seismic displacements are compared.     

多层砌体教学楼抗震加固为砌体墙与钢筋混凝土墙组合结构的探讨

对超过《建筑抗震鉴定标准》(GB50023—2009)规定层数的多层砖房教学楼的抗震加固方案进行了探讨,根据既安全又经济的抗震设防原则,介绍了砌体墙与钢筋混凝土墙组合结构的抗震性能,探讨了多层砌体教学楼抗震加固为砌体墙与钢筋混凝土墙组合结构房屋的有关计算方法与构造要求。     

配筋混凝土砌块砌体小高层框支结构抗震研究

论述了与配筋混凝土砌块砌体小高层框支结构相关的剪力墙及房屋抗震设计和性能的研究进展概况，介绍了其需要重点研究的几个方面，促进其在抗震设计中广泛地应用。     

Lifetime seismic performance assessment for chloride-corroded reinforced concrete buildings

The main aim of this paper was to build an estimating procedure based on the static nonlinear analysis (pushover analysis) such that structural engineers can evaluate the seismic performance of a deteriorating reinforced concrete (RC) building. For engineers' convenience, this paper suggests the probabilistic deterioration prediction model and the visual estimation of deterioration degree to evaluate corrosion-induced weight loss of reinforcing steel bars. In addition, flexural and shear capacity models for a corroded column or beam are proposed and verified by full-scale corroded beam specimens, allowing engineers to simulate its nonlinear mechanical behaviour. This paper incorporates these mechanical models of corroded members into the static nonlinear analysis to construct a procedure for assessing the seismic performance of a deteriorating RC building. An elementary school at Lanyu Island, Taitung, Taiwan, is used as an example and its lifetime seismic performance is identified utilising the proposed approach.     

不同构造措施的砌体填充墙框架结构抗震性能试验研究

为研究设置拉结钢筋、构造柱、水平系梁等不同构造措施的砌体填充墙对框架结构抗震性能的影响,进行了4榀不同构造措施的砌体填充墙框架结构模型和1榀纯框架结构模型在低周反复荷载作用下的对比试验,分析了各试件的破坏特征、滞回曲线、骨架曲线、位移延性、刚度退化、承载力退化和耗能性能等。结果表明：砌体填充墙有效地提高了框架结构的抗侧刚度和承载力,但具有不同构造措施的砌体填充墙框架结构的初始刚度和承载力基本相同;设置构造柱、水平系梁和同时设置构造柱和水平系梁的砌体填充墙框架结构的位移延性和耗能能力得到明显的改善,且其刚度退化较为缓慢。     

钢筋混凝土框架结构建筑的震害与对策分析

详细分析了钢筋混凝土框架结构体系建筑在地震中的破坏特征、破坏机理,并结合我国目前的抗震设防现状和国外发达国家的抗震经验,给出了提高结构抗震能力的措施,对于提高RC框架建筑的抗震性能和减少或避免地震引起的损失具有一定的指导意义。     

多层砖混结构房屋抗震设计问题及对策

结合工程设计和实践经验,分析了多层砖房抗震设计中存在的主要问题,从科学布局建筑平面和立面、砌体房屋的总层数和总高度、砌体房屋的刚度及整体性等方面详细地探讨了多层砖房抗震设计要点,以保证建筑工程的抗震能力。     

A novel lifetime cost-benefit analysis method for seismic retrofitting of low-rise reinforced concrete buildings

This article presents a novel simplified method for assessing seismic damage to low-rise reinforced concrete (RC) buildings by using the hazard curve of response spectral acceleration. Moreover, the occurrence of an earthquake is assumed to follow a Poisson process when analysing the occurrence probability of a specified damage state in the remaining service life and expected losses induced by seismic damage. Then, a novel procedure for estimating lifetime costs and benefits of seismic retrofitting is proposed. In the case study, 16 practical design projects for seismic retrofitting of RC school buildings in Taipei are subjected to lifetime cost-benefit analysis using the proposed method. It can be found that not only lifetime cost-benefit ratios but also the financial return period for each dollar invested seismic retrofitting can be identified conveniently. Additionally, they are useful information for making decisions about whether to retrofit a building or not.     

钢筋混凝土框架结构直接基于位移的抗震设计

提出了针对《建筑抗震设计规范》中丙类建筑的＂四水准＂的抗震设防目标,并利用直接基于位移的抗震设计方法对一个6层钢筋混凝土框架结构进行了抗震设计。结果表明,直接基于位移的抗震设计可以针对不同地震作用水平下的结构进行设计配筋,比现行抗震设计方法有其自身独到优势。     

钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震措施的研究

采用通用结构分析与设计软件SAP2000对一般框架、安装阻尼器框架、安装隔振器框架进行了非线性时程分析,通过对位移、受力的比较和分析,明确了其各自不同的受力状态,为阻尼器、隔振器在不同使用要求的建筑中应用提供了参考依据。     

钢筋混凝土框架结构基于性能的抗震优化设计

钢筋混凝土框架结构中,梁柱的变形能力及其变形是度量结构性能水平的重要指标.通过虚功原理,得到了结构的弹性层间位移与梁柱的截面尺寸和结构塑性层间位移与梁柱构造配筋之间关系的显式表达式.结合我国现阶段抗震设计的两阶段设计三水准设防的要求,提出钢筋混凝土框架基于性能的两层次抗震优化设计方法,并以一个15层框结构为例进行了优化设计,结果表明,本文提出的方法是有效的和可操作的.     

基于位移的钢筋混凝土框架结构整体等效阻尼比模型

现有针对钢筋混凝土框架结构的等效阻尼比公式大多使用简化的单自由度滞回模型等效推导得出,难以充分反映结构的整体非线性滞回特征。按现行抗震规范设计了66个不同层数和跨度的规则钢筋混凝土框架结构,并对其进行单向推覆分析,选出其中主要通过梁铰变形耗能的51个结构进行往复推覆分析,基于等能量耗散原则建立了适用的整体等效阻尼比模型,分析表明,基于该等效阻尼比的结构位移需求预测值总体偏低。为此,进一步通过动力时程分析对其进行修正,采用修正后的整体等效阻尼比模型进行拟静力非线性分析,所得结果与时程分析得到的平均最大位移基本一致,说明该模型具有较好的适用性,可以更好地反映结构整体耗能特性。     

钢筋混凝土异形柱框架地震反应谱分析

运用有限元软件ANSYS,通过建立三维空间分析模型,对异形柱框架结构与矩形柱框架结构的动力特性、频率、振型进行了探讨,用反应谱方法对比分析了异形柱框架结构与矩形柱框架结构在地震作用下的变形特性及内力分布规律。     

底部框剪配筋砌块砌体房屋弹塑性地震反应的数值模拟

在总结底部框剪砖房和配筋砌块砌体的抗震性能研究成果的基础上,对底部框剪上部配筋砌块砌体结构的抗震特性进行了初步研究。采用层间剪切模型和三折线骨架曲线恢复力模型,分别按6、7、8度区的多遇烈度、基本烈度和罕遇烈度,输入ElCentro地震波,模拟此类房屋的线性和非线性地震反应。通过分析加速度和位移地震反应,恢复力和层间位移角的变化,考察了该结构的抗震性能和抗震能力。结果表明:底部两层框剪上部六层配筋砌块砌体结构(高25.5m)可用于8度地震区,这种结构的底部框剪层是薄弱部位;应提高框剪层的水平地震剪力设计值,增强延性设计,提高抗倒塌能力。     

Seismic performance assessment of masonry infill reinforced concrete buildings in Eastern Canada

In Eastern Canada, most of moment resisting reinforced concrete frames with unreinforced masonry infill (MI-MRF) buildings were constructed between 1915 and 1960. These pre-code structures, in terms of seismic requirements, are considered vulnerable to earthquake due to insufficient ductility and resistance. The goal of this study is to provide a quantitative assessment of their seismic performance using fragility functions. Fragility functions represent the probability of damage that corresponds to a specific seismic intensity measure (e.g. peak ground acceleration at the site). Based on a structural characterisation study on existing buildings in Québec region, a case study three storey–three bay MI-MRF was selected as representative for mid-rise buildings. Pushover analyses were conducted on a nonlinear model of the infill frame to obtain the corresponding lateral load-deformation capacity curve. The nonlinear behaviour of the reinforced concrete beams and columns was modelled with concentrated plastic hinges at members’ ends and a modified strut-and-tie model was used for the infill to account for multiple failure modes. A simplified probabilistic nonlinear static procedure was applied to obtain the seismic demand model at increasing levels of seismic intensity. Fragility functions were then developed using an experiment-based damage model that correlate the extent of damage to the displacement demand. Damage assessment using the developed functions was conducted for an earthquake scenario compatible with the design-level seismic hazard in Quebec City with a 2% and 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years. The developed functions and methodology are particularly useful in probability-based seismic loss assessment and in planning mitigation solutions.     

既有钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震性能化加固设计

简要介绍了建筑结构抗震性能化设计的基本概念及性能设计程序,同时基于本文所举的工程实例的抗震性能及业主提出的性能目标要求,制定结构加固改造方案,采用非线性分析方法分析建筑结构的抗震性能,得到结构构件在大震作用下的屈服类型及弹塑性变形程度,有效地预测结构进入弹塑性状态后可能形成的耗能机构,解决了业主更加关心的使用功能、设施设备等财产不被破坏的性能需求。